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Topic: Delocalised

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	CONK! Encyclopedia: Metallic_bond (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Delocalised electrons are often refered to as a 'Sea of Electrons'.
		Metallic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between the ions and the delocalised electrons.
		Metallic bonding, as with covalent bonding is non-polar, in that there is no (for pure elemental metals) or very little (for alloys) electronegativity difference among the atoms participating in the bonding interaction, and the electrons involved in that interaction are delocalized across the crystalline structure of the metal.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Metallic_bond (138 words)

	Delocalised Double Bonds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Delocalised double bonds are used in the CSD to describe the bonding in some delocalised structures.
		Unfortunately, the CSD is often inconsistent in its use of delocalised double bonds.
		Thus, the safest way to conduct a search for acetylacetonato complexes is to use a variable bond type when drawing the substructure, allowing the acetylacetonato bonds to be single, double or delocalised-double.
	www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk /support/documentation/conquest/ConQuest_17-1-264.html (153 words)

	BBC - 16+ SOS Teacher - Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry periodicity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Is this because the delocalised electrons get further from the nuclues (which have the same charge) and so are attracted less.
		Or, is it because as the size increases and there are the same no. of delocalised electrons as the same glue is trying to stick larger bricks together, the sttratcion is less strong?.
		The number of delocalised electrons doesn’t change and so this change in melting points must be due to changes in the positive metal ion.
	212.58.224.55 /schools/16/sosteacher/chemistry/49488.shtml (427 words)

	Reactions of Arenes
		Addition reaction of benzene are very difficult to achieve, mainly due to the stabilisation effect of the delocalised electrons.
		Benzene is classified as aromatic because of the delocalised system of electrons around the benzene ring.
		Draw a diagram to represent the delocalised structure of benzene.
	www.webchem.net /notes/A2/crs/reacts_arenes.htm (323 words)

	StainsFile - Structure and Colour in Dyes
		The point of this is that conjugated systems have partially delocalised electrons, and the energy in these delocalised electrons can impact on the energy of the delocalised electrons of the parent aromatic compound by extending the number of electrons involved in the system and the energy needed to keep the whole system in place.
		The attachment of configurations which add delocalised electrons to the system at one point, and the attachment of configurations which extend the atoms involved in the delocalisation at the other, causes very dramatic shifts in the wavelengths which these compounds absorb.
		Also, the delocalised electrons may be shared by more atoms than those in the original structure, by adding in to the delocalised system the atoms in the chromophore and any modifiers that may be present.
	stainsfile.info /StainsFile/dyes/dyecolor.htm (2800 words)

	bonding in benzene - sp2 hybridisation and delocalisation
		In common with the great majority of descriptions of the bonding in benzene, we are only going to show one of these delocalised molecular orbitals for simplicity.
		The two delocalised electrons can be found anywhere within those rings.
		The other four delocalised electrons live in two similar (but not identical) molecular orbitals.
	www.chemguide.co.uk /basicorg/bonding/benzene2.html (877 words)

	What is electrophilic substitution?
		Benzene is represented by this symbol, where the circle represents the delocalised electrons, and each corner of the hexagon has a carbon atom with a hydrogen attached.
		Because of the delocalised electrons exposed above and below the plane of the rest of the molecule, benzene is obviously going to be highly attractive to electrophiles - species which seek after electron rich areas in other molecules.
		The delocalised electrons above and below the plane of the benzene molecule are open to attack in the same way as those above and below the plane of an ethene molecule.
	www.chemguide.co.uk /mechanisms/elsub/whatis.html (896 words)

	Chemical Bonding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Delocalised valence electrons moving between nuclei generate a binding force to hold the atoms together.
		A Large amount of thermal energy is required to overcome the strong electrical forces between the positive ions and the delocalised electrons.
		Delocalised electrons transmit the energy of vibrations of 1 positive ion to its neighbours.
	users.senet.com.au /~rowanb/chem/chembond.htm (998 words)

	Nuclear fusion - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Solar neutrinos are a different type of radiation emitted by the nuclear reactions in stars.
		Electrons and positrons (anti-electrons) are delocalised because the matter in stars is a plasma.
		These leptons may also be considered a form of solar radiation, but they do not travel far from the solar body.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Nuclear_fusion (2315 words)

