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Topic: Demilitarization

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	Collective Security, Demilitarization and `Pariah' States
		Often the result of the retributive politics of post-war diplomatic adjustment, legal attempts to ensure that formerly aggressive states do not acquire the military establishments, logistics or weaponry to threaten their neighbours or international peace and security, are often doomed to failure.
		This article considers the demilitarization sanctions imposed against Iraq in the aftermath of the Gulf War of 1991 in the historic context of other such efforts, most notably the sanctions imposed against Germany under the 1919 Treaty of Versailles (and subsequently enforced by the League of Nations).
		The primary elements shared by most demilitarization regimes are: (1) qualitative and quantitative restrictions on weapons systems; (2) control and monitoring mechanisms; (3) the rhetorical ambition of global and regional disarmament; (4) unrealistic deadlines for compliance; and (5) the implied threat of resumption of hostilities if disarmament is not achieved.
	www.ejil.org /journal/Vol13/No1/ab8.html (256 words)

	The Demilitarization Program
		For instance, tanks and rocket launchers are candidates for sale as scrap after demilitarization; tents and combat boots can be reused or sold to the public.
		As property is acquired by the Department of Defense (DoD), one of the military services or a defense agency assigns a demilitarization code to the material, based on specific DoD-wide policy.
		An audit trail is established for the property, including verification that demilitarization is accomplished.
	www.drms.dla.mil /pubaff/html/demil.html (549 words)

	Demilitarization Solutions - Threat Resolution Ltd (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Demilitarization (demil) is the process of the destruction of surplus, unserviceable or surrendered ammunition and weapons.
		TRLtd capabilities include research and development of demilitarization options and conducting pre-feasibility and feasibility studies as well as cost-benefit analysis to ensure safety, quality and value for money.
		TRLtd’s landmine demilitarization experience provides evidence that these challenges can be met by detailed research, the results of which can be developed into safe, economic solutions.
	www.trltd.com /demilitarization.php (279 words)

	GAO-04-427R, Defense Management: Continuing Questionable Reliance on Commercial Contracts to Demilitarize Excess ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The increased government capacity and continued use of commercial firms to demilitarize excess ammunition at the same time the government facilities have existing excess capacity continues to raise questions about the appropriate mix of government and commercial sector capacity needed to demilitarize excess ammunition and the cost efficiency of the demilitarization program.
		Conclusion: As we have previously noted, while it may be appropriate to rely on the private sector to enhance demilitarization capabilities, the continued use of the private sector to demilitarize excess ammunition at the same time the government facilities have excess capacity raises the question of whether the government is sponsoring too much capacity.
		Demilitarization includes, but is not limited to, processes involving resource recovery, recycling, reutilization, disassembly, conversion, melt out/steam out/wash out, incineration, open burning, and open detonation, to name a few.
	www.gao.gov /htext/d04427R.html (2855 words)

	FACT SHEET: DEMILITARIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE EQUIPMENT
		The purpose of this fact sheet is to outline the general regulatory framework governing the demilitarization and disposal of chemical defense equipment and provide references and points of contact for specific demilitarization and disposal information.
		All of the Environmental Quality Office's demilitarization and disposal procedures follow the United States Munitions List regulations in Title 22 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Section 121, as implemented in the Department of Defense Demilitarization Manual DoD 4160.21-M-1, and are in compliance with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Title 40 CFR 261.
		To obtain demilitarization procedures for Air Force-specific chemical defense items not found in the Disk, the base supply office or the servicing DRMO should be consulted for specific instructions.
	www.p2pays.org /ref/07/06034.htm (2381 words)

	Why Golan Demilitarization would not Work
		The problem with such demilitarization, as with the increasingly discussed demilitarization proposals for a Palestinian state, is that it would not work.
		Further, the problem of Golan demilitarization stems, in part, from the predictable shortcomings of international guarantees in a world where the very idea of an "international community" has become self- contradictory.
		Demilitarization, both of the emerging Palestinian state and the Golan Heights, can never be consistent with Israel's compelling security needs.
	www.gamla.org.il /english/beres/7.htm (1050 words)

