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Topic: Delocalization

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Double bond

Molecular orbital

Benzene ring

Benzene

Alcohol

Razi

	Galley, William Claude (1967-02-01) Triplet energy delocalization in polynucleotide-acridine complexes. ...
		Galley, William Claude (1967-02-01) Triplet energy delocalization in polynucleotide-acridine complexes.
		The polymer to dye dependence of the base to dye transfer efficiency indicates that triplet energy is delocalized in native DNA and adenine polynucleotides.
		Kinetic studies provide evidence that the pathlength for triplet energy transfer in native DNA is determined by trapping within the polymer rather than by diffusion.
	etd.caltech.edu /etd/available/etd-09172002-162743 (228 words)

	Access of Private Parties to International Dispute Settlement: A Comparative Analysis - Part II: Diplomatic Protection ...
		Delocalization may also apply to disputes between private parties of different nationality, where a certain neutrality of the dispute settlement mechanism and of the governing law of the dispute may be necessary for avoiding that any of the parties can gain an unfair advantage over the other.
		Moreover, the delocalized international dispute settlement mechanism might coexist with the local remedies, because of the applicability of the rule of exhaustion of the latter before resorting to the former.
		The procedural delocalization of arbitration is accompanied by its substantive delocalization, that is, the delocalization of the applicable substantive law, which has been admitted without particular opposition as an expression of the parties' autonomy.
	www.jeanmonnetprogram.org /papers/97/97-13-Part-2.html (15201 words)

	Delocalization of polar plasm components caused by grandchildless mutations, gs(1)N26 and gs(1)N441, in Drosophila ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Delocalization of polar plasm components caused by grandchildless mutations, gs(1)N26 and gs(1)N441, in Drosophila melanogaster.
		Delocalization of polar plasm components caused by grandchildless mutations, gs(1)N26 and gs(1)N441, in Drosophila melanogaster.The mechanism regulating polar plasm integrity in embryos is discussed.
		It was finally shown that Vas is also delocalized in embryos that are inhibited to form pole cells by reducing the amount of mtlrRNA.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/8366590.html (219 words)

	A Different Story of -Delocalization-The Distortivity of -Electrons and Its Chemical Manifestations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The concept of electronic delocalization has germinated in the pre-electron period to Kekulé's 'structural theory' and its application to benzene as a prototype of a family of compounds so-called "aromatics".
		The exalted diamagnetism was interpreted to result from the ring currents carried by the delocalized electrons which circulate under the influence of the external magnetic field in orbits with radii that are determined by the path of delocalization.
		Of course, the low-lying triplet state reflects the type of delocalization in the singlet antiaromatic species, which in some of the cases, but not all, is a diradicaloid (as in cyclobutadiene but not in pentalene, etc.).
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/jcen?chreay/101/i05/html/cr990363l.html (12362 words)

	Nucleolar Delocalization of Human Topoisomerase I in Response to Topotecan Correlates with Sumoylation of the Protein ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Nucleolar Delocalization of Human Topoisomerase I in Response to Topotecan Correlates with Sumoylation of the Protein -- Mo et al.
		(nucleolar delocalization) in response to topo I inhibitors.
		this correlates with nucleolar delocalization of topo I fusion
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/277/4/2958 (5582 words)

	Delocalization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Delocalization is a recent phenomenon and has occurred within the past five hundred years.
		The emergence of delocalization was a gradual change most likely starting with a shift in tastes which then led to the demand of specialized and rare foods among wealthy and noble classes.
		Another problem that results from delocalization is the unequal access to means of production and higher quality foods among lower classes and developing nations.
	pages.ivillage.com /frie7883/id17.html (1200 words)

	Interfaces in Superconductors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Experimental verification of the interface delocalization transition is also still missing to a large extent [2].
		The interface potential approach, familiar in the field of wetting, was extended to type-I superconductors [3], allowing the calculation of the shape of a superconducting "droplet" near the specimen surface.
		Critical delocalization transitions are characterized by non-universal exponents, which depend on kappa [8].
	www.fys.kuleuven.ac.be /vsm/joi/research_int.html (515 words)

