Delta switching - Factbites

Delta switching - Factbites
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Topic: Delta switching

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	Delta-sigma modulation apparatus and signal amplification apparatus - US Patent 6795004
		The Pulse Width Modulated audio signal S2 is amplified by the switching module 92 into a pulse signal of a predetermined magnitude, and an audio signal of the audible band is outputted from the speaker 94 through the LPF 93.
		In this delta-sigma modulation system, by the noise shaping technology, e.g., PCM digital signal of 16 bits or more is converted into quantization signal having lower number of bits from one bit to several bits to have ability to reproduce it into analog signal by local D/A converter of several bits.
		Since the first switching module 22 and the second switching module 24 that the class D power amplifier apparatus 2 has are ordinarily operative at a higher power supply voltage as compared to input signal, distortion takes place in an output signal.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6795004.html (6455 words)

	Sigma delta modulation for class D power amplifiers
		This solution originates in the sigma delta modulation commonly used for digital to analogue converters or already for control in Digital Current Control Using a Switching Power Amplifier and Sigma Delta Modulation.
		The basic idea is to employ the sigma delta modulation principle to directly drive a power switch or a H-bridge near the actuator coil of the loudspeaker.
		Imagine a tristate sigma delta modulator is running at a certain speed, let's say 700kHz, and acts directly on the digital PCM signal comming from the CD, or as analogue device on the analogue signal.
	www.wurmsdobler.org /sigmadelta/classD.html (333 words)

	Dell recalls 4.4m notebook power adaptors The Register
		Indeed, the company claims a 20 per cent share of the switching power supply adaptor market.
		Still, Delta has almost certainly shipped plenty more adaptors than this, none of which have warranted manufacturer recalls.
		Our PowerBook G4 runs very happily off a slightly warm Delta adaptor.
	www.theregister.co.uk /2004/10/08/dell_ac_adaptor_recall (333 words)

	Delta Ceramcoat "America's Favorite Acrylic Paint "
		Gel Blending Medium - When using Delta Ceramcoat Gel Blending Medium it is not necessary to rinse out your brush unless you are switching color families or moving from a very dark shade of one color to a much lighter shade in the same color family.
		Delta's NEW Ceramcoat product label has been revised to include the paint opacity of Opaque, Semi-Opaque or Transparent right on the front of the bottle.
		In a recent national study, Delta Ceramcoat was named as "America's Favorite Acrylic Paint" and "The paint that best meets my overall needs" by over TWICE as many consumers as the next leading brand.
	www.deltacrafts.com /Paint/Ceramcoat (607 words)

	Remote Sensing Tutorial Page 17-4
		A delta forms at the mouth of a stream where the load of sediment carried by running water is dumped as the stream empties into less mobile water (lake or ocean).
		The delta results from deposition of heavily silt-laden waters of the Ganges and the Brahmaputra Rivers, transporting sediment from the Himalayas far to the north.
		Switching to fluvial landforms, of which there are many varieties, we show first an archetype of dendritic drainage and then below, a part of a Landsat mosaic, in which the dendritic drainage has highly dissected the topography in flat-lying rocks.
	www.fas.org /irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect17/Sect17_4.html (607 words)

	Water Diverted from the Bay-Delta - The Green Gate from NRDC
		As a result, the delta is the "switching yard" for much of California's water supply.
		Two-thirds of California's precipitation falls north of the delta, while two-thirds of the state's demand for water comes from the south.
		Forty percent of the land area of California drains through the delta, where the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers join and meet salt water from the bay.
	www.nrdc.org /greengate/water/divertedv.asp (521 words)

	References
		Richard A. Brualdi, Networks and the Shannon switching game, Delta (Waukesha) 4 (1974), 1-23.
		Yahya Ould Hamidoune, The directed Shannon switching game and the one-way game, Graph theory with applications to algorithms and computer science (New York), Wiley, New York, 1984, pp.
		John Bruno and Louis Weinberg, A constructive graph-theortic solution of the shannon switching game, IEEE Trans.
	www.math.psu.edu /melvin/shannon/node1.html (181 words)