	Palestinian Demilitarization and Israeli Security
		Here it must be remembered that, historically, demilitarization is a principle applied to various "zones," not to the entirety of emergent states.
		It should also be noted that the Palestine National Authority is guilty of multiple material breaches of Oslo and that it remains altogether unwilling to rescind genocidal clauses of the PLO Covenenat calling for Israel's annihilation.
		It follows from all this that any Israeli plan for accepting Palestinian demilitarization would be built upon sand, and that Israel would do well not to base strategic assessments of Palestinian statehood upon such an illusory foundation.
	www.tzemach.org /fyi/docs/beres/apr24b-02.htm (1485 words)

	Chemical Demilitarization: Public Policy Aspects CML Army Chemical Review - Find Articles
		The U.S. Army has a long history in chemical demilitarization, dating back to the activities of the Chemical Warfare Service in World War I. Though the practices have changed over the decades, they were always in keeping with the practices of industry at the time.
		Al Mauroni's discourse on chemical demilitarization is limited to the U.S. Army Chemical Corps's experience with incineration (from the 1970s to the present).
		Chemical Demilitarization is a valuable historical study and a must-read reference on the subject.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0IUN/is_2004_April/ai_n6120821 (361 words)

	DAWN - Opinion; January 16, 2006
		As this process compounded the tragedy of Kashmir, any reversion to autonomy, or a variant thereof, must be accompanied by credible guarantees that it would not be encroached upon, and that it would remain the primary dynamic for a final settlement acceptable to India, Pakistan and the people of Kashmir.
		From a Pakistani and Kashmiri perspective, it is, therefore, necessary to fully explore the concept of demilitarization.
		On demilitarization, an insidious British move reduced the demand for a total withdrawal of Indian forces to just ‘the bulk of the Indian army’.
	www.dawn.com /2006/01/16/op.htm (3827 words)

	Congress Considers "Demilitarization" Requirement (Say goodbye to your M1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The DoD already has the authority and responsibility to demilitarize any item it sells as surplus, so there is absolutely no reason to seek new authority to confiscate and destroy lawfully sold and lawfully owned items that are now the property of private citizens.
		(2) When the demilitarization of significant military equipment is carried out pursuant to subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1), an officer or employee of the United States designated by the Attorney General shall have the right to confirm, by inspection or other means authorized by the Attorney General, that the equipment has been demilitarized.
		If the court determines that there is probable cause to believe that the person is in possession of significant military equipment in violation of subsection (a), the court shall issue a warrant authorizing the seizure of such equipment.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/540897/posts (1771 words)

	[No title]
		Authority for programs to facilitate demilitarization -STATUTE- (a) In general Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the President is authorized, in accordance with this chapter, to establish and conduct programs described in subsection (b) of this section to assist the demilitarization of the independent states of the former Soviet Union.
		Administration of demilitarization programs -STATUTE- (a) Funding (1) In recognition of the direct contributions to the national security interests of the United States of the activities specified in section 5902 of this title, funds transferred under sections 108 and 109 of Public Law 102-229 (105 Stat.
		(b) Industrial demilitarization Any report under subsection (a) of this section that covers proposed industrial demilitarization projects shall contain additional information to assist the Congress in determining the merits of the proposed projects.
	uscode.house.gov /download/pls/22C68.txt (1414 words)

	Demilitarization, a Distant Dream in Kashmir
		The demilitarization proposal has come up several times through the process, but has never proceeded much beyond the stage of preliminary discussion or merely a promise.
		Musharraf could not have been unaware of the consequences of his statement that after the demilitarization he was demanding, Islamabad would ensure freedom from violence for these towns.
		Demilitarization of these towns, they argued, would in effect mean India's evacuation of the Line of Control (LoC).
	www.truthout.org /cgi-bin/artman/exec/view.cgi/48/17076 (953 words)

	Text of the Demilitarization Agreement
		This Undertaking provides for a ceasefire by the UCK, their disengagement from the zones of conflict, subsequent demilitarisation and reintegration into civil society, in accordance with the terms of UNSCR 1244 and taking account of the obligations agreed to at Rambouillet and the public commitments made by the Kosovar Albanian Rambouillet delegation.
		The UCK undertake to renounce the use of force, to comply with the directions of the Commander of the international security force in Kosovo (COMKFOR), and where applicable the head of the interim civil administration for Kosovo, and to resolve peacefully any questions relating to the implementation of this undertaking.
		The UCK in Kosovo agree to commit themselves publicly to demilitarise in accordance with paragraphs 22 and 23, refrain from activities which jeopardise the safety of international governmental and non-governmental personnel including KFOR, and to facilitate the deployment and operation of KFOR.
	partners.nytimes.com /library/world/europe/afp-kla-nato-text.html (1948 words)

