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Topic: Dehydration synthesis


  
  Condensation reaction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A condensation reaction (also known as a dehydration reaction or dehydration synthesis when water is lost) is a chemical reaction in which two molecules or moieties react and become covalently bonded to one another by the concurrent loss of a small molecule, often water, methanol, or a type of hydrogen halide such as HCl.
It may be considered as the opposite of a hydrolysis reaction (the cleavage of a chemical entity into two parts by the action of water).
Polypeptide synthesis, polyketide synthesis, terpene syntheses, phosphorylation, glycosylations, are just a few examples.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dehydration_synthesis   (377 words)

  
 More on Dehydration
Dehydration is the removal of water (hydor in ancient Greek) from an object.
In humans dehydration can be caused by a wide range of diseases and states that impair water homeostasis in the body.
Correction of a dehydrated state is performed by rehydration, and the addition of necessary electrolytes.
www.psyhist.com /dehydration.htm   (568 words)

  
 responseq311   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
Note that in dehydration synthesis, a larger molecule is formed from smaller molecules - synthesis means to build.
Dehydration synthesis is the biochemical process used to build all the macromolecules from their monomers.
The process by which the dipeptide is formed is dehydration synthesis and the covalent bond linking the two amino acids is called a dipeptide bond.
novaonline.nv.cc.va.us /eli/bio101/q311.htm   (142 words)

  
 Nutrition Chemistry Review   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
Dehydration synthesis is a process by which monomers (and the building blocks of lipids) are put together.
During dehydration synthesis, one molecule of water is removed (dehydration) from each two monomers that are joined (synthesis).
(Also see Figures 10, 13, and 15.) The process of dehydration synthesis uses energy, which is stored in the bond that is made, and takes place with the help of special molecules called enzymes.
nutrition.jbpub.com /chemistryreview8b.cfm   (405 words)

  
 [No title]
Dehydration synthesis - Monomers are assembled into polymers by means of a special kind of covalent bond forming reaction termed dehydration synthesis or condensation.
They are all formed from simple sugar monomers by dehydration synthesis, just like the disaccharides were except now a number of units are added in a chain forming a large molecule.
For example, when two amino acids are joined by a peptide bond, two ATP molecules are converted to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and the high energy phosphate groups which are lost transfer their energy to the amino acids making possible the dehydration synthesis.
www.accd.edu /SAC/biology/ratorres/printouts/PSM6B.htm   (12526 words)

  
 Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information
In a single-step synthesis gas-to-dimethyl ether process, synthesis gas (or syngas, a mixture of H{sub 2} and CO) is converted into dimethyl ether (DME) in a single reactor.
The role of the dehydration reaction is to remove the equilibrium barrier for the methanol synthesis reaction.
An understanding of these complex roles of the methanol dehydration and water gas shift reactions and of their dependence on the syngas composition explains why the synergy is high in the CO-rich regime, but decreases with increasing H{sub 2} or CO{sub 2} content in the reactor feed.
www.osti.gov /bridge/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=816515   (807 words)

  
 Lactose Synthesis   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
dehydration synthesis), or what actually happens in mammary glands is complicated.
condensation reaction because water appears, or b) a dehydration synthesis because water is removed (dehydration).
Lactose Synthesis by Condensation Reaction (a.k.a., Dehydration Synthesis)
www.bergen.org /ACADEMY/Bio/molbio/LACTOSE_SYNTH/LactoseSynth.html   (1671 words)

  
 [No title]
The synthesis of these constitutional isomers is conducted through acid-catalyzed dehydration synthesis using 2-methyl cyclohexanol as the starting alcohol.
One of the key reaction steps, as shown, in alcohol dehydration synthesis of alkenes is the formation of carbocations, a state in which the carbon atom is imparted with a positive charge.
One of the most important steps in the synthesis of the alkenes from the 2-methyl cyclohexanol compound is appropriately heating the compound so as to produce the alkenes as the only major components of the solution.
www.people.virginia.edu /~tw8h/241/Exp7revised.doc   (4803 words)

  
 Sucrose Synthesis   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
dehydration synthesis), or what actually happens in plants is complicated.
Sucrose Synthesis by Condensation Reaction (a.k.a., Dehydration Synthesis)
Sucrose is used as a transport molecule in plants to move carbohydrate energy to cells where they can hydrolyze it into glucose and fructose which are then used to generate ATP for cell work or they are used to synthesize other molecules such as starch or cellulose.
www.bergen.org /ACADEMY/Bio/molbio/SUCROSE_SYNTH/SucroseSynth.html   (1740 words)

