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Topic: Deliberative bodies

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	Office of Academic Affairs
		The Faculty Senate is a governance body representing the faculty of the university and is constituted as provided in the Faculty Senate's Constitution and Bylaws.
		The Faculty Senate is the representative body of the faculty.
		The Student Senate is a governance body representing the students of the university and is constituted as provided in the Student Senate's Constitution.
	www.odu.edu /ao/facultyhandbook/index.php?page=ch01s07.html (341 words)

	Australian Tertiary Education
		The university’s senior academic deliberative body - normally called the academic board or senate - is formally responsible for the admission of students, assessment, recommending on program requirements and the award of degrees and university prizes and academic matters in general.
		Most senior academic deliberative bodies are established by the university’s subordinate legislation and a few are established by their universities’ Acts, so there is some substance to their claims of power independent of the governing body.
		Bodies’ roles are shaped by the university’s tradition and culture and by the attitudes of the vice chancellor, chair of the body, its members and the university community generally.
	www.gu.edu.au /text/vc/ate/content_univ_ab.html (364 words)

	Australian Tertiary Education
		The university’s senior academic deliberative body - normally called the academic board or senate - is formally responsible for the admission of students, assessment, recommending on program requirements and the award of degrees and university prizes and academic matters in general.
		Most senior academic deliberative bodies are established by the university’s subordinate legislation and a few are established by their universities’ Acts, so there is some substance to their claims of power independent of the governing body.
		Bodies’ roles are shaped by the university’s tradition and culture and by the attitudes of the vice chancellor, chair of the body, its members and the university community generally.
	www.griffith.edu.au /vc/ate/content_univ_ab.html (364 words)

	Usual Suspects: Essay #11, Part 1
		Even today within deliberative bodies consensus type motions and chair's rulings to adopt by consensus or acclamation; or suspend the rules of voting are considered to be among the most dangerous, and their use is hedged about with a number of special safeguards which do not apply to other motions.
		The entire existing structure of local deliberative bodies that bear on land at the county and regional level have conflicts of interest woven into their warp and woof.
		We have seen with long established rural deliberative processes like economic development commissions, planning bodies, soil conservation districts, and grazing boards, that not only are personal pecuniary interests allowed into the deliberations, they are often the basis upon which these bodies were established in the first place.
	www.britell.com /use/use11.html (1898 words)

	Deliberative Democracy - P2P Foundation
		Deliberative democracy strengthens citizen voices in governance by including people of all races, classes, ages and geographies in deliberations that directly affect public decisions.
		Working in groups as small as ten or twelve to larger groups of 3,000 or more, deliberative democracy simply requires that representative groups of ordinary citizens have access to balanced and accurate information, sufficient time to explore the intricacies of issues through discussion, and their conculsions are connected to the governing process.
		In the deliberative opinion poll, a statistically representative sample of the nation or a community is gathered to discuss an issue in conditions that further deliberation.
	p2pfoundation.net /Deliberative_Democracy (1433 words)

	Deliberative Democracy
		The bodies in the reforms below are not merely advisory bodies, but rather creatures of a transformed state endowed with substantial public authority to act on the results of their deliberation.
		These deliberative channels ask citizens to generate public goods which are broadly shared, and so many will be tempted to free-ride on the efforts of others to build effective workplace training programs, make their neighborhoods safe, or generate a wise set of municipal budget priorities.
		In general it would be expected that when people enter such deliberative processes they have a better sense of their basic goals than they do of the best means for accomplishing their goals, and thus much of the deliberative process concerns problem-solving discussions over alternative courses of action.
	www.internationalbudget.org /cdrom/papers/systems/ParticipatoryBudgets/DeliberativeDemocracy.htm (12311 words)

	Usual Suspects: Essay #11, Part 1
		Even today within deliberative bodies consensus type motions and chair's rulings to adopt by consensus or acclamation; or suspend the rules of voting are considered to be among the most dangerous, and their use is hedged about with a number of special safeguards which do not apply to other motions.
		The entire existing structure of local deliberative bodies that bear on land at the county and regional level have conflicts of interest woven into their warp and woof.
		We have seen with long established rural deliberative processes like economic development commissions, planning bodies, soil conservation districts, and grazing boards, that not only are personal pecuniary interests allowed into the deliberations, they are often the basis upon which these bodies were established in the first place.
	britell.com /use/use11.html (1898 words)

