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Topic: Deicing

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	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		As the aircraft enters the deicing station, air is discharge from a positive displacement compressor through at least one deicer air jet nozzle that is positioned relative to the advancing aircraft such that compressed air is blown onto the surface of the aircraft for initially removing any accumulations of snow and ice.
		A deicing system according to Claim 1, and further comprising a bridge member that extends across the support structure and movable longitudinally along a path of travel defined by an aircraft as the aircraft passes through the support structure, wherein said at least one deicer air jet nozzle is supported by said bridge member.
		A deicing system according to Claim 1, and further comprising a mounting mechanism connected to said support structure and movable therewith and mounting the at least one deicer air jet nozzle to allow the nozzle to be moved in a pattern relative to the surface of an aircraft.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/92106.011206&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (4729 words)

	Aero 08 - New Deicing/Anti-Icing Fluids
		Holdover time is generally considered the time from when deicing or anti-icing fluid is applied to when it begins to fail (that is, when frost, ice, or snow begins to accumulate or readhere to a surface after deicing, anti-icing, or both).
		Deicing and anti-icing continue to be the most widely used methods to prepare airplanes for takeoff and safe flight in winter conditions.
		If the airplane is not deiced or anti-iced during a subsequent layover and encounters rain on the ground or during climb, the remaining residue absorbs water and turns into a gel.
	www.boeing.com /commercial/aeromagazine/aero_08/deice_story.html (2995 words)

	United States Patent Application: 0050253110
		Deicing involves the application of a deicing fluid onto ice that has already formed on the surface in order to remove the ice; the deicing fluid lowers the freezing point of the ice so that it becomes a liquid rather than a solid.
		The deicing compositions when mixed with water produce succinate salts in a reaction that rapidly releases sufficient heat to melt the ice on the surface and the succinate salts act as a deicer and freezing point depressant.
		When the fluid is used as an aircraft deicing fluid, preferably the acid used has a pKa not less than 3 so that it is not a strong acid such as nitric, sulfuric, hydrochloric or hydrobromic.
	appft1.uspto.gov /netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=18&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PG01&s1=biodiesel&OS=biodiesel&RS=biodiesel (4021 words)

	Deicing Compounds and the Home Landscape
		To promote public safety, deicing compounds are used to melt ice and snow on sidewalks, driveways, and highways.
		While deicing materials are necessary for safe winter travel, they can damage automobiles, concrete surfaces, and landscape plants.
		Most deicing materials are salts that melt ice by lowering the freezing point of water below 32ºF. However, a few other materials can be used on icy and snowy surfaces.
	www.ipm.iastate.edu /ipm/hortnews/2002/11-8-2002/deice.html (763 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		In particular, the invention is directed at deicing compositions which inhibit road salt corrosion of steel and aluminum and deicing compositions which inhibit corrosion of dichromate treated magnesium alloys and other aircraft metal alloys, as commonly used in airport/aircraft facilities or equipment.
		A method of deicing airport runways or airplane surfaces, comprising applying to an ice covered airport runway or airplane surface, an ice reducing amount a deicing composition including an effective amount of a succinate salt, to substantially reduce the ice on the runway or airplane surface.
		The deicing composition of claim 27, wherein the ratio of succinic acid salt to at least one polycarboxylate salt corrosion inhibiting additive, is about 90: 10 to 99: 1 31.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/51584.010719&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (6304 words)

	DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln \| Conductive concrete overlay for bridge deck deicing
		The use of road salts and chemicals for deicing is an effective method for ice removal but causes damage to concrete and corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete bridge decks.
		Deicing experiments were conducted in five snowstorms during the winter of 1998 under two scenarios: deicing and anti-icing.
		This power level is consistent with the successful deicing applications using electrical heating cited in the literature.
	digitalcommons.unl.edu /dissertations/AAI9947127 (366 words)

	Deicing Materials for Slick Sidewalks and Roads
		Deicing agents penetrate downward through the ice and snow layer until they reach pavement.
		Performance of a particular deicing agent is determined by factors such as temperature, traffic conditions, shape of deicer particles, duration of the deicer's melting action, and the time it takes the deicer to form a brine.
		The shape of deicing particles affects the speed of their penetration through ice.
	www.ipm.iastate.edu /ipm/hortnews/1996/12-13-1996/deice.html (946 words)