	Arms Control Association: Arms Control Today: Funding CW Demilitarization in Russia: Time to Share the Burden
		Admittedly, the American approach—high-temperature incineration—was beginning to destroy weapons, but the program's life-cycle cost has grown from the original estimate of $1.7 billion in 1985 to the current estimate of $15.7 billion; its completion date has been extended several times, and is now set for 2007.
		General agreement on chemical demilitarization, although difficult, was simple compared to the ensuing details.
		For CW demilitarization, remoteness is the best and first line of defense in the event of an accident.
	www.armscontrol.org /act/1998_11-12/cwnd98.asp (4228 words)

	US CODE: Title 22,5953. Demilitarization Enterprise Fund (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The purpose of the Demilitarization Enterprise Fund is to receive grants pursuant to this section and to use the grant proceeds to provide financial support under programs described in subsection (b)(5) of this section for demilitarization of industries and conversion of military technologies and capabilities into civilian activities.
		In addition, returns on investments of the Demilitarization Enterprise Fund and other payments to the Fund may be reinvested in projects of the Fund.
		To the maximum extent practicable, the Board of Directors of the Demilitarization Enterprise Fund should adopt for that Fund practices and procedures that have been developed by Enterprise Funds for which funding has been made available pursuant to section 5421 of this title.
	www4.law.cornell.edu /uscode/html/uscode22/usc_sec_22_00005953----000-.html (496 words)

	Demilitarization Code Table
		Additional critical items/material determined to require demilitarization, either key point or total destruction. Demilitarization instructions to be furnished by the DOD Demilitarization Program Office.
		Demilitarization Instructions to be furnished by the Item/Technical Manager.
		Demilitarization required. Ammunition, explosives, and dangerous articles (AEDA). Demilitarization, and if required, declassification and/or removal of sensitive markings or information, will be accomplished. This code will be used for all AEDA items, including those which also require declassification and/or removal of sensitive markings or information.
	fss.gsa.gov /Manuals/Eads_Users_guide/Demilitarization_Code_Table.htm (264 words)

	KLA demilitarization postponed 48 hours (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		PRISTINA, Yugoslavia (AP) - The demilitarization of the Kosovo Liberation Army was postponed Monday for 48 hours after the KLA and NATO were unable to agree on the future of the ethnic Albanian rebel group.
		The rebel group had been required to demilitarize at midnight Sunday but KLA leaders refused to sign an accord transforming the ethnic Albanian force into a civilian Kosovo Corps.
		While many KLA members have returned to their families and jobs after NATO and Russian peacekeepers entered the province June 12, senior KLA officials have insisted that the remaining force serve as the nucleus of an army to defend the province against the Serbs when the peacekeepers leave.
	www.usatoday.com /news/index/kosovo/koso1106.htm (629 words)

	The Panacea of Demilitarization (Bernard Smith) May, 1999
		The Egyptians have attempted to restructure the demilitarization of Sinai by seeking the elimination of the Multinational Force and Observers - the guarantors of the military limits in the desert set down by the peace treaty - and the positioning of Egyptian soldiers along the border with Israel.
		A more obvious indicator is the Palestinian Authority's flagrant violation of the demilitarization clauses of the Interim Agreement of September 1995.
		But if a weak PA is already breaching the demilitarization clauses of the Oslo Accords, there is no doubt that a sovereign state of Palestine, a United Nations member no longer in fear of Israeli intervention, would fracture the demilitarization terms of a final agreement with Israel.
	www.freeman.org /m_online/may99/smith.htm (691 words)

	The Price of the Past (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This broad view provides new insights into how pervasive militarization really was in the past and how difficult demilitarization is and will continue to be in the transition period.
		The book is divided into two parts that focus loosely on "the system" and "the people." The first talks about what the Soviet defense economy was and how it has become encompassed by the overall reform process since 1985.
		He concludes by assessing what the future of demilitarization will be, with attention to three levels: the enterprises, the people, and the regions.
	www.brookings.edu /press/books/pricpast.htm (564 words)

