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Topic: Dekasegi

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	Nikkei leave Brazil to meet the rising sun
		The Dekasegi, as the Brazilians of Japanese origin who emigrate to the country of their forebears are known, number about 250,000, or a quarter of the total Nikkei living in Brazil.
		Confronted with the culture of their parents and grandparents, these Dekasegi often feel more clearly Brazilian, forming a minority community in the city.
		The Brazilian identity of the Dekasegi is also evident in women's beauty contests, a tradition among the Nikkei.
	www.atimes.com /japan-econ/DC06Dh01.html (993 words)

	Dekasegi -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Dekasegi (also spelt as Dekasegui) is a term used in Latin American cultures to refer to people of (A constitutional monarchy occupying the Japanese Archipelago; a world leader in electronics and automobile manufacture and ship building) Japanese descent who have migrated to Japan, having taken advantage of Japanese citizenship and immigration laws.
		The original Japanese word dekasegi (出稼ぎ) roughly translates as "working away from home".
		This can cause annoyance to those of Japanese descent, who have come to regard Japan as their permanent home, and object to being regarded by Japanese (in Japan) as (additional info and facts about gaijin) gaijin or foreigners.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/d/de/dekasegi.htm (139 words)

	Coffee House Press: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		We were a part of this change: immigrants, migrants, exiles, tourists, dekasegi, refugees, visitors, aliens, strangers, travelers all in search of work, education, new opportunities.
		These migrant workers have been named dekasegi, a term used to refer to workers who leave their homes, usually to work in factories in distant cities, to support their families.
		Dekasegi are known to work long hours, six, even seven-day weeks, taking on overtime without holidays for months on end.
	www.coffeehousepress.org /circlekcyclesexcerpt.asp (2634 words)

	RCF - Book Reviews
		Yamashita's visually arresting book concerns the Japanese diaspora in Brazil and their migration back to Japan via a 1990 law allowing descendants of Japanese emigrants to return to their homeland in order to work.
		Estranged from one homeland by distance and the other by language and memory, dekasegi turn to one another for community and comfort in their few hours of leisure time.
		The third line is a phone sex service alluded to in the title and Maria effortlessly negotiates her wildly divergent conversations, switching from one to another in the same manner that Yamashita successfully crosses boundaries of genre.
	www.centerforbookculture.org /review/bookreviews/02_1/circle.html (299 words)

	JANM/INRP - Masato Ninomiya
		While the 80th commemoration of the Japanese immigration to Brazil was festively cerebrated in Brazil, the dekasegi phenomenon had been already started.
		In my opinion, the “dekasegi” phenomenon is one of the three greatest evens in Brazilian-Japanese history, along with “Kasato Maru” and World War II.
		Especially, since the dekasegi phenomenon is still undergoing and its effect is infinite.
	www.janm.org /projects/inrp/english/sc_nino.htm (1190 words)

	JANM/INRP - Yasuo Sakata
		In the smoldering ashes, valuable records and materials relating to posterity, with intimate details and contemporaneous feelings, the lives and activities of shosei and dekasegi laborers in the closing decades of the nineteenth century.
		A few among the seasonal dekasegi laborers, however, chose to remain in the rural town where they found initial employment, with a view toward settling down eventually in these years.
		In these urban centers, these dekasegi laborers would wait for the next call from a labor contractor or an agent who happened to be a boarding house owner or an enterprising shosei with an office in the Japanese residential section in San Francisco.
	www.janm.org /projects/inrp/english/sc_saka.htm (566 words)

	Dekasegi - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Dekasegi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Dekasegi (also spelt as Dekasegui) is a term used in Latin American cultures to refer to people of Japanese descent who have migrated to Japan, having taken advantage of Japanese citizenship and immigration laws.
		This can cause annoyance to those of Japanese descent, who have come to regard Japan as their permanent home, and object to being regarded by Japanese (in Japan) as gaijin or foreigners.
		Some Peruvians of Amerindian descent had undertaken surgery to Japanize their features and migrate to Japan.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Dekasegi.html (179 words)

	Splendid: Departments: Bookshelf: Circle K Cycles
		The Japanese community in Brazil is the largest in the world outside of Japan, and at the time of her writing, thirteen percent of that population had immigrated to Japan to work as dekasegi (migrant laborers).
		She plans all day for her future as Miss Nikkei and a world-class model, and we learn incidentally about the inability of Brazilians to purchase jeans in Japan that fit their larger, gaijin bodies, as well as learning the status of women in the Brazilian Japanese community.
		Yamashita mines the dekasegi situation for its positive aspects, such as in her discussion of relationships between dekasegi who seek to be more Japanese, more Brazilian, or who seek out Japanese partners.
	www.splendidezine.com /departments/bookshelf/bookshelf31802.html (1213 words)