	SurfWax: News, Reviews and Articles On Delocalization
		He urged "a delocalization of the trial to another willing country in the region (for example Qatar)" so all parties could carry out their work in "calm conditions." - AFP.
		Delocalization: The decline in yields from traditional financial assets after the 2000-01 crisis has increased the dependence of German industrial corporations on export earnings and foreign investment strategies that maximize locational advantages.
		Theirs is an immense market but there is a risk their growing presence could lead to more delocalization of labour" from western Europe as companies outsource production to low-wage nations.
	chemistry.surfwax.com /files/Delocalization.html (542 words)

	D
		There is a corresponding "delocalization energy", identifiable with the stabilization of the system compared with a hypothetical alternative in which formal (localized) single and double bonds are present.
		Delocalization in such species may be represented by partial bonds or as resonance (here symbolized by a two-headed arrow) between contributing structures.
		Analogously, delocalization of the spin of an unpaired electron occurs in conjugated radicals.
	www.chem.qmw.ac.uk /iupac/gtpoc/D.html (1105 words)

	Disordered Exciton Model for the Core Light-Harvesting Antenna of Rhodopseudomonas viridis -- Novoderezhkin et al. 77 ...
		6 and 7 we conclude that the individual exciton states are highly delocalized in the middle of
		are proportional to the delocalization length of the corresponding
		Exciton delocalization in the light-harvesting LH2 complex of photosynthetic purple bacteria.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/77/2/666 (6496 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It is numerically shown that the delocalized wavepacket spread obeying diffusion law, and the perturbation strength dependence of the diffusion rate is given.
		The sensitivity of the delocalized state is also shown by the time-reversal experiment after random change in phase of the wavepacket.
		Moreover, it is found that the diffusion strongly depend on the initial phase of the perturbation.
	www.mdpi.net /entropy/htm/e6010133.htm (191 words)

	OhioLINK ETD: Kim, Youngmin
		The origin of the 200 K localization transition that affect >~ 15% of the electrons is the glass transition emanating from the dopants.
		It is suggested that these electrons are localized by disorder at the lowest temperature and become delocalized through phonon induced delocalization as the temperature increases to 75K.
		Below the glass transition temperature (Tg), the lattice is “frozen” in configuration that reduces the charge delocalization and lead to cause increase of strongly localized polarons.
	www.ohiolink.edu /etd/view.cgi?osu1104360957 (410 words)

	Defense Counsel Journal: International arbitration and punitive damages: delocalization and mandatory rules: now that ...
		Defense Counsel Journal: International arbitration and punitive damages: delocalization and mandatory rules: now that non-state parties are using international law, the question whether punitive damages arbitration awards can be enforced has become more important.
		International arbitration and punitive damages: delocalization and mandatory rules: now that non-state parties are using international law, the question whether punitive damages arbitration awards can be enforced has become more important.
		THE TREND toward non-state parties being the subjects of international law and the employment of the body of law known as lex mercatoria have come together with the worldwide acceptance of international commercial arbitration, creating a viable substitute for national courts in resolving increasingly international trade disputes.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_go1669/is_200410/ai_n9722430 (255 words)

	Hydrodynamic delocalization of phase separation in a locally cooled fluid mixture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		We report that phase separation of a fluid mixture, whose temperature is set below the phase separation temperature only locally near one side wall of the container, is strongly delocalized over the entire system if there is density mismatch between the components.
		We demonstrate that this delocalization is caused by i) gravity-driven convective flow and ii) asymmetric kinetics between fast hydrodynamic coarsening during demixing and slow diffusional mixing through the phase boundary.
		The relevant physical parameters determining the efficiency of phase separation are clarified.
	www.edpsciences.org /articles/epl/abs/2004/02/epl7981/epl7981.html (157 words)

