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Topic: Deinococcus radiodurans

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	Deinococcus radiodurans - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Deinococcus radiodurans (former Micrococcus radiodurans) is an extremophilic bacterium, and is the most radioresistant organism known.
		While a dose of 10 Gy is sufficient to kill a human, and a dose of 60 Gy is sufficient to kill all cells in a culture of E.
		Radioresistance of Deinococcus radiodurans: functions necessary to survive ionizing radiation are also necessary to survive prolonged desiccation, PMID 8550493
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Deinococcus_radiodurans (485 words)

	Deinococcus radiodurans
		Deinococcus radiodurans was isolated from a can of ground meat that had spoiled despite having been sterilized with radiation.
		Deinococcus radiodurans is a gram-positive, non-sporeforming, aerobe that requires a very complex media to produce pink to reddish colonies.
		It is believed that Deinococcus radiodurans has evolved to survive long periods of dehydration, and that the resistance to radiation is only incidental to the discovery and development of radiation emitting technology during the second half of this century.
	web.umr.edu /~microbio/BIO221_2001/deinococcus_radiodurans.html (502 words)

	Rediscovering Biology - Unit 1 Genomics: Expert Interview Transcripts
		Deinococcus radiodurans, which used to be known as Micrococcus radiodurans, was not discovered for a long time in microbiology.
		I think everybody who studies Deinococcus radiodurans is stunned daily when they do their experiments or when they look at the results of other people's experiments.
		People have been trying to study Deinococcus radiodurans since it was discovered in the '50s and although you can grow it in the lab, it's not the easiest organism to work with.
	www.learner.org /channel/courses/biology/units/genom/experts/eisen.html (5095 words)

	Deinococcus radiodurans -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		As a consequence of its hardiness it has been (A familiar name for a person (often a shortened version of a person's given name)) nicknamed "Conan the Bacterium" (after (Click link for more info and facts about Conan the Barbarian) Conan the Barbarian); its official name literally means "strange berry that withstands radiation".
		radiodurans is simply a side-effect of a mechanism for dealing with prolonged cellular (The process of extracting moisture) desiccation.
		radiodurans which are highly susceptible to damage from (High-energy radiation capable of producing ionization in substances through which it passes) ionizing radiation are also highly susceptible to damage from prolonged desiccation, while the wild type strain is resistant to both.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/d/de/deinococcus_radiodurans.htm (459 words)

	USUHS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Deinococcus geothermalis is an extremely radiation resistant, moderately thermophilic bacterium closely related to the mesophilic Deinococcus radiodurans.
		radiodurans (4) were a stimulus for its genome sequencing (5), annotation (3), and transcriptome analyses (6), and the key investigators of this white paper were integral to those detailed global cellular analyses.
		Abstract of paper: Deinococcus geothermalis is an extremely radiation resistant thermophilic bacterium closely related to the mesophilic Deinococcus radiodurans that is being engineered for in situ bioremediation of radioactive wastes.
	www.usuhs.mil /pat/deinococcus/FrontPage_DR_Web_work/Pages/D_geothermalis/D_geothermalis.htm (2496 words)

	Deinococcus radiodurans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		radiodurans was first isolated in 1956 from a radiation "sterilized" can of ground meat.
		It seems to be a widespread organism, but is a weak competitor and consequently is only cultured from samples that have been subjected to extreme treatments.
		Genome sequence of the radioresistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans R1.
	www.life.umd.edu /labs/delwiche/bsci348s/lec/Deinococcus.html (157 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| The single-stranded DNA-binding protein of Deinococcus radiodurans
		Deinococcus radiodurans R1 is one of the most radiation-resistant organisms known and is able to repair an unusually large amount of DNA damage without induced mutation.
		Deinococcus radiodurans R1, a tetrad-forming gram positive soil bacterium, is among the most radiation resistant organisms known [1].
		radiodurans SSB protein is consistent with and reinforces the close phylogenetic relationship between Deinococcus and bacteria of the Thermus group of extremophiles [2,4-6].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2180/4/2 (5564 words)

	Conan the Bacterium
		"Radiodurans' beginnings are thought to be from early Earth," Richmond said, and paralleled a time when the environment may have also approximated that existing on Mars for a few hundred million years.
		radiodurans, though, is hypothesized by Daly to resist such damage by virtue of repair specialized to utilize its redundant strands of DNA.
		Radiodurans next might be drafted as a Seabee (Navy Construction Battalion, or C.B.) as humans set up camps and even homesteads on Mars.
	www.spacer.com /news/life-99l.html (2046 words)