	Hexagonal Sigma-Delta Modulation - Luckjiff, Dobson (ResearchIndex)
		Luckjiff and I. Dobson, "Hexagonal sigma-delta modulation," IEEE Trans.
		Indeed, power-electronic switching states may be thought of as determining the quantizer outputs.
		9 An empirical study of high order single bit delta sigma modu..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /luckjiff03hexagonal.html (657 words)

	PlanetAnalog.com - Class D amps reduce EMI, improve sound
		It has an innovative delta-sigma modulator that eliminates the LC output filters used with typical switching amps.
		To reduce output noise and total harmonic distortion (THD), many companies are now turning to a variety of modulation techniques, including delta-sigma modulation, as opposed to using conventional pulse-width modulation (PWM) in Class D amplifiers.
		In TI's newest Class D amps, the modulation scheme has been modified so that only a very short differential power pulse occurs to prevent "shoot-through" when there is no input signal, the company said.
	www.planetanalog.com /printableArticle.jhtml?articleID=60401086 (519 words)

	Electronic Design: Class D amplifiers challenge "golden ears": audiophiles will find that delta-sigma modulation with closed-loop feedback makes a difference.(Putting New Technology In Perspective)
		Countering the conventional wisdom, Analog Devices (ADI) integrated a delta-sigma modulator with its AD1991 class D driver.
		The latter includes difficulty in implementing feedback, mediocre power-supply rejection ratio (PSRR), and the drawbacks of constant switching-frequency pulse-width modulators (PWMs).
		Conventional wisdom has it that class D amplifiers occupy an applications niche in which efficiency is paramount, and that several factors compromise sound quality.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_hb3021/is_200502/ai_n13121140 (298 words)

	Hyundai Performance Forums
		Found out on the internet that the 2.7L delta engine that i have is weak at the base of the block.
		Several engineering companies have already called with offers to design mosfet switching controllers that would allow you to program a boost curve on a laptop.
		Second, the e-ram still is a parasite to the engine since it draws off your cars electrical system where this thing has its own power source.
	www.hyundaiperformance.com /forums/topic.php?t=40726 (4468 words)

	Global News Korea; February 13, 1998
		Hyundai, which is strengthening its system business by entering the switching system market, saw sales reach KRW300 billion, helped by strong sales of system products for PCS and TRS.
		..DATE980213 NO.039 Hyundai Develops V6 Engine Hyundai Motor has successfully developed a V6 DOHC Delta engine which is 40kg lighter than existing engines, said the company on February 10.
		Hyundai Motor has successfully developed a V6 DOHC Delta engine
	ssdc.ucsd.edu /news/korea/h98/korea.19980213.1.html (2241 words)

	Details and datasheet on part: FX802
		On-chip the Delta Codec is supported by input and output analogue switched-capacitor filters and audio output switching circuitry.
		Various Xtal frequencies can be used with this device, see Table 3 for the sampling clock rate variations.
		Interrupt Request (IRQ): The output of this pin indicates an interrupt condition to the µController, by going to a logic "0." This is a "wire-or able" output, enabling the connection of up to 8 peripherals to 1 interrupt port on the µController.
	www.digchip.com /datasheets/parts/datasheet/104/FX802.php (2241 words)

	Mississippi River
		The modern delta is composed of smaller delta complexes formed during the past 8,000 years by a delta-switching process, whereby the river successively abandoned one delta for another as it found shorter, steeper paths to the Gulf of Mexico.
		Mean sea levels are rising as much as 1.2 to 4.3 centimeters per year along the Mississippi Deltaic Plain, apparently increasing the rate of landward migration of the shoreline into the delta complexes (Penland and Boyd 1985).
		Only the delta of the Atchafalaya River is now growing; all other deltas are degrading because of insufficient sediment input (Penland and Boyd 1985).
	biology.usgs.gov /s+t/SNT/noframe/ms137.htm (14566 words)

	graphclassifiers
		It is possible to find a graph $\Delta$ and to describe a given subgraph as a morphism to $\Delta$ and to obtain $\suppl$ as an endomorphism of $\Delta$.
		But although there is a morphism from $\Delta$ to $\Omega$, we don't get $\neg$ via any endomorphism of $\Delta$.
		Given any subgraph gamma : H -> Omega, we get neg gamma from the endomorphism of Omega switching 0 and 1 and taking {0}0 to {1}1.
	www.mta.ca /~cat-dist/catlist/1999/graphclassifiers (970 words)

