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Topic: Delta modulation

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Federal Standard 1037C

	Delta encoding - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Delta encoding is a way of storing or transmitting data in form of differences between sequential data rather than complete files.
		A variation of delta encoding which encodes differences between the prefixes or suffixes of strings is called incremental encoding.
		In delta encoded transmission over a network where only a single copy of the file is available at each end of the communication channel special error control codes are used to detect which parts of the file has changed since its previous version.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Delta_encoding (584 words)

	Closed loop companding ratio control for continuously variable slope delta modulation - Patent 4151517
		The dynamic range of the continuous variable slope delta modulation is increased by employing means for providing a companding ratio reference coupled to a means for comparing the companding ratio reference against a filtered coincidence output from the encoder/decoder and then amplifying any difference therebetween.
		In the past, the dynamic range of the basic delta modulator was increased slightly by employing a digital algorithm in conjunction with a low pass filter to control the gain of the integrator of the delta modulator.
		Since the continuously variable slope delta modulation algorithm improves the dynamic range of a delta modulator for lower level inputs, the selection of loop gains should be based on the near maximum amplitude and frequency signal which must be transmitted.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4151517.html (4991 words)

	Delta Modulation/Demodulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Delta modulation (DM) may be viewed as a simplified form of DPCM in which a two level (1-bit) quantizer is used in conjunction with a fixed first-order predictor.
		The "dm_demo" shows the use of Delta Modulation to approximate a input sine wave signal and a speech signal that were sampled at 2 KHz and 44 KHz, respectively.
		In the case of Delta Modulation this means that the sampling rate will be much higher than the minimum rate of twice the bandwidth.
	www.ece.drexel.edu /commweb/dm.html (511 words)

	Continuously variable slope delta modulation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Continuously variable slope delta modulation is a voice coding method.
		It is delta modulation with variable step size.
		Adaptation of step size allows one to avoid slope slope overload (step of quantisation increases when the signal rapidly changes) and decreases granular noise when the signal is constant (decrease of step of quantisation).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Continuously_variable_slope_delta_modulation (125 words)

	Analog-to-digital converter for seismic exploration using delta modulation - Patent 4616349
		Delta modulation per se is a well-known technique which may be referred to generically as outputting a single bit representative of the direction of change of an analog signal upon each sampling of the signal.
		According to this delta modulation loop, therefore, a continuous stream of.+-.1's is output indicating the direction of change of the signal.
		The elements of the basic delta modulator loop, differencing junction 40, analog-to-digital converter 42, clock 48, digital-to-analog converter 46 and integrator 50 are the same as in the embodiment of the delta modulator discussed in connection with FIG.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4616349.html (3314 words)

	Modulation - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Modulation describes a range of techniques for encoding information on a carrier signal, typically a sine-wave signal.
		A device that performs modulation is known as a modulator.
		Modulation is frequently used in conjunction with various channel access methods.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Modulation (227 words)

	520.490 Analog and Digital VLSI Systems: ADM Speech Encoder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Delta Modulation (DM) is an analog-to-digital conversion used for transmitting analog signals by simply transmitting the difference of an input signal to a reference signal.
		The purpose of the modulator (schematic and layout shown below) is to generate an output representing the difference between the input signal (Vin) and the integrator approximation (Vapp).
		The demodulator will take the output of the comparator from the modulator, which is either a binary "0" or "1" (0 V or 3 V), and assembles an approximation based solely on this binary input.
	bach.ece.jhu.edu /gert/ece490/2003/ADM (2464 words)

	IRIG 106-99 Appendix F (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A general description of the delta modulation and the CVSD converter can be found in the succeeding subparagraphs.
		Delta modulation is an A-D conversion technique resulting in a form of digital pulse modulation.
		A delta modulator periodically samples the amplitude of a band-limited analog signal, and the amplitude differences of two adjacent samples are coded into n-bit code words.
	www.spiraltechinc.com /otis/IRIG_Files/IRIG_Appendix-F.htm (2271 words)