	Effects of Deicing salt on groundwater
		Examples of groundwater pollution from deicing of salt can also be seen through research on salt in urban sewage and road systems.
		Groundwater has shown that the increase in the chloride concentration naturally present due to deicing salt may be 20-60 mg/liter.
		Deicing starts by affecting the vegetation along the roadway where the salt is being applied.
	ewr.cee.vt.edu /environmental/teach/gwprimer/roadsalt/roadsalt.html (1814 words)

	Kennedy/Jenks Consultants - Environmental Management - Innovative Deicing Storm Water Control System at PDX (Portland, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		To operate safely, PDX and the airlines employ deicing measures that are required by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).
		Deicing, which removes snow and ice from runways and all exposed surfaces of the aircraft, is essential to the safety of airplanes flying out of PDX.
		Runoff from areas close to the terminal, with the highest concentrations of deicing materials, will be pumped to a two million-gallon (MG) storage tank located east of Taxiway J. This material will be sent to the City of Portland sanitary sewer system for treatment, or trucked to another location for treatment or recycling.
	www.kennedyjenks.com /Services/Environmental/pdPortlandAirport.asp (912 words)

	Ground Deicing
		Although the term "ground deicing" is often used to refer to both deicing and antiicing, understanding the difference between the two procedures is important.
		Deicing removes frozen precipitation that adheres to the aircraft.
		A number of different methods, including hot air blowers and infrared heat, can be used for deicing, but the most common method of deicing is to spray the aircraft with a heated mixture of glycol fluid and water.
	cf.alpa.org /internet/alp/2000/nov00p15.htm (2472 words)

	6-I-7 SUBSTITUTION AND RECYCLING OF AIRCRAFT DEICING PRODUCTS
		Deicing fluids usually become diluted during application onto an aircraft as a result of precipitation or when ice on the aircraft’s fuselage melts after the deicing fluid is applied.
		Deicing products made from potassium, magnesium, sodium, or calcium magnesium acetates and urea pellets are better suited for airfield pavement application than the glycols, both of which are being phased out for direct pavement deicing.
		Some treatment options are available to handle spent deicing fluids; for example, biological degradation using a semi-continuous anaerobic process to convert glycols and low concentrations of any other organic contaminants, such as fuel, oil, or grease, into carbon dioxide and methane.
	p2library.nfesc.navy.mil /P2_Opportunity_Handbook/6_I_7.html (2106 words)

	Frequently Asked Questions - Packaged Deicing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		As with any ice melting agent, particular care should be used when grass and vegetation are adjacent to the deicing surface as excess application may cause damage.
		Note that deicing salt has a higher amount of insolubles and will require more clean-up of the brine tank.
		Also, the smaller particle size of deicing salt is not suitable for water softeners.
	www.cargillsalt.com /dc_salt_about_faqs_deicing.htm (1180 words)

	Grading and Excavation Contractor -- Project Profile: Installing New Deicing Pads at Hartsfield International Airport
		Deicing pads are aircraft holding areas located near the runway.
		Beneath each deicing area is a retention/detention system to capture deicing fluid and/or stormwater runoff.
		As to the installation of the plumbing, Boynton says, "Because of an aircraft’s weight and the deicing solution’s chemical nature, all containment-system material had to be strong, chemically inert, and watertight." PE pipe fulfills these requirements and saved time and work compared to a concrete or ductile iron pipe installation.
	www.forester.net /gec_9911_profile_ads.html (664 words)

	Aircraft Deicing Aircraft De-Icing
		Ensuring that the drop in fluid temperature from the last measured point in the plumbing chain to the nozzle does not preclude a fluid temperature of 60 °C (140 °F) at the nozzle is sufficient.
		In a typical hybrid deicing system, the fluid and forced air are discharged coaxially with a separate nozzle/spray system being used for the anti-icing application of Type II and IV fluids.
		In a manner similar to typical deicing operations, directional control of the discharge nozzle is accomplished from controls in the deicing bucket/cab.
	www.gofir.com /general/aircraft_deicing (9864 words)

	Deicing Options for Pollution Prevention
		Deicing chemicals and methods can be a significant source of air particulates, as well as, surface and ground water pollutants.
		Reducing the amount and toxicity of deicing chemicals applied is the primary means of reducing ice and snow removal wastes.
		Recent advances in remote sensing devices and monitoring networks allows for applying a minimum amount of deicing chemicals when conditions are optimal for preventing ice buildup.
	www.epa.state.oh.us /opp/Deicing.html (207 words)