	Deinococcus radiodurans
		radiodurans, a few of the most noteworthy include an extreme resistance to genotoxic chemicals, oxidative damage, high levels of ionizing and ultraviolet radiation, and dehydration.
		To conclude, Deinococcus radiodurans is not just another microorganism to be quickly classified and overlooked.
		Indeed, Deinococcus radiodurans have made a significant contribution to the field of microorganisms and have also provided many practical uses for society today.
	web.umr.edu /~microbio/BIO221_2000/Deinococcus_radiodurans.html (958 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Deinococcus (Micrococcus) radiodurans strain R1 (ATCC BAA-816) was first reported in 1956 by A. Anderson and coworkers of the Oregon Agricultural Experimental Station, Corvalis, Oregon.
		This obligate aerobic bacterium typically grows in rich medium as clusters of two cells (diplococci) in the early stages of growth, and as clusters of four cells (tetracocci) in the late stages of growth, is non-pathogenic, and best known for its ability to survive extremely high doses of acute ionizing radiation (10,000 Gy) without cell-killing.
		radiodurans maintains 4-8 haploid copies of its genome per cell (16-32 genomes/tetracoccus), and the repair of irradiation-induced DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) is known to be mediated by recA-independent (single-stranded annealing) and recA-dependent homologous recombination, but no error-prone SOS response is observed.
	www.usuhs.mil /pat/deinococcus/index_20.htm (362 words)

	Humble microbe could become "The Accidental (Space) Tourist"
		radiodurans can withstand without loss of viability a dosage that is 3,000 times greater than what would kill a human.
		radiodurans a candidate for Mars pharmacists and to become "the plow that broke the plains" on Mars.
		radiodurans is far too complex a task (the human genome hasn't been completely sequenced, nor all of its 100,000+ genes decoded).
	science.nasa.gov /newhome/headlines/ast14dec99_1.htm (2252 words)

	Peptidoglycan Fine Structure of the Radiotolerant Bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans Sark -- Quintela et al. 181 (1): ...
		Peptidoglycan from Deinococcus radiodurans was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.
		In accordance with the phylogenetic proximity of Thermus and Deinococcus
		Isolation and characterization of the plasma membrane and the outer membrane of Deinococcus radiodurans strain Sark.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/181/1/334 (1500 words)

	The World’s Toughest Bacterium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Deinococcus radiodurans is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as "the world's toughest bacterium." And for good reason: The microbe can survive drought conditions, lack of nutrients, and, most important, a thousand times more radiation than a person can.
		Deinococcus radiodurans has fewer DNA repair genes than the radiation-sensitive bacterium E.
		radiodurans that are turned on when the bacterium is exposed to radiation.
	www.genomenewsnetwork.org /articles/07_02/deinococcus.shtml (1164 words)

	DOE Microbial Genome Program Report
		Deinococcus is the first representative with a completely sequenced genome from a bacterial branch of extremophilesthe Thermus-Deinococcus group.
		Additionally, Deinococcus radiodurans is an attractive candidate for bioremediation because of its unique ability to survive exceedingly high doses of ionizing radiation.
		Deinococcus radiodurans, with its exceptional radiation resistance, was once thought to grow within nuclear reactors, but further studies now suggest that the deinococci are soil microorganisms.
	www.microbialgenome.org /2000report/18abstracts.html (3261 words)

	Deinococcus radiodurans background (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The complete genome sequence of the radiation-resistant bacterium, Deinococcus radiodurans R1 is composed of two chromosomes (2,648,638 and 412,348 base pairs), a megaplasmid (177,466 base pairs), and a small plasmid (45,704 base pairs), yeilding a total genome of 3,284,156 base pairs.
		radiodurans to survive under conditions of starvation, oxidative stress, and high amounts of DNA damage were identified.
		radiodurans represents an organism in which all systems for DNA repair, DNA damage export, dessication and starvation recovery, and genetic redundancy are present in one cell.
	www.tigr.org /tdb/CMR/gdr/htmls/Background.html (99 words)

	Ribosomenstruktur: 50S Deinococcus radiodurans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans, also known as 'Conan the bacterium', has been discovered in the early 50's as a habitant of canned meat.
		Deinococcus radiodurans contains several mostly identical copies of its chromosomes, which are distributed into four separated compartments.
		This way, Deinococcus radiodurans survives a 1000 fold higher radiation dose than any other terrestrial organism.
	www.riboworld.com /50s/50index-eng.html (917 words)