	Deliberative bodies (from Iran) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The small bodies populate the solar system in vast numbers and include the rocky asteroids, or minor planets, the predominantly icy comets, and the fragments of these bodies—commonly called meteoroids—over a continuum of sizes down to microscopic grains known as...
		The body of an automobile encloses or partly encloses the vehicle's mechanical parts and the driver and passengers.
		Sometimes, however, the body is integrated with the frame as a solid unit.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-230057 (848 words)

	Directly Deliberative Polyarchy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Ideally, then, directly deliberative polyarchy combines the advantages of local learning and self-government with the advantages (and discipline) of wider social learning and heightened political accountability that result when the outcomes of many concurrent experiments are pooled to permit public scrutiny of the effectiveness of strategies and leaders.
		Put otherwise, in deliberative decision-making, decisions are to be supported by reasons acceptable to others in the polity of decision makers; the mere fact that decisions are supported by a majority of citizens, deciding on the basis of their interests, does not suffice to show that the decisions are democratically authorized.
		Though deliberative justifiability itself is important, it must be aimed at to be achieved; that is, it will not in general be true that results achieved through a process of exchange or bargaining, or outcomes that reflect a balance of power, will be defensible by reasons of an appropriate kind.
	www2.law.columbia.edu /sabel/papers/DDP.html (12117 words)

	Robert's Rules of Order Revised - XI
		The quorum of a body of delegates, unless the by-laws provide for a smaller quorum, is a majority of the number enrolled as attending the convention, not those appointed.
		Their power is delegated to them as a body, and their quorum, or what number shall be present, in order that they may act as a board or committee, cannot be determined by them, unless so provided in the by-laws.
		The duties of the presiding and recording officers of a deliberative assembly are defined in 58 and 59.
	www.constitution.org /rror/rror-11.htm (4174 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Deliberative
		Deliberative council in the city-states of ancient Greece.
		(hist.) deliberative assembly XI; court held in Guidhall, London XII (sg.; from XV pl.); †platform in Guildhall on which the members sat XVII; platform from which nomination of candidates for election to parliament was made, (hence) the election itself XVIII.
		Deliberative democracy and campaign finance reform.(response to article by Christopher H. Schroeder in this issue, p.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Deliberative (774 words)

	Is Congregationalism a Democracy? - 9Marks
		It is the gathered local assembly that is the final court of appeal, not the pastor or the elders, and not a deliberative body outside or above the local church.
		This idea often comes to fruition in the establishment of two deliberative bodies in the church – the elders and the deacons, or the deacons and the committees, or the elders and the committees, or the elders and the congregation, or another parallel structure.
		Multiple deliberative bodies in the church only serve to complicate the decision-making process and breed disunity.
	9marks.org /partner/Article_Display_Page/0,,PTID314526\|CHID598014\|CIID2008886,00.html (1465 words)

	Experiments in Deliberative Democracy:
		It entails the administrative and political devolution of power to local action units--such as neighborhood councils, personnel in individual workplaces, and delineated eco-system habitats--charged with devising and implementing solutions and held accountable to performance criteria.
		Though deliberative processes, these stakeholders have developed sophisticated management plans that set out explicit numerical goals, measures to achieve those goals, monitoring regimes that assess plan effectiveness through time, and adaptive management provisions to incorporate new scientific information and respond to unforeseen events.
		For deliberative democracy to work in real-world settings with ordinary people, it must be able to involve individuals with relatively little experience or skills in the practices of democratic deliberation.
	www.ssc.wisc.edu /~wright/deliberative.html (12311 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Knowledge and Diplomacy: Science Advice in the United Nations System (2002)
		The chief executives of the governing bodies of the UN system would be greatly assisted in their strategic and operational responsibilities by having such science advisers as a part of their senior executive staffs.
		These bodies include the governing bodies of specialized agencies and the governing bodies of specially convened international meetings, such as the World Summit on the Information Society to be held in 2003 and 2005 in Geneva and Tunis, respectively.
		Other deliberative bodies could benefit from similar scientific and policy assessments that were undertaken on a periodic basis.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309084903/html/57.html (3355 words)