	Reduced-Glycol Deicing System - Preproduction - Cost Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Deicing of aircraft is necessary at many locations where cold weather flight operations are conducted.
		Deicing is required whenever there is snow, sleet, other freezing precipitation, or the potential for frost to form on aircraft surfaces.
		The reduced glycol deicing system is an alternate method that combines pressurized air with standard glycol deicing fluid to cut overall glycol usage.
	www.lakehurst.navy.mil /p2/servlet/DocServletPrint?wDID=342 (444 words)

	IDI: Products: Deicing Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Whether you are looking for state of the art deicing systems or for ice detection technology, IDI has the expertise.
		In addition to aircraft deicing we have developed a cutting edge rotor-craft deicer (using a Shape Memory Alloy) that autonomously detects ice and removes it from helicopter blades.
		IDI also has new technology for ship deicing and anti-icing, large bridge and building structure de-icing and anti-icing, as well as antenna tower and radome anti-icing systems.
	www.idiny.com /deicing.html (195 words)

	Lyondell Chemical Company News - Deicers Test Lab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		On call 24-hours-a-day, Lyondell's deicing fluid team makes sure critical supplies of deicing fluids are on hand when and where they are needed.
		Now, we are increasing our commitment to provide customers with the latest in aircraft deicing technology and service with the completion of a new state-of-the-art deicing fluid testing facility located at our research and development site in Newtown Square, Pennsylvania.
		Further information on Lyondell's aircraft deicing and anti-icing fluids is available at www.deicers.com or by calling 800-321-7000.
	www.lyondell.com /html/news/features_deicers.shtml (416 words)

	Helicopter Preflight Deicing
		Conventional glycol-based deicing fluids used for commercial fixed-wing aircraft are harmful to the environment, expensive, and potentially damaging to helicopter rotor head components.
		Composite blades and fuselage components are susceptible to damage from deicing operations because physical impact, scraping, high temperatures, and rapid thermal cycling may cause delamination.
		Manual deicing methods requiring up to four hours to prepare a single aircraft for flight, and the inefficiency of these methods, justify the need for improved helicopter preflight deicing methods.
	www.erdc.usace.army.mil /pls/erdcpub/WWW_WELCOME.NAVIGATION_PAGE?tmp_next_page=110821&tmp_Main_Topic=51420 (132 words)

	Deicing Salts Harmful to Plants
		Deicing salts can save your neck this winter, but they can spell disaster for landscape plants.
		Whether the salt is sprayed on the plants from passing traffic near the road or is shoveled onto plants near the sidewalk, the salt can cause damage.
		Sodium salts are the most common type used for deicing while calcium salts are used to a lesser extent.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /ext/deicingsalts.html (308 words)

	AirFirst Deicing System
		As a first deicing stage (followed by conventional deicing when necessary), AirFirst® usually requires no glycol at all to remove major accumulations of snow.
		It is also effective in removing frost by injecting a small quantity of deicing fluid in the airstream.
		Time and glycol saving AirFirst® is particularly useful for deicing aircraft which have been grounded overnight or for long periods of time.
	www.fmctechnologies.com /AirportEquipmentServices/GroundSupportEquipment/Deicers/AirFirst.aspx (147 words)

	Shape-Memory-Alloy-Based Deicing System Developed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Most conventional deicing systems rely either on surface heating to melt the accreted ice or pneumatic surface inflation to mechanically debond the ice.
		The actively powered deicer was tested in the NASA Lewis Icing Research Tunnel on a powered rotating rig in early 1995.
		The system showed promise, deicing both rime and glaze ice shapes as thin as 1/8 in.
	www.lerc.nasa.gov /WWW/RT1995/2000/2720b.htm (276 words)

	Stormwater \| Deicing Salt: Still on the Table
		Sodium chloride in runoff from road deicing operations can also dramatically change salinity levels and the chemical composition of receiving waters.
		Deicing salt is considered a possible pollutant under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES).
		A 1991 study by the US Transportation Research Board (Highway Deicing: Comparing Salt and Calcium Magnesium Acetate, available at www.nas.edu/trb/publications/sr235.html) admitted that salt had some detrimental effect on vegetation, but the main thrust of the report involved comparing costs, both direct and indirect, of deicing salt’s use.
	www.forester.net /sw_0106_deicing.html (4203 words)

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