	Sigma-delta modulation circuit - US Patent 6057794 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A sigma-delta modulator according to claim 1, wherein said conversion means comprises a multiplication means for multiplying the delayed modulation signal and a constant defined by the parameter arbitrarily set by the control signal and outputting a multiplied signal.
		A sigma-delta modulator according to claim 6, wherein said logical processing means comprises a memory means for storing data in a table and wherein said output data is determined by a table look-up of the delayed modulation signal and the arbitrarily set parameter.
		A sigma-delta modulator according to claim 1, wherein said conversion means comprises a variable voltage providing means for (1) controlling the delayed modulation signal in response to the arbitrarily set parameter and (2) providing the conversion signal having a variable level in accordance with the arbitrarily set parameter.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6057794.html (7132 words)

	1-bit A/D and D/A Converters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Delta modulation (DM) was developed in the 1940s for voice telephony applications.
		Differential pulse-code modulation is a technique in which the derivative of the signal is quantized.
		The quantization step delta can also be increased in order to lower the sampling rate but the quantization noise will become more apparent due to its uniform distribution in the frequency band from dc to half the sampling rate.
	mi.eng.cam.ac.uk /~avir2/1-bit (1196 words)

	Junior's 2000
		A particularly simple method for encoding an analog signal in digital form is delta modulation.
		Delta modulation is a technique in which an analog signal is represented by a staircase approximation with constant step size.
		For this project, a delta modulator will be designed and tested on a sinusoidal input signal.
	www.loyola.edu /academics/alldepartments/engineeringscience/junior99.html (604 words)

	Delta article - Delta Greek alphabet delta (letter) river delta Nile Egypt Mediterranean - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Delta article - Delta Greek alphabet delta (letter) river delta Nile Egypt Mediterranean - What-Means.com
		This is a disambiguation page; that is, one that points to other pages that might otherwise have the same name.
		Delta article - Delta definition - what means Delta
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Delta (162 words)

	A journey of a thousand miles begins with one step. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sigma-delta systems quantize the delta (D, difference) between the current sigma and the sigma (sum) of the previous difference (it is a closed loop feedback system).
		Considering the same example as in the delta modulator case, that is 1.5kHz signal at a 4kHz sampling -1V to 1V peak to peak, Figure 7 shows an SDM signal at 16x oversampling.
		The advantage of using a 1-bit converter in CD audio technology is that it offers better tolerance for small variances in the components that is uses against the more complex, harder to implement multi-bit decoders (and encoders) which use a complex inner structure of voltage references using a network of resistors as described earlier.
	www.owlnet.rice.edu /~elec301/Projects99/adda/sdmod.html (650 words)

	Adaptive Rate Delta Modulation for Non
		The receiver for such a modulation is reduced to simple pulse detection and a counter to recreate the original signal.
		A pulse-code modulation (PCM) is used to encode voice at a rate of 8ksample/sec.
		Delta modulation (DM) was considered because of its simplicity, suitability to voice communications and relative tolerance to bit errors.
	www.eng.fsu.edu /~moss/Senior_Design.html (4016 words)

	Delta-sigma modulation apparatus and signal amplification apparatus - US Patent 6795004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In this delta-sigma modulation system, by the noise shaping technology, e.g., PCM digital signal of 16 bits or more is converted into quantization signal having lower number of bits from one bit to several bits to have ability to reproduce it into analog signal by local D/A converter of several bits.
		The Pulse Width Modulated audio signal S2 is amplified by the switching module 92 into a pulse signal of a predetermined magnitude, and an audio signal of the audible band is outputted from the speaker 94 through the LPF 93.
		Since the first switching module 22 and the second switching module 24 that the class D power amplifier apparatus 2 has are ordinarily operative at a higher power supply voltage as compared to input signal, distortion takes place in an output signal.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6795004.html (6455 words)