	Japan Times Archives - 1999, John Guantner
		The actual brewing was (and is) done by farmers and fishermen from particularly snowy regions who would otherwise be sitting at home twiddling their oya-yubi amid the falling snow, since no farming would be possible.
		This traveling distances to find work is known as dekasegi.
		Sake brewers were not the only craftsmen to do dekasegi.
	www.sake-world.com /html/jt-1999_9.html (1138 words)

	Women & Industrialization (was Re: capitalist patriarchy) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Like their mothers and grandmothers before them in pre-Meiji times, they had routinely seen female as well as male offspring of peasant families "going out to work" (dekasegi) in a place beyond commuting distance....
		During the Edo era (1600-1867), female offspring of peasant families were sent away to labor as dekasegi workers, usually in a local village or town.
		This immediately reduced the number of mouths that had to be fed, and the girls might gain valuable skills and experience, eventually bringing in some remuneration.
	mailman.lbo-talk.org /2000/2000-September/015901.html (745 words)

	Sake World - The People
		The various toji schools are usually centered in the snowy regions of Japan, like the northern Tohoku region and Hokuriku region.
		Although the dekasegi system of travelling far from home for seasonal work was never limited to the sake brewing industry, the pay and status of sake laborers was always relatively higher than other seasonal labor jobs.
		In general, the competition for jobs in the sake industry has thus been more intense than in other industries employing dekasegi laborers.
	www.sake-world.com /html/people.html (1873 words)

	American Ethnologist - Online Book Reviews
		Perspectives on Nikkei women’s identities and the division between those from the former Ryukyuan Kingdom (Uchinanchu) and those from Japan (Naichi) are refreshing.
		Mori looks at Brazilian dekasegi; Marcelo G. Higa looks at those from Argentina.
		Masato Ninomiya reports on dekasegi children in Japanese schools.
	www.aaanet.org /aes/bkreviews/result_details.cfm?bk_id=3056 (911 words)

	AsianWeek.com: A&E: Circle K Cycles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		And yet for all of the far-reaching cultural and economic implications that Yamashita’s book has, she never loses sight of the impact these forces have on the individual.
		She focuses largely on the experience of the dekasegi in Japan, the children of Japanese immigrants to Brazil who have come to Japan seeking work.
		Yamashita, sharply critical of the ways in which global capital exploits international labor, cites a law passed by the Japanese government in 1990 that allows nisei and sansei (2nd and 3rd generation foreign-born Japanese) to gain work visas for unskilled labor.
	www.asianweek.com /2001_05_18/ae3_circlek.html (379 words)

	[No title]
		I would like to suggest to colleagues that the descriptive language regarding the dekasegi (Brazilians and Peruvians of Japanese descent now working in Japan) is complicated.
		In my view, it is misleading to term the migration of nikkei to Japan as a remigration since the immigrant generation is not returning home.
		Indeed, my very preliminary research on internal and external images of the nikkei community from a historical perspective, suggests that the dekasegi movement is as much one of culture (feeling an outsider in Brazil) as it is of wage differentials.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /gateways/migration/threads/history/disc-braziljapanA95.html (1741 words)

	DeRLAS Vol. 5 No. 2 Locklin
		Dekasegui is the Spanish spelling of the Japanese term dekasegi, which originally referred to migrant labor.
		Among Nikkei it has come to be used to refer to both the phenomenon of migration to Japan and to the migrant workers themselves (Higa [Oshiro] 258, Fukumoto 387, Hirabayashi, Kikumura-Yano, and Hirabayashi, New Worldsxv).
		The Peruvian dekasegui in Japan, participants in the global movement of labor and capital, want to learn the lesson of a transnational community, even when it does not necessarily follow logically from the experiences they narrate.
	www.udel.edu /LASP/Vol5-2Locklin.html (7812 words)

	Migration News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Brazilian-Japanese are the third largest group of foreigners, after Koreans and Chinese.
		Brazilian-Japanese are called dekasegi, a word that originally referred to sojourners from remote regions in Japan who left their homes to work in urban factories.
		Many of the dekasegi are well educated, but most work in factories in Japan; a dentist who reported earning $15,000 a year in Brazil expected to earn $30,000 a year in an auto parts factory in Japan.
	migration.ucdavis.edu /mn/comments.php?id=1961_0_3_0 (398 words)

	Ties Talk Archive > About Nikkei-jin > Question About Careers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It could open up its immigration policy to allow more foreigners to enter the country and stay, and so become a more multiethnic society, or it could restructure and downsize the economy.
		Brazil used to be the most populous nation in terms of Nikkeijin, but since a whopping 233,254 have gone to Japan for work, the USA has taken the lead.
		> magnitude of dekasegi emigration from Peru and Brazil:
	runker_room.tripod.com /tiestalk/careers.htm (3775 words)