	The Co-Intelligence Institute
		A Citizen Deliberative Council (CDC) is a temporary council of citizens convened to deliberate about public concerns (either about a specific issue or the general state of the community and its future) and to provide guidance for officials and the public.
		Citizen Deliberative Councils are liberating latent and previously untapped levels of collective intelligence within civil society and applying that intelligence to the formulation of public policy around the globe.
		The growth of their inquiries and work is reflected in the fact that Google.com's listings for "deliberative democracy," "citizens juries," and "citizen deliberation" doubled in the year and a half between June 2002 and December 2003.
	www.co-intelligence.org /P-CDCs.html (2114 words)

	Bambooweb: Deliberative body
		A deliberative body (or deliberative assembly) is an organization which collectively makes decisions after debate and discussion.
		Examples of deliberative bodies include legislatures, boards of directors, or administrative bodies.
		Typically a decision by the body is made by means of a vote on a motion or resolution, following debate and possibly amendment, conducted in accordance with customary or adopted parliamentary procedure (see rules of order).
	www.bambooweb.com /articles/d/e/Deliberative_body.html (78 words)

	Reed's Parliamentary Rules
		Whatever concerns large bodies of men, and is thought over by large numbers of intelligent people, gets infiltrated with the common sense of the many and becomes adapted to their wants and needs.
		In bodies constituted by law, that chaotic moment when the assembly meets and does not yet know its membership has been fraught with so much disorder, confusion, and discord that there is usually some method pointed out by statute for the preliminary examination of credentials.
		Assemblies Which Require a Majority.— Where the body is a representative one, performing the functions of government for a constituency, or a financial one, managing the business of the corporation which selected it, the quorum is a majority, and can neither be increased nor diminished by the vote of the body.
	www.leg.wa.gov /legis/reedsrules/reeds.htm (19922 words)

	McLaughlin - The Virtues of Deliberation: A Response to "Public Participation in ICANN"
		Given the primarily (though, to be sure, not exclusively) technical nature of its responsibilities, the ICANN model instead seeks to foster a reasonable and legitimate policymaking process that is open, transparent, and available to all, but structured to achieve consensus through dialogue and deliberation among informed stakeholders.
		The ICANN Board acts not as a legislative body that cooks up policies on its own initiative, but as the overseer of this deliberative, bottom-up, consensus-based policy-development process that takes place primarily in the Supporting Organizations.
		By "deliberative", I mean that ICANN's general architecture of Supporting Organizations, advisory committees, task forces, public meetings, and inter-organizational liaisons is intended to force stakeholders from across the Internet, functionally- and geographically-speaking, to engage each other in informed dialogue about pending policy issues.
	cyber.law.harvard.edu /mclaughlin/mclaughlin-response-publicparticipation.html (3442 words)

	ipedia.com: Deliberative body Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A deliberative body is an organization which collectively makes decisions after debate and discussion.
		Examples of deliberative bodies include legislatures, boards of directors, or administrative bodies.
		Typically a decision by the body is made by means of a vote on a motion or resolution, following debate and possibly amendment, conducted in accordance with customary or adopted parliamentary procedure (see rules of order).
	www.ipedia.com /deliberative_body.html (135 words)

	Commentary Magazine - "Nine Deliberative Bodies": A Profile of the Warren Court (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		...Unlike the rest of"NINE DELIBERATIVE BODIES" 403 the majority, which decided the case on narrow grounds and conceded in its argument the municipality's right to censor obscene publications, Black flatly rejected the idea that the free speech guarantee of the First Amendment does not embrace obscenity...
		...Today it has become apparent that the Supreme Court not only functions as nine deliberative bodies, but that it is nine tribunals in one: an aggregation of nine appellate judges bound together only in the formal sense that, in most instances, at least five of them must agree on a particular result...
		...Each one is truly his own deliberative body-appointed for life, responsible only to his conscience, and free to decide in the way he believes most appropriate-and the remarkable aspect of the Justices' activity is the success they achieve in being a vital agency of American government...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V32I5P37-1.htm (4853 words)