  
 Chapter 5 Lecture   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
dehydration synthesis is the universal way that monomers are hooked together in biology.
dehydration synthesis, but there are differences in the linkages.
dehydration synthesis causes the loss both of the acid and basic ends of the amino acids.
www.ccsn.nevada.edu /science/jreed/190.C5Notes.htm   (3327 words)

  
 Deoxyribonucleotide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The phosphate groups bind to the 5' carbon of the sugar.
When deoxyribonucleotides polymerize to form DNA, the phosphate group from one nucleotide will bond to the 3' carbon on another nucleotide, forming a phosphodiester bond via dehydration synthesis.
New nucleotides are always added to the 3' carbon of the last nucleotide, so synthesis always proceeds from 5' to 3'.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Deoxyribonucleotide   (157 words)

  
 Organic Chemistry II: Methanol Synthesis and Dehydration Combined in a Single-Stage DME Synthesis Process   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
A single-stage, liquid phase synthesis process for DME in a slurry phase reactor system is efficient and facilatates heat removal.
The combination of methanol synthesis and methanol dehydration reversible reactions in a single step is thermodynamically more favorable.
In addition, the catalytic synthesis of methanol is covered in Ch.10 of Wade and DME itself is discussed in Ch.14.
chem242.blogspot.com /2005/07/methanol-synthesis-and-dehydration.html   (336 words)

  
 Chapter 3 Notes   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
Monomers (single subunits) are linked together into polymers by a process called dehydration synthesis (because a water molecule is removed in the process).
When monosaccharides are continuously linked together through dehydration synthesis, the result is a macromolecule called a polysaccharide.
There are 20 possible R groups, and each R group has an effect on the amino acid—so some are acidic, some are basic, some are hydrophilic and some hydrophobic.
www.cofc.edu /~owensm/bio101c3.htm   (693 words)

  
 biochemtable   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
dehydration synthesis (see p 39, figure 3.5 in the text and p 2-30 in SG)
dehydration synthesis (see p 43, figure 3.9 in the text and p 2-29 in the SG)
However, the text has diagrams of carbohydrate, fat, and protein digestion in the section that deals with chemical digestion (hydrolysis!).
novaonline.nv.cc.va.us /eli/bio101/biochemt.htm   (265 words)

  
 Online Introduction to Biology - Chemistry - Important Molecules in Living Systems
Such construction of molecules, a type of synthesis, is done almost universally with a process called dehydration synthesis, with the removal of a hydrogen from one component and a hydroxide from the other (these combine to form water, so the components lose water or dehydrate).
Since amino acids can also be called peptides, the bond of carboxyl to next amino, from the carbon directly to the nitrogen (no oxygen bridge, with the OH being lost from the carboxyl side and the H from the amino side in dehydration synthesis) in the primary structure is called a peptide bond.
Protein synthesis, since it involves picking up and translating genetic information, will be covered in more detail after nucleic acids have been discussed; however, some details are pertinent here.
faculty.fmcc.suny.edu /mcdarby/Majors101Book/Chapter_03-Chemistry/05-Important_Molecules_in_Living_Systems.htm   (3837 words)

  
 Scientific American Frontiers . Losing It .Teaching Guide . Tasty Models. High School Level | PBS
In this set of activities, you'll construct a single sugar (glucose) and observe the effects of a dehydration synthesis reaction.
Hence, this type of sugar bonding is called dehydration synthesis.
Place both models side-by-side.Remove the two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom that are associated with dehydration synthesis (identified by the dashed line).
www.pbs.org /saf/1401/teaching/teachinghs.htm   (944 words)

  
 alldeaf.com v4 - Grade 12 Biology ~ Help
dehydration synthesis (h20) <--> hydrolysis (HO + H) If the reaction of hydrolysis go from right to left, it will be dehydration synthesis.
If the reaction of dehydration synthesis go from left to right, it will be hydrolysis.
I would say no because DNA usually works in hdryolysis and dehydration synthesis.
www.alldeaf.com /showthread.php?t=30079&goto=newpost   (1406 words)