	Table of contents for Library of Congress control number 2001008166 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Japanese-Brazilian Dekasegi Phenomenon: An Economic Perspective EDSON MORI 15.
		The Dekasegi Phenomenon and the Education of Japanese Brazilian Children in Japanese Schools MASATO NINOMIYA 16.
		The Emigration of Argentines of Japanese Descent to Japan MARCELO G. The Nikkei Negotiation of Minority/Majority Dynamics in Peru and the United States STEVEN MASAMI ROPP 18.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/fy031/2001008166.html (456 words)

	Danchi History Summary
		However, the situation in Japan never approximated the slum conditions of industrializing urban areas in America and Europe due to the nature of labor migration.
		Most early factory workers lived in dormitory-like accommodations, established by factories for dekasegi rodo—young people (especially women) brought for a contracted term to live in the cities but to return to the rural areas after a fixed period, with their wages sent home to the countryside, and their housing and food provided by the employers.
		Thus a permanent urban working class was slow to form in Japan, compared to the earlier industrializing nations.
	www.bookrags.com /history/worldhistory/danchi-ema-02 (758 words)

	UHMTueSemS2005
		Japan sent plantation immigrants on a regular basis from 1885 until 1924; as a result, over 200,000 immigrants came to Hawai'i.
		Many Japanese migrated as dekasegi imin or temporary immigrant workers at then booming sugar plantations; however, ended up settling in Hawai¡'i as permanent residents.
		As a result, Japanese laborers had formed the largest ethnic group for decades in Hawai¡'i and they still affect demographic distributions today.
	www.ling.hawaii.edu /UHMTueSem/TuesdayS2005/UHMTueSemS2005-11.html (249 words)

	The genetic future of mankind 人間遺伝子の将来
		The difference between living standards has made two groups; so called Northern countries and Southern countries, or rather, developed and developing countries.
		People in a country where per capita national income are so low are eager to get a job in affluent countries; the internationalization of 'Dekasegi!, the practice of Japanese peasants seasonally working in urban areas in search of higher pay.
		This large scale emigration may lead to hosts of chaos, urban slums, crimes and numerous social problems derived from racial conflicts, but somehow these people must be ultimately assimilated in the society in which they are to settle down.
	nishidam1.web.infoseek.co.jp /essay_15.htm (895 words)

	More Information
		Japanese immigrants in Brazil Analysis of the integration of Japanese migrants into Brazilian society Attitudes towards the receiving country The receiving country Concluding remarks 3.
		From Dekasegi Imin to Nikkeijin Migration and ethnicity: theoretical considerations The first period: isolation and ethnic enclaves The second period: The construction of Nikkeijin identity The Nikkeijin A Multiplicity of Nikkeijin Conclusion
		The Dekasegi (migrants) Labour shortages, legislation and foreign workers The Dekasegi Coming Home Prospects for settlement 5.
	www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk /html/moreinfo.asp?etailerid=19&bookId=536893881 (423 words)

	Rafael Shoji Book Review of Daniela de Carvalho- JGB Volume 6
		Based on the criterion of "blood" (ethnicity), the Japanese government allowed the Nikkeijin to legally work in Japan, mainly in difficult industrial jobs.
		In Brazil they are called Dekasegi, echoing the epithet of their ancestors, but in reverse.
		The most recent data (1998) shows the number of Nikkeijin residents in Japan is 274,691, of whom around eighty-one percent are Brazilian.
	www.globalbuddhism.org /6/shoji05.htm (1489 words)

	Latin American Politics and Society: Japan's economic presence in Latin America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Hosono closes by discussing the Asian financial crisis and recent economic reforms that Japan had to undergo.
		Laudomier notes that the term dekasegi was used to describe Japanese peasants who temporarily abandoned their place of origin in search of work in other regions.
		Since the end of the 1980s, however, the term has referred to the so-called reverse migration of people of Japanese descent (nikkei) back to Japan to work.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4000/is_200107/ai_n8972128 (1344 words)

	SG/3035 Urban Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		To what extent can personnel transfers be said to have a distinctive geography of their own?
		Define and explain the significance of any TWO of the following terms for our understanding of Japanese migration patterns during the rapid growth era: (i) dekasegi, (ii) kaso, and (iii) "population U-turn phenomenon".
		Yoshihisa Fujita, "Changes in Mountain Villages and Policies for the Development of Mountain Areas in Japan".
	www.btinternet.com /~richard.wiltshire/sg3035/week3.htm (288 words)

	Living JA - Japanese American Website Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Japanese American National Museum: Has exhibits on Japanese American history, with an emphasis on the wartime period.
		Connecticut College: web pages on Nikkei dekasegi in Japan.
		A very interesting series of pages on the lives and culture of dekasegi from Peru and Brazil in Japan.
	www.janet.org /~livingja/links.html (288 words)

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