	Coles v. Cleveland Board of Education (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The "adult atmosphere" present at school board meetings, coupled with the fact that the "board is an elected body consisting of adults conducting public business in public meetings," led the district court to conclude that prayers at school board meetings should be treated like those delivered at legislative sessions.
		He would hold that Marsh's reference to "other deliberative public bodies" means that all deliberative public bodies may open their meetings with the recitation of a prayer.
		Instead, the Court concluded that because the practice of beginning legislative sessions and "other deliberative public bodies" with a prayer is one that existed at the time the First Amendment was drafted, it cannot possibly be the kind of religious practice that the Establishment Clause was designed to guard against.
	lw.bna.com /lw/19990330/973082.htm (9390 words)

	:: Deliberative Democracy Consortium ::
		And until recently, the civic researchers and practitioners were segregated by their professional backgrounds and their attachments to particular models for deliberation.
		Overall, the people who are pioneering deliberative democracy are isolated from one another geographically and professionally, making it difficult for them to learn from each other or feel like they are part of a larger change.
		DELIBERATIVE POLLING IN Two recent applications of the Deliberative Poll technique pioneered by Professor James Fishkin of Stanford University have been made in Omagh, Northern Ireland and Regione Lazio in Italy.
	www.deliberative-democracy.net /deliberation (705 words)

	Debate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Debate is a common process in deliberative bodies such as parliaments, legislative assemblies, and meetings of all sorts.
		The national circuit is based more on the argumentation itself (known as "the flow") and hard evidence (called "cards"), while local circuits usually focus on rhetoric and encourage a more holistic approach to the topic.
		Moot court (simulating appellate advocacy) and Mock trial (usually simulating criminal trials) competitions for law school, undergraduate, and (in some regions) high school students are held throughout the United States.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Debate (2554 words)

	Untitled Document
		To invoke divine guidance on a public body entrusted with making the laws is not, in these circumstances, an “establishment” of religion or a step toward establishment; it is simply a tolerable acknowledgment of beliefs widely held among the people of this country.
		This strategy would have steered the court and legislative bodies away from analyzing prayers for their tendencies to “advance” or “proselytize” and would keep legislative bodies away from the free-exercise questions that invariably are implicated by such a limitation.
		Although it avoids the task of determining when a prayer “advances” or “proselytizes” a certain religion, it saddles courts and legislative or deliberative bodies with the task of determining when a prayer is really a prayer.
	ncinfo.iog.unc.edu /pubs/electronicversions/slb/slb99fl1.htm (5313 words)

	Robert's Rules of Order Revised - VIII
		Voting by ballot is rarely, if ever, used in legislative bodies, but in ordinary societies, especially secret ones, it is habitually used in connection with elections and trials, and sometimes for the selection of the next place for the meeting of a convention.
		It is unknown to a strictly deliberative assembly, and is in conflict with the idea of the equality of members, which is a fundamental principle of deliberative assemblies.
		In representative bodies this method of voting is very useful, especially where the proceedings are published, as it enables the people to know how their representatives voted on important measures.
	www.constitution.org /rror/rror-08.htm (3808 words)

	Robert's Rules of Order Revised - XIII
		Many of our deliberative assemblies are ecclesiastical bodies, and it is important to know how much respect will be paid to their decisions by the civil courts.
		In acting upon the case, it must be borne in mind that there is a vast distinction between the evidence necessary to convict in a civil court and that required to convict in an ordinary society or ecclesiastical body.
		The moral conviction of the truth of the charge is all that is necessary in an ecclesiastical or other deliberative body to find the accused guilty of the charges.
	www.constitution.org /rror/rror-13.htm (1455 words)

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