	Tech Reports: HPL-98-186: An IC for Linearizing
		The linearization IC, which occupies 4.3 mm (super 2) when implemented in a 0.8-um CMOS technology, consists of a limiter, envelope detectors, and a delta-modulated switching power supply.
		Keyword(s): RF power amplifier linearization; envelope elimination and restoration; switching power supply; delta modulation; envelope detector; limiter; variable gain amplifier
		Abstract: This paper presents a monolithic CMOS implementation of an envelope elimination and restoration linearization system that improves the linearity of efficient RF power amplifiers.
	www.hpl.hp.com /techreports/98/HPL-98-186.html (154 words)

	diyAudio Forums Archive - Alternative modulation schemes for class d amps
		Some self-oscillating class-d amps using hysteresis modulation are said to use sigma-delta modulation by their constructors.
		I would like to get some resource material on practical circuits using sigma-delta modulation in class d amps.
		The problem of high switching frequencies is only a problem for no or very low input signal levels.
	www.diyaudio.com /forums/showthread/t-42371.html (292 words)

	diyAudio Forums - Alternative modulation schemes for class d amps
		Some self-oscillating class-d amps using hysteresis modulation are said to use sigma-delta modulation by their constructors.
		The Sharp SM-SX100 is using delta sigma modulation.
		I would like to get some resource material on practical circuits using sigma-delta modulation in class d amps.
	www.diyaudio.com /forums/showthread.php?postid=489767 (286 words)

	Maritime Global Net
		The Maersk Delta Terminal will be located on the existing Delta peninsula and initial specifications call for a 900 m quay with facilities for mainline and feeder ships and also barges, 5 cranes and separate gates for road transport.
		A new company, Maersk Delta BV, in which Maersk will hold a majority two-thirds of the shares and ECT one-third, will be set up to oversee the terminal project.
		MAERSK-ECT TERMINAL DEAL DANISH liner company Maersk Line, part of the AP Moller group, has finally concluded a deal which will mean it staying in Rotterdam rather than switching its operation to Zeebrugge.
	www.mglobal.com /news/newsletterdetails.cfm?id=102 (4350 words)

	Delta Electronics, Inc. Homepage
		In addition to general electronic circuit design and manufacturing capabilities, Delta has engineering experience in the areas of RF instrumentation, high power HF/VHF/UHF transmitter/antenna switching, HF receiver/antenna switching, HF receive signal distribution, and remote monitor/control systems.
		Delta Electronics, Inc. is an employee-owned small business founded in 1962 to develop, manufacture and market professional quality electronic and electro-mechanical equipment for the broadcast and communications industries.
		Delta Electronics, Inc. has two major product lines: AM/FM/TV Broadcast Products and HF/VHF/UHF Transmit/Receive Matrices and Control Systems
	www.deltaelectronics.com (4350 words)

	Wye-delta transform Info - Encyclopedia WikiWhat.com
		Switching “on-the-fly" starts in the Wye winding and changes to Delta winding where performance can be improved.
		Wye/Delta selection can be used like a gear for the motor speed.
		To minimise the number of electrical connections to a generator, one end of each winding is connected to a common point called the 'neutral' or 'star' point.
	www.wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/w/wy/wye_delta_transform.html (278 words)

	Electronics 49
		The equivalents for switching logic are shown at the left, and are fairly obvious to derive, remembering that two equivalent circuits must have the same truth tables.
		The wye-delta and delta-wye transformations (special cases of the star-mesh and mesh-star transformations) may be familiar to you from circuit theory.
		Combinatorial logic, where the outputs are functions of the current inputs only, is easily realized with data selectors and similar circuits, and sequential logic, where the outputs depend on past inputs, by shift registers and counters.
	www.du.edu /~etuttle/electron/elect49.htm (6227 words)

	Deterministic Routing of h-relations on the Multibutterfly - Pietracaprina (ResearchIndex)
		The algorithm, which is obtained by generalizing the circuit-switching techniques of [3], routes any h-relation with messages of X bits, in O \Gamma h(X + log N) \Delta steps in the bit model, and in O \Gamma hdX= log Ne + log N \Delta communication steps in the word model.
		Abstract: In this paper we devise an optimal deterministic algorithm for routing h-relations on-line on an N-input/output multibutterfly.
		Deterministic Routing of h-relations on the Multibutterfly (1998)
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /296623.html (476 words)