  
 Regents Prep Living Environment: Multiple-Choice Question Archive
However, glucose is a simple sugar made specifically by photosynthesis and is then combined with other glucose's to make starch by the process of dehydration synthesis.
Aerobic respiration takes in the oxygen from the atmosphere, dehydration synthesis is a mechanism of building up molecules by removing water, not oxygen, and fermentation is a form of anaerobic respiration which is done in the absence of oxygen.
Explanation: Dehydration synthesis is the process of building up molecules by removing water.
regentsprep.org /regents/core/questions/questions.cfm?Course=biol&TopicCode=5a   (853 words)

  
 protein and fat oxidation
The fatty acids and glycerol that were made from glucose are convered to fat by this dehydration synthesis reaction.
As with fat synthesis, intermediates are removed from glycolysis.
Glucose and these other sugars produced from glucose are utilized in dehydration synthesis to make disaccharides and polysaccharides such as; lactose, maltose, sucrose, cellulose, starch, glycogen, hemicellulose, chiton, murin, etc.
homepage.smc.edu /hodson_kent/Energetics/prfatox.htm   (332 words)

  
 Chapter 4
One very important type of anabolic reaction is called dehydration synthesis.
This reaction is used by cells for the synthesis of carbohydrates, proteins, and triglycerides.
In this type of synthesis reaction water is also formed.
classes.midlandstech.com /bio112/bio112chapter_4.htm   (2029 words)

  
 [No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
It is formed from glucose monomers connected by dehydration synthesis in β 1-4 linkages.
It is found in the fungal cell wall rather than cellulose as in plants.
         proteins are made from linking together long chains (sound familiar?) of amino acid building blocks (Fig 5.15C); dehydration synthesis forms a peptide bond between two adjacent amino acids; many amino acids linked together is called a polypeptide; N-terminus, C-terminus.
personal.nbnet.nb.ca /trevgall/biology/macronote.html   (957 words)

  
 Macromolecules   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
The covalent bonds between the subunits are always formed by a type of reaction called
During dehydration synthesis, a water molecule is lost, electrons are rearranged, and a new bond is formed between the subunits.This same tyoe of reaction is used to join the subunits of each of types of large molecules (macromolecules) that make organisms what they are.
The structure of each type of macromolecules is what determines how the molecules function in our bodies.
bioweb.wku.edu /courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/macromolecules.htm   (242 words)

  
 NYU-STEM: Dehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis: An Integrated Curriculum
NYU-STEM: Dehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis: An Integrated Curriculum
In completing the molecular models of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis, the students will apply algebraic concepts of preserving an equality to balance the chemical equation.
Students will demonstrate their knowledge of dehydration synthesis by adding and subtracting appropriate elements.
www.nyu.edu /projects/mstep/lessons/dehydration.html   (481 words)

  
 MICROBIOLOGY 2420 - EXAM II A
In dehydration synthesis, one of the products is always
Dehydration synthesis is significant to living things because
The peptide bond is a dehydration bond that forms between
www.accd.edu /sac/biology/ratorres/Tests/SMB2420Test2.htm   (1636 words)

  
 Ch. 5  '05
monomers are linked together in a process called dehydration synthesis, a reaction where water
Hydrolysis is essentially the reverse of dehydration synthesis
inside the cells, dehydration synthesis occurs to assemble monomers into new molecules
www.ltcconline.net /kloss/bio101/ch__5__'05.htm   (1367 words)

  
 Biology Standards and Relevant Websites
1.4 Describe how dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis relate to organic molecules.
http://faculty.nl.edu/jste/lipids.htm   An informational website on lipids featuring an interactive dehydration synthesis demo.
http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/dehydrat/dehydrat.html  An interactive website featuring dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis of proteins and carbohydrates.
www.sailsinc.org /Durfee/resources/biologywebsites.htm   (1348 words)

  
 OrgSyn Laboratory, Inc. Pharmaceutical Process Research and Organic Synthesis
OrgSyn Laboratory, Inc. Pharmaceutical Process Research and Organic Synthesis
OrgSyn Laboratory is a well-equipped laboratory housed in the Chicago Technology Park located only five minutes from the University of Illinois, Chicago.
The company is managed, operated and staffed by highly experienced process chemists with a total of over 100 years of experience in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical process research and development.
www.orgsynlab.com   (132 words)

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