	What is a delocalized electron? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Delocalised electrons are spread across more than one atom.
		Usually electrons in materials are bound to one atom, and atoms are held together by the interactions of the charges on different atoms.
		In metals, electrons are delocalised over the whole crystal structure, and carry currents - the outer electrons of the metal atoms are shared in an electron sea, and are not confined to particular atoms.
	www.physlink.com /education/askexperts/ae241.cfm (179 words)

	-=- BritishAmerican Business 2003 \| Practical Advice -=-
		Indeed, just as arbitration aficionados talk of a “delocalised international arbitration bar”, it is not too farfetched to say that the rules and administration processes of the major international arbitration associations come as close as possible to international commercial law and procedure.
		While the “delocalised international arbitration” bar may inhabit the departure lounges and first class cabins of the world’s favourite airlines, it would be a mistake to ignore how important it is to have access to experienced, locallybased arbitration lawyers if international arbitration is to be effective.
		In such a globalised environment, the need for rapid access to the best dispute resolution lawyers familiar with their domestic arbitration laws and the rules and procedure of the leading international arbitration associations should not be overlooked in favour of the “delocalised international arbitration bar”.
	www.british-american-business.com /2003/magazine/pages/044.htm (833 words)

	Benzene -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This means that instead of being tied to one atom of carbon, each electron is shared by all six in the ring.
		To reflect the delocalised nature of the bonding, benzene may be depicted as a circle inside a hexagon in chemical structure diagrams:
		As is common in diagrams of molecular structures, the carbon atoms in the diagram above have been left unlabeled.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/be/benzene.htm (2734 words)

	Steel for many purposes. Metallic bonds. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		These are created when at least one electron from each atom becomes delocalised forming a cloud of electrons.
		We say that they are delocalised because they are not restricted to one part of the metal lattice.
		The peas represent the positive metal ions and the candy floss represents the cloud of delocalised electrons.
	www.schoolscience.co.uk /content/5/chemistry/steel/steelch1pg1.html (482 words)

	Electric circuits \|\| A battery (cell)
		These electrons join the delocalised electrons in metal end 1.
		This gives a higher number of delocalised electrons in the metal end than normal - a higher concentration.
		This gives a lower number of delocalised electrons in the metal end than normal - a lower concentration.
	www.dur.ac.uk /p.m.johnson/electric_circuits/02_battery.htm (383 words)

	Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The geometry around a carbon atom involved in a double bond and two single bonds is trigonal planar or triangular planar.
		The high stability of benzene and other aromatic compounds is due to the delocalisation of the double bonds (more exactly due to the delocalisation of pi-electrons associated with the double bonds).
		The word aromatic is used to describe any system that is stabilized by a ring containing delocalised conjugated double bonds.
	workworld.com.au /~fairsci/chemistry/yr12/arom.htm (301 words)

	Benzene and Arenes Answers
		Definition: Delocalised electron systems in organic molecules involve p bonds with all the carbon (or other) atoms in the system in a single plane and in which overlap of p orbitals extends over a significant number of carbon atoms.
		The bond length of C-C bonds in benzene was someway between that of an alkane and an alkene.
		So if three double bonds are present – as in benzene, then the comparable reaction should liberate 3 times that of cyclohexane.
	www.webchem.net /notes/A2/crs/arene_benzene_answers.htm (281 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		is the strong electrical attraction between the 'sea' of delocalised electrons and the positive ions, which they surround.
		Mobile delocalised electrons are able to carry current through the metal and also transfer energy.
		A large amount of thermal energy is required to overcome the strong electrical attractions between the positive ions and the delocalised electrons.
	www.terrace.qld.edu.au /academic/chemistry/metallicbonding.htm (133 words)

	The HDLC Optimiser (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Z-matrix, natural internal coordinates, delocalised internal coordinates), the delocalised internal coordinates are most decoupled from each other since they are a non-redundant set of linear combinations of a set of coupled, redundant primitive internal coordinates such that the spectroscopic G matrix becomes diagonal.
		Since the CPU requirements of the diagonalisation of the G matrix scales as the number of atoms cubed, the system can be split up into residues within which the internal coordinates are defined and delocalised.
		The atoms whose position is to be represented using HDLC must be explicitly assigned to a residue.
	www.cse.clrc.ac.uk /qcg/chemshell/manual/hdlcopt.html (2134 words)

	main (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A 'sea' of delocalised electrons moving randomly through a lattice of positive atomic kernels is typical of any metal crystal lattice
		Shine is due to the delocalised electrons on the surface of the lattice being able to reflect light back into a person's eyes.
		Heat: Due to mobility of delocalised electrons, energy is able to be transferred through the metallic crystal lattice
	www.cybcity.com /lcjh5888/ebonding/metallic.html (214 words)