	DBLP: Terri S. Fiez
		Gregory M. Cooley, Terri S. Fiez, Bryan Buchanan: PWM and PCM Techniques for Control of Digitally Programmable Switching Power Supplies.
		Rex T. Baird, Terri S. Fiez: Stability Analysis of High-order Modulators for Delta-Sigma ADCs.
		Rex T. Baird, Terri S. Fiez: Improved Delta-Sigma DAC Linearity Using Data Weighted Averaging.
	informatik.uni-trier.de /~ley/db/indices/a-tree/f/Fiez:Terri_S=.html (219 words)

	TA-1042 Digital Non-Secure Voice Terminal (DNVT)
		TRITAC is a joint communications family of equipment that uses a variety of multichannel radio and switching systems to form a network that provides bulk-encrypted (secure), voice and data, and tactical packet network message switching.
		The MX/FX629 CODEC only converts the voice signals to/from digital using the Continuously Variable Slope Delta (CVSD) algorithm.
		The ACUS is installed and operated by the Army signal brigades at the EAC and corps levels and organic signal battalions in the divisions’ environment.
	www.pacificsites.com /~brooke/TA1042.shtml (219 words)

	PAG-X: STRUCTURE AND EXPRESSION OF THE IGH LOCUS OF THE CHANNEL CATFISH, ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS.
		The IgH locus of the channel catfish is, in most respects, a simpler version of the translocon organization seen in the mammalian IgH locus, with clusters of VH genes, D elements, JH segments, and 2 constant region genes, mu and delta.
		One major distinguishing characteristic of the catfish IgH locus is the enhancer (Emu3’) which is found between the mu and delta genes, and differs from all of the 6 mammalian IgH enhancers in size, location, and composition of transcription factor-binding motifs.
		The position of the Emu3’ enhancer in the catfish IgH locus is such that class switching by chromosomal recombination is impossible without inactivation of the gene.
	www.intl-pag.org /10/abstracts/PAGX_W32.html (219 words)

	Atchafalaya River - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Geologically, the Atchafalaya has served periodically as the main channel of the Mississippi through the process of delta switching, which has built the extensive delta plain of the river.
		It is now widely suspected that the channeling of the river and subsequent lowering of siltation rates has resulted in severe degradation of the surrounding saltmarsh wetlands as well as widespread submerging of populated and agricultural lands of the bayou country.
		The Atchafalaya River is a distributary of the Mississippi and Red rivers, approximately 170 mi (270 km) long, in south central Louisiana in the United States.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Atchafalaya_River (628 words)

	Atchafalaya River - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Geologically, the Atchafalaya has served periodically as the main channel of the Mississippi through the process of delta switching, which has built the extensive delta plain of the river.
		The Atchafalaya Basin, the surrounding plain of the river, is filled with bayous, baldcypress swamps, and marshes, that give way to more brackish conditions and end in the Spartina grass marshes.
		The Atchafalaya River is a distributary of the Mississippi and Red rivers, approximately 170 mi (270 km) long, in south central Louisiana in the United States.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Atchafalaya_River (628 words)

	Atchafalaya River - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Geologically, the Atchafalaya has served periodically as the main channel of the Mississippi through the process of delta switching, which has built the extensive delta plain of the river.
		The Atchafalaya Basin, the surrounding plain of the river, is filled in bayous, baldcypress swamps, and marshes, that give way to more brackish conditions and end in the Spartina grass marshes.
		The Atchafalaya River is a distributary of the Mississippi and Red rivers, approximately 170 mi (270 km) long, in south central Louisiana in the United States.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Atchafalaya_River (628 words)

	Index Notation
		(multiplying by a Kronecker delta has the effect of switching indices…) so
		is known as the Kronecker delta, and has the properties
		Express the left hand side of the equation using index notation (check the rules for cross products and dot products of vectors to see how this is done)
	www.engin.brown.edu /courses/en175/index/indexnot.htm (628 words)

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