	Center for Peace and Reconciliation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Central American Dialogue for Security and Demilitarization is a regional forum comprised of representatives of civil society organizations, the clergy, state officials, academics, parliamentarians, military officers, politicians and other members of Central American society.
		In order to promote demilitarization in Africa, the Center for Peace and Reconciliation, in conjunction with the Africa Leadership Forum and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP)-Tanzania, is organizing a conference on demilitarization that will be held in Arusha, Tanzania, from July 22-24, 1998.
		It is hoped that the Central American experience regarding demilitarization and strengthening democratic institutions will be valuable to Africa, and, as a result, distinguished Central American political leaders will be invited to attend the conference, thereby contributing to increased cooperation between the two regions.
	www.engin.umich.edu /class/eecs281/proj2/large0/f01020 (1875 words)

	Washington Group International - Defense - Weapons / Material Demilitarization
		Washington Group International is the world’s leader in the demilitarization of chemical weapons.
		We helped construct a sixth plant in Utah and are the only company to process the entire inventory of a chemical weapons site at one of its demilitarization facilities.
		Washington Group also is involved in chemical weapons demilitarization programs in the former Soviet Union, Japan and China.
	www.wgint.com /service.php?id=5 (197 words)

	SPACE.com -- Putin Calls for Demilitarization of Space
		MOSCOW (AP) -- President Vladimir Putin on Monday reaffirmed his support for the demilitarization of space but added that Russia must be ready to counter others' moves to the contrary.
		In a speech to top space officials on Cosmonauts Day, which marks the 43rd anniversary of Yuri Gagarin's epochal spaceflight, Putin also hailed the Soviet Union's space glory and emphasized that space research remains a top priority for the government.
		But he added that despite Russia's push for peaceful use of space, it still is and will likely remain an arena of the arms race.
	www.space.com /news/putin_space_040412.html (511 words)

	Russia Opposes Demilitarization of Caspian Region - NEWS - MOSNEWS.COM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Top Russian official in charge of the Caspian Region has said that his country opposed the demilitarization of the Caspian region, but thought there is a need to impose reasonable restrictions on weapons, the Interfax news agency reports.
		They are not going to disarm and will readily fill the vacuum of power in the event of our demilitarization,” Viktor Kalyuzhnyy, Russian deputy foreign minister and special presidential envoy on the Caspian Sea’s legal issue, said, addressing the international conference “The Caspian region: politics, economy and business” in the Kazakh capital Astana.
		At the same time, he believes that it is advisable to impose reasonable restrictions on weapons of the Caspian littoral states.
	www.mosnews.com /news/2004/04/28/caspian.shtml (561 words)

	BouldinCorp Demilitarization Equipment
		The patented hammers strike the brass casings as they pass through the deformer chamber, resulting in mechanical deformation meeting DLA 4160.21M demilitarization requirements.
		This 10 HP machine is capable of deforming spent cartridges, up to 5.56 mm., beyond the point of reuse.
		Patented hammers strike the engine parts as they pass through the deformer chamber, resulting in mechanical deformation and hence demilitarization of the parts.
	www.bouldincorp.com /demil/index.htm (305 words)

	Washington Group International - Defense - Threat Reduction - Chemical Weapons / Materiel Demilitarization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Washington Group International is the world’s leader in the demilitarization of chemical weapons and is expanding that expertise to cover unexploded and conventional weapons ordnances.
		Washington Group constructed a sixth plant in Utah and is the only company to process the entire inventory of a chemical weapons site at a demilitarization facility.
		Today, that facility—the Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS) in the south Pacific—is also the only chemical demilitarization complex to be completely shut down and closed; It is noteworthy that JACADS was operated successfully in a wildlife sanctuary.
	www.wgint.com /submarket.php?id=8 (197 words)

	CIP Latin America Demilitarization Program
		Begun in 1993, CIP’s Demilitarization Program works for U.S. policies that encourage healthy civil-military relations, cooperative security, and respect for human rights in Latin America and the Caribbean.
		We oppose irresponsible policies that risk worsening conflict and strengthening militaries at civil society's expense.
		A September 1997 CIP International Policy Report on an important chance to aid demilitarization in Honduras.
	www.ciponline.org /demilita.htm (611 words)

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