	The World's Toughest Microbe
		Deinococcus radiodurans growing on agar plates in the presence of 6000 rads per hour of radiation.
		Deinococcus radiodurans is highly resistant to genotoxic chemicals, oxidative damage, high levels of ionizing and ultraviolet radiation, and desiccation; it can survive 3,000 times the radiation dose that is lethal to humans.
		The capability to survive in such extreme environments is attributed in part to a unique DNA repair system in combination with its chromosome copy number and structure.
	www.er.doe.gov /Sub/Accomplishments/Decades_Discovery/76-pf.html (388 words)

	Rediscovering Biology - Unit 1 Genomics: Animations and Images
		A depiction of the DNA repair process that Jonathon Eisen postulates might be happening in Deinococcus radiodurans after it is exposed to radiation.
		The nucleotides that are conserved in all four species are shown in the columns with an asterisk at the bottom.
		Deinococcus radiodurans is a bacterium that scientists claim is the most radiation-resistant organism on earth.
	www.learner.org /channel/courses/biology/units/genom/images.html (391 words)

	Deinococcus radiodurans Survives Extreme Radiation
		But there’s one bacterium called Deinococcus radiodurans that can live through blasts of radiation thousands of times greater than the level that would kill a human being.
		radiodurans is also amazingly able to live through long periods with absolutely no water without turning into a tiny dried-out husk.
		radiodurans is indeed the toughest of the tough in the microbial world.
	www.microbe.org /microbes/Deinococcus.asp (703 words)

	50S Ribosome Structure
		We used Deinococcus radiodurans, a Gram-positive bacteria, to determined the structure of the large ribosomal subunit (50S).
		Deinococcus radiodurans has been shown to be the most radiation resistant organism known to date.
		The crystals of the 50S ribosomal subunit from Deinococcus radiodurans reach an average size of 200x150x50µm.
	www.molgen.mpg.de /~ag_ribo/ag_franceschi/franceschi-projects-50S.html (326 words)

	Engineering Deinococcus radiodurans for metal remediation in radioactive mixed waste environments - Nature Biotechnology
		radiodurans is able to maintain, replicate, and express extremely large segments of foreign DNA, and that it will probably be able to accommodate the large number of gene cassettes required for bioremediation of complex waste mixtures.
		radiodurans strains with tandem duplications may be preferable to using amplification vectors, as tandem duplications are probably less of a burden on a cell's genome, and they can adapt to changing environmental conditions (Fig.
		Daly, M.J., Ouyang, L. and Minton, K.W. In vivo damage and recA-dependent repair of plasmid and chromosomal DNA in the radioresistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans.
	www.nature.com /cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nbt/journal/v18/n1/full/nbt0100_85.html (4589 words)

	John R. Battista
		Of the seven species that make up the Deinococcaceae, Deinococcus radiodurans has been most extensively studied, and it has been determined that the radioresistance of this species is a direct result of its ability to efficiently repair the DNA damage generated during irradiation.
		In other words, the extreme radioresistance of D. radiodurans -- and presumably the other deinococci -- appears to be the result of an evolutionary process that selected for organisms that could tolerate massive DNA damage.
		We have generated 50 ionizing radiation sensitive mutants of D. radiodurans and are in the process of isolating and characterizing the wild type gene products that restore ionizing radiation resistance to these strains.
	www.biology.lsu.edu /faculty_listings/fac_pages/jbattista.html (416 words)

	Science News: Meet the Superbug - bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans - Abstract
		Indeed, D. radiodurans faces quite a challenge when it is hit with millions of rads.
		Moreover, D. radiodurans' oxygen use and other aspects of its metabolism suggest that the bacterium evolved on the surface of the planet, not underground in radiation hot spots.
		Moreover, using chemicals that create mutations that the microbe is unable to fix, the scientists produced strains of D. radiodurans that had lost their resistance to radiation.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1200/is_24_154/ai_53487389 (1416 words)

	Reduction of Fe(III), Cr(VI), U(VI), and Tc(VII) by Deinococcus radiodurans R1 -- Fredrickson et al. 66 (5): 2006 -- ...
		Deinococcus radiodurans is an exceptionally radiation-resistant microorganism capable of surviving acute exposures to ionizing
		radiodurans that is responsible for Fe(III)-NTA and AQDS reduction,
		Radioresistance of Deinococcus radiodurans: functions necessary to survive ionizing radiation are also necessary to survive prolonged desiccation.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/66/5/2006 (4178 words)

	Induction of a Futile Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas Pathway in Deinococcus radiodurans by Mn: Possible Role of the Pentose ...
		Induction of a Futile Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas Pathway in Deinococcus radiodurans by Mn: Possible Role of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Cell Survival -- Zhang et al.
		radiodurans is known for its resistance to radiation.
		Excision of cytosine-thymine adduct from the DNA of ultraviolet-irradiated Micrococcus radiodurans.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/66/1/105 (3953 words)

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