	Digital tuning scheme for continuous-time sigma delta modulation - US Patent 6693572 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the continuous-time modulator current source is a mirror of the controllable current source.
		In a switched-capacitor implementation of a sigma-delta modulator, integrators are required to settle with an adequately small error at the end of each clock phase.
		An incremental converter may be a sigma-delta modulator with a reset at the beginning of each conversion cycle.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6693572.html (4516 words)

	NEL, Delta opioid modulation of hypothalamic serotonergic neurotransmission.
		Delta opioid modulation of hypothalamic serotonergic neurotransmission in the ovariectomized and steroid-primed rat
		OBJECTIVES: We have investigated the modulating effects of DPDPE (a d opioid agonist) and opioid receptor antagonists on both LH release and indoleamine concentrations in specific hypothalamic regions of the ovx and steroid-primed rat.
		No part may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or ortherwise, without prior written permission from the Editor-in-Chief.
	www.nel.edu /21_2/2orig2_Yilmaz.htm (290 words)

	CCD delta-modulation focal plane - Patent 5012343
		The present invention is termed a "delta modulator focal plane array" due to the delta modulator circuit added to the focal plane detector array.
		This charge passes through all 16 differentiator cells and is modulated by adding or subtracting a charge from the fat zero charge, in proportion to the difference in applied voltage from the previous clock period to the present period.
		The delta modulator focal plane of the present invention provides an increase in dynamic range by using an analog technique of encoding data through the TDI register.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5012343.html (2907 words)

	Articles - Delta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In mathematical finance delta, Î´, is one of "The Greeks"; delta measures the sensitivity of the value of a derivative to changes in the price of its underlying instrument.
		In particle physics, the delta particle is a short lived resonance of the proton.
		In information technology, delta compression is a process that produces a file recording only the changes (or diff) between versions.
	www.divxa.com /articles/Delta (277 words)

	Hydrogenaudio Forums -> Help! Sacd Good Or Bad?
		However, this would resemble 'delta modulation' as detailed here http://www.cs.tut.fi/~rosti/1-bit/ whereas it is my understanding that DSD resembles a 'raw output' from a delta-SIGMA A/D converter.
		BTW, DSD uses delta-sigma modulation and not delta modulation, delta modulation simply looks at the difference between the current value and the previous one, while delta-sigma modulation looks at the sum of the differences and tries to make that as small as possible.
		Think of it this way: in a basic delta modulator, if you draw a graph of frequency against allowed amplitude, then you are allowed high amplitudes at low frequencies, but only lower amplitudes and higher frequencies (otherwise you push it into slope overload).
	www.hydrogenaudio.org /forums/index.php?act=ST&f=1&t=3390 (3674 words)

	A journey of a thousand miles begins with one step. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Having this in mind the output of the delta modulation (after the integrator) has to pass through a low pass filter in order to attenuate high frequency unwanted signals.
		As seen the modulated signal hardly tracks the actual input signal and as the integrated signal is shifted due to the effect of aliasing.
		Obviously delta modulation is inappropriate in CD technology where high fidelity, high sampling rates and 16x oversampling are required; the quest remains.
	www.owlnet.rice.edu /~elec301/Projects99/adda/dmod.html (695 words)

	Delta Opioid Modulation of the Binding of Guanosine-5'-O-(3-[35S]thio)triphosphate to NG108-15 Cell Membranes: ...
		Delta Opioid Modulation of the Binding of Guanosine-5'-O-(3-[35S]thio)triphosphate to NG108-15 Cell Membranes: Characterization of Agonist and Inverse Agonist Effects -- Szekeres and Traynor 283 (3): 1276 -- Journal of Pharmacology And Experimental Therapeutics
		H]diprenorphine by the delta agonist DPDPE was monophasic with
		Sofuoglu, M., Portoghese, P. and Takemori, A. Differential antagonism of delta opioid agonists by naltrindole (NTI) and its benzofuran analog (NTB) in mice: Evidence for delta opioid receptor subtypes.
	www.jpet.org /cgi/content/full/283/3/1276 (5731 words)