	JCE 1997 (74) 1494 [Dec] The Mechanism of Covalent Bonding
		Covalent bonding is the natural consequence of the electron delocalization that occurs when two or more atoms form a stable molecule by the process of electron sharing.
		In this paper we reexamine the mechanism of covalent bonding, specifically with a view to its teaching, that starts with quantum theory and the interpretation of its predictions, such as electronic delocalization and the concomitant lowering of the electronic energy as bonding occurs.
		Indeed, delocalization is shown to be the central mechanism of covalent bond formation.
	jchemed.chem.wisc.edu /Journal/Issues/1997/Dec/abs1494.html (237 words)

	v-SRC Specifically Regulates the Nucleo-cytoplasmic Delocalization of the Major Isoform of TEL (ETV6) -- Lopez et al. ...
		The TEL-M1 isoform is specifically delocalized from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in response to v-SRC.
		TEL-M1 displayed cytoplasmic delocalization in virtually 100% of v-SRC co-expressing cells, irrespective of the absence or presence of the indicated pharmacological agents.
		C were almost exclusively nuclear when expressed alone and displayed cytoplasmic delocalization in virtually 100% of v-SRC co-expressing cells.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/278/42/41316 (6699 words)

	How Far is the π-Electron Delocalization of the Phenanthrene Moiety Modified in the Aza-Analogues and Their ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		[10] descriptors, which are expected[11] to deduce the stabilization due to cyclic π-electron delocalization most accurately, describe its electronic structure in a similar quantitative way, as presented in scheme 1.
		Tables 1-2 present the local descriptors of π-electron delocalization: HOMA and NICS, and the global ones: the relative energy values (in respect to the lowest-energy isomer), the magnetic susceptibilities and the global values of HOMA (estimated for all bond lengths).
		Usually the lowering of delocalization in an N-oxidized fragment imply a substantial increase of aromaticity of neighboring rings.
	www.arkat-usa.org /ark/journal/2004/I03_Makosza/MM-893G/MM-893.asp (3409 words)

	Exciton Delocalization in the B808-866 Antenna of the Green Bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus as Revealed by Ultrafast ...
		manifestation of exciton delocalization is an increase in amplitudes
		Notice that the inverse participation ratio corresponds to the delocalization length for the individual exciton states.
		Exciton delocalization length in the B850 antenna of Rhodobacter sphaeroides.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/77/1/424 (3222 words)

	Comparing resonance and delocalization energies
		To estimate the delocalization energy, we should include the energy penalty for distorting cyclohexatriene to a form in which all the bonds have the same length:
		From the cycle above, the corrected value of the delocalization energy of benzene is –263.7 kJ/mol.
		It is important to remember that the delocalization energy is one reason why benzene is stable, but the fact that its hexagonal shape allows s-bonds to be formed with no strain also contributes to its stability.
	www.chm.bris.ac.uk /pt/ajm/sb04/L3_p2.htm (217 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The ones that specially benefit we refer to as having electrons that are "resonance" delocalized.
		(You'll see this again in Chapter 16.) -define "resonance hybrid" 7.5-7.8 stabilization due to electron delocalization -define "resonance energy" -comparing two resonance contributors, identify which is more representative of the hybrid structure and, thus, more closely approximates the structure and reactivity of the species.
		7.9-7.10 effects of electron delocalization -identify reactants, intermediates, and products that are "especially well stabilized" by electron delocalization.
	www.stolaf.edu /people/hansonr/chem247/ch7summary.txt (350 words)

	Inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication and delocalization of the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin by ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication and delocalization of the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin by tumor promoters.
		Inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication and delocalization of the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin by tumor promoters.GJIC inhibition by TPA and BoP was stronger in primary keratinocytes compared with both cell lines.
		BoP strongly decreased the amount of E-cadherin protein and the level occurring in the membranes in both cell lines, whereas TPA caused a translocation of E-cadherin from the membrane towards the cytosol, without decreasing the total amount of E-cadherin present.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/614372.html (189 words)