	Structure and Bonding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The delocalised electrons repel each other, keeping the sheets at a fair distance, and allowing them to slide over one another.
		These delocalised electrons also allow it to conduct both heat and electricity, as they can move with the flow of an electric current, and also conduct vibrations along themselves as they bump into one another.
		Group 1 metals, having only one electron in their outer shell, have less delocalised electrons per size of atom, especially lower down in the group.
	www-jcsu.jesus.cam.ac.uk /~rpc25/notes/chemistry/structureandbonding/chem1_3.html (3178 words)

	Delocalised (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In chemical compounds, delocalised electronsthat do not belong strictly to a covanlent bond or single atom, but moves more freely between the parts of the compound.
		One particular example is the benzene ring, where the central ring of carbon atomsleaves three electrons delocalised.
		This is presented either by drawing oscillating double bonds, or simply marking a circle inthe benzene ring.
	www.therfcc.org /delocalised-123903.html (77 words)

	Electric circuits \|\| Metallic bonding
		In our earlier work on structure and bonding, we saw how we can consider a piece of metal as a collection of ‘atom cores’ surrounded by delocalised outer electrons.
		The delocalised electrons are moving randomly, from place to place.
		In other words, the concentration of delocalised electrons will be the same all over the lump.
	www.dur.ac.uk /p.m.johnson/electric_circuits/01_metallic_bonding.htm (196 words)

	Localisation of protein kinase A in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The localisation of these proteins is not significantly altered under stress or other adverse growth conditions with the notable exception that Bcy1 is delocalised in cells approaching stationary phase.
		These results together indicate that the inactive tetramer of PKA is present in the nucleus (in sharp contrast compared with the situation in mammalian cells) and that by activating the kinase with cAMP, Tpk1 becomes delocalised.
		Moreover, this region becomes phosporylated when cells are in stationary phase raising the intriguing possibility that the localisation of Bcy1 is regulated through modification of this domain.
	www.yeastgenome.org /community/meetings/yeast98/abshtml/104.html (287 words)

	[No title]
		The reason that the interaction can be spread over both oxygen atoms of the carboxylate and/or two nitrogen centres of the arginine guanidinium group is explained by resonance, or delocalisation.
		Put the delocalised carboxylate next to the delocalised guanidinium group, and you find that the 'salt bridge' can involve both oxygens and two nitrogen centres.
		Additionally, there are a number of possible interactions involving fewer interacting atoms, for instance with a single interaction between one of the oxygen atoms and one of the nitrogen centres.
	www.vuw.ac.nz /staff/paul_teesdale-spittle/essentials/chapter-2/more_fig24.htm (345 words)

	Solids (1) (Key facts 84-94)
		The particles in ___ are positive ions and delocalised electrons.
		Before a solid melts, the ___ holding its particles in fixed positions must be overcome.
		The particles in metals are ___ ions and delocalised electrons.
	www.pearsoned.co.nz /elearning/wignall_chemistry2/2-4struc/F84-94.htm (209 words)

	Buckminsterfullerene
		tability of fullerenes come from the giant delocalised electron system which, in the case of the C60, contains twelve pentagonal and twenty hexagonal rings, but no pentagonal will share a side (an effect known as the isolated pentagon rule).
		The excess energy of *C60 can also be dissipated as heat or emitted as a photon, which makes it a fluorescent material.
		The chemistry of the C60 molecule is much more similar to the chemistry of alkenes, despite of its large delocalised system, for example, it is easy to hydrogenate C60.
	www.coursework.info /i/8567.html (395 words)

	metallic bonding
		The metal is held together by the strong forces of attraction between the positive nuclei and the delocalised electrons.
		Both of these electrons become delocalised, so the "sea" has twice the electron density as it does in sodium.
		Magnesium atoms have a slightly smaller radius than sodium atoms, and so the delocalised electrons are closer to the nuclei.
	www.chemguide.co.uk /atoms/bonding/metallic.html (629 words)

	Delocalised Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Looking For delocalised - Find delocalised and more at Lycos Search.
		Find delocalised - Your relevant result is a click away!
		In chemistry, delocalized electrons are electrons in a molecule that do not belong to a single atom or a covalent bond.
	www.karr.net /encyclopedia/Delocalised (431 words)

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