	ipedia.com: Pulse-code modulation Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ones-density is often controlled using precoding techniques such as Run Length Limited, where the PCM code is expanded into a slightly longer code with a guaranteed bound on ones-density before modulation into the channel.
		In other cases, the long term DC value of the modulated signal is important, as building up a DC offset will tend to bias detector circuits out of their operating range.
		The first transmission of speech by pulse code modulation was the SIGSALY voice encryption equipment used for high-level Allied communications during World War II.
	www.ipedia.com /pulse_code_modulation_1.html (829 words)

	SSCS Quarterly, January 2005 - A JSSC Classic Paper: Sigma-Delta Converters
		Oversampling modulation for analog-to-digital conversion first appeared in the form of delta modulation, which was introduced at about the same time as the invention of the transistor.
		As opposed to delta-modulators, which encode the rate of change of a signal, sigma-delta modulators digitize the signal itself while shaping the resulting quantization noise in frequency so as to push most of its energy outside the signal band where it can be removed by digital filtering.
		The second-order modulator design he proposed and demonstrated has subsequently served as the key building block for the realization of higher-order, cascaded sigma-delta modulators that have been used to digitize both low-pass and bandpass signals with bandwidths of several megahertz and center frequencies as high as 20 MHz.
	www.ieee.org /organizations/pubs/newsletters/sscs/jan05/jssc2.html (1073 words)

	Citations: The structure of quantization noise from sigma-delta modulation - Candy, Benjamin (SMEALSearch) - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		J.C. Candy, and O.J. Benjamin, "The structure of quantization noise from sigma-delta modulation" IEEE Trans.
		Conclusions A 1V bandpass modulator has been realized within a standard 0.5m CMOS technology.
		The aim of this work is to demonstrates the validity of the proposed building blocks, moving the optimization of the modulator performance to other....
	smealsearch2.psu.edu /context/27664/0 (132 words)

	A Sigma-Delta Modulation Based BIST Scheme for Mixed-Signal Circuits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In this work, we present the analysis of a built-in self-test (BIST)scheme for mixed-signal circuits that is intended to provide on-chip stimulus generation and response analysis.
		Based on the sigma-delta modulation principle, the proposed scheme can produce high-quality stimuli and obtain accurate measurements without the need of precise analog circuitry.
		Numerical simulations are conducted to validate our idea and the results show that the scheme is a promising BIST approach for mixed-signal circuits.
	www.gigascale.org /pubs/44.html (244 words)

	[No title]
		Another method of playback known as pulse code modulation (PCM) is available by the channel, which requires the constant updating of one of the DMC's memory-mapped registers.
		The bits shifted out are then fed to the UP/DOWN control pin of the internal delta counter, which will effectively have the counter increment it's retained value by one on "1" bit samples, and decrement it's value by one on "0" bit samples.
		$4011 - Delta counter load register ----------------------------------- bits ---- 7 appears to be unused 1-6 the load inputs of the internal delta counter 0 LSB of the DAC A write to this register effectively loads the internal delta counter with a 6 bit value.
	nesdev.parodius.com /dmc.txt (1579 words)

	AES 110th Convention: Session O
		The digital encoding method known as "Direct Stream Digital (DSD)", which is based upon direct recording of the 1-bit output signal of a delta-sigma modulated analog to digital (A to D) converter, provides an analog-like sound quality for both professional audio applications and the new consumer audio delivery format known as "Super Audio CD (SACD)".
		We demonstrate these effects, and using coherent averaging techniques, are able to display the consequent profusion of nonlinear artifacts which are usually hidden in the noise floor.
		Although 1-bit Sigma-Delta modulators cannot be adequately dithered to make their performance perfect, the application of substantial noise shaping gives them modest performance while maintaining reasonable stability.
	www.aes.org /events/110/papers/O.html (964 words)

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