	Quasiparticles in Anderson Insulators : a Scenario of Delocalization induced by Interactions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A method based on the study of the system's spectral properties allows to emphasize an interaction induced delocalization effect even when the quasiparticles remain localized individually.
		The corresponding mobility edge is further estimated as a function of interaction, disorder and number of quasiparticles, and the disorder vs. interaction phase diagram is sketched.
		The relevance of this approach is finally discussed, and it is shown that when the number of quasiparticles is sufficiently large, the transition can occur at moderate interaction strengths for which only a fraction of them effectively interact, thus justifying the drastic approximation of an interaction-insensitive Fermi sea.
	flux.aps.org /meetings/YR98/BAPSMAR98/abs/S2570007.html (143 words)

	Carbon -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The alpha form can be converted to the beta form through mechanical treatment and the beta form reverts back to the alpha form when it is heated above 1000 ° (The 3rd letter of the Roman alphabet) C.
		Because of the delocalization of the pi-cloud, graphite conducts (A physical phenomenon associated with stationary or moving electrons and protons) electricity.
		The material is soft and the sheets, frequently separated by other atoms, are held together only by (Click link for more info and facts about van der Waals force) van der Waals forces, so easily slip past one another.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ca/carbon.htm (3326 words)

	APS - 2005 APS March Meeting PostDeadline - Event - Quantum Delocalization and STM Image Simulation of Hydrogen Atoms ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Dissociative hydrogen adsorption process on noble metal is one of the most crucial catalytic processes in the fuel cell technology.
		Quantum delocalization model is proposed to understand the image of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) observed during hydrogen adsorption on palladium.
		As observed in a recent experiment [Nature 422, 705 (2003)] two vacances of hydrogen on palladium surface appears three loped triangle in experimental STM image and dissociative hydrogen adsorption on palladium requires aggregates of three or more vacancies.
	meetings.aps.org /Meeting/MAR05/Event/28117 (176 words)

	Delocalization transitions of low-dimensional manifolds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		If the potential has several minima, the manifolds can undergo nontrivial transitions from a localized to a delocalized state at a characteristic temperature $T = T_*$.
		For interfaces in $d = 1+1$, several universality classes must be distinguished which can be determined exactly by transfer-matrix methods.
		The number of relevant eigenperturbations increases monotonically with the decay exponent $\tau = d_\parallel/\zeta$ where the roughness exponent $\zeta$ characterizes the delocalized manifold.
	www.mpikg-golm.mpg.de /lipowsky/pub/archive/090.html (151 words)

	IngentaConnect Electron delocalization on iron sites in thallium and lead based ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In both families, the thermal evolution of the M?ssbauer spectra associated with susceptibility measurements provides evidence for a mixture of high-spin localized and at low temperature and of different mixed valence states at higher temperatures, which are interpreted in terms of a dynamical electron delocalization.
		This process, governed by both the temperature and the mean charge of the A cations, is also demonstrated by the electronic conductivity measurements.
		Because of the low dimensionality of the structure, compounds allow the electron delocalization to start at lower temperatures than in the family.
	api.ingentaconnect.com /content/iop/jphyscm/1996/00000008/00000034/art00017 (260 words)

	Localization Vs. Delocalization of Random Discrete Measures
		Localization Vs. Delocalization of Random Discrete Measures: Theory of Probability & Its Applications Vol.
		The notions of (complete) asymptotic localization vs.\ delocalization of such measures in the weak (mean or probability) and strong (with probability~$1$) sense are proposed and analyzed, proceeding from the standpoint of the largest atoms' behavior as $n\to\infty$.
		In the critical point $\alpha =1$, the weak delocalization is established.
	epubs.siam.org /sam-bin/dbq/article/97715 (219 words)

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