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Topic: Democradura

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Dictablanda
		Contrast with Democradura, meaning an illiberal democracy, a system that is relatively deficient in civil liberties, such as Iran after the Islamic revolution.
		The term "dictablanda" can be usefully contrasted with democradura, meaning an illiberal democracy — a system in which the government and its leaders are elected, but is nevertheless relatively deficient in civil liberties.
		In a "dictablanda", the chief weapons of the regime are the distribution of favours, the bribing of the poor masses with government subsidies, and control of the media.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Dictablanda (294 words)

	Igadi na Rede / Presencia - Putin y la democradura rusa
		Igadi na Rede / Presencia - Putin y la democradura rusa
		A día de hoy, Rusia posee un sistema deficientemente democrático con una salud preocupante.
		Los usos y costumbres de la época comunista como la manipulación, control de medios de comunicación y la corrupción política están todavía lejos de ser cosa del pasado de esta nación y da la impresión de que se acomodan sin mayores tensiones en esta peculiar democradura.
	www.igadi.org /artigos/2004/al_putin_e_a_democradura_rusa_es.htm (804 words)

	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Dictator
		This contrasts with democradura (literally "hard democracy"), characterized by full formal democracy alongside limitations on constitutional freedoms and human rights abuses, frequently within the context of a civil conflict.
		The governments of Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Haiti have at various times been considered "democradura" regimes.
		In the context of open-source projects, a "benevolent dictator" is the person that effectively holds dictator-like powers over that project, yet is trusted by other users/developers not to abuse this power.
	fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Dictator (890 words)

	Dictator -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This contrasts with (Click link for more info and facts about democradura) democradura (literally "hard democracy"), characterized by full formal democracy alongside limitations on constitutional freedoms and human rights abuses, frequently within the context of a civil conflict.
		Democradura is also known as (Click link for more info and facts about illiberal democracy) illiberal democracy.
		In the context of (Click link for more info and facts about open-source projects) open-source projects, a "benevolent dictator" is the person that effectively holds dictator-like powers over that project, yet is trusted by other users/developers not to abuse this power.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/D/Di/Dictator.htm (922 words)

	Dictablanda - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was also used to refer to the latter years of the regime of Gen. Francisco Franco, and to the hegemonic 70-year one-party rule of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) in Mexico.
		The term "dictablanda" can be usefully contrasted with democradura, meaning an illiberal democracy: a system that is relatively deficient in civil liberties, such as Iran after the Islamic revolution.
		This page was last modified 22:33, 12 May 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dictablanda (191 words)

	Dictator - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This contrasts with democradura (literally "hard democracy"), characterized by full formal democracy alongside limitations on constitutional freedoms and human rights abuses, frequently within the context of a civil conflict or the existence of an insurgency.
		Governments in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Mexico and Venezuela have at various times been considered "democradura" regimes by different critics and opposition groups, not necessarily with an academic or political concensus about the application of the term emerging.
		This page was last modified 23:45, 4 August 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dictator (771 words)

	JWSR - Volume III, Number 2, Spring 1997
		But immigration controls are not a solution to the employment problem, which is but one of a range of human interactions which can only be dealt with successfully by collective action on a global scale.
		The Latin Americans have invented a word to describe a procedural democracy where participation is not merely limited, but actively suppressed: a democradura -- hard democracy.
		Paradoxically, if we are to save the world from breakdown occasioned by capitalism, we must once again save the capitalists from their global excesses, just as the earlier creation of national welfare states saved the capitalists from their excesses at the national level.
	jwsr.ucr.edu /archive/vol3/v3n2a4.php (4617 words)

	cam_corruption_ntemfac02
		Political science also has a name for a governing system wherein specific political groups are excluded from participating in the governing process and wherein even those elected are deprived of the capacity to effectively govern.
		The governing system in Cameroon is a combination of both a dictablanda and a democradura.
		The maddening effect of having both a democradura and a dictablanda is that both monsters are often mutually interactive living in perfect harmony and drawing life essence from each other.
	www.africanindependent.com /cam_corruption_ntemfac02.html (2606 words)

	Minkkinen: Democratisation of Mexico?
		Especially the United States suffered from an 'excess of democracy', which could only be abated through political demobilisation of 'marginal' groups (9).
		Of the terms "dictablanda" ("dictasoft") and "democradura" ("democrahard") used by O'Donnell and Schmitter, it is the latter that reflects better the socio-political situation in Mexico, even though the Mexican case has features of both versions (10).
		Constitutionally, Mexico could be qualified as a democratic country, and the official discourse on Mexico's social reality has tried to sustain the illusion of the democratic Mexico.
	www.helsinki.fi /hum/ibero/xaman/articulos/9609/9609_pm.html (3795 words)

	Violent Obstacles to Democratic Consolidation in Three Countries: Guatemala, Colombia, and Algeria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Further complicating the discussion, even when phenomena are roughly the same, competing terms sometimes exist to describe them.
		For example, "guided democracy," "protected democracy," "tutelary democracy," "democradura" and "dictablanda" ("hard democracy" and "soft dictatorship," respectively) all describe a situation in which the military continues to exercise power in areas normally reserved for civilian branches of government, such as public policy formation and administration of criminal justice.
		This lack of precision led political scientists David Collier and Steven Levitsky to describe the study of democratic consolidation as "Democracy with Adjectives" (Collier and Levitsky, 1997).
	www.csa.com /hottopics/demo/overview.php (3142 words)

	United Church News: In country: Witness to Colombia's plight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		According to Mondragon, the United States is undercutting the democratic process of popular movements and the efforts of indigenous communities to protect their historic lands.
		In the words of Uruguayan writer Eduardo Galeano, we are witnessing the rise of the democradura, the appearance of a democracy, when in fact it is a social and political construct dictated by the elite and not by the people—essentially a new spin on the concept of dictatorship.
		We now understand how certain countries can fly under the U.S. radar of human rights certification when, in fact, violations are ignored.
	www.ucc.org /ucnews/apr01/colombia.htm (1225 words)

	PINOSHIT UPDATE
		> >But it is not only the military which are threathening our fragile and very >peculiar "democradura".
		No, it is also the Right and local businessmen, the >true owners of this lovely piece of land with a view to the ocean.
		This is what we call a "democradura", a cross between a >democracy and a dictatorship.
	mailman.lbo-talk.org /1998/1998-November/010360.html (1318 words)

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	cedrikmichel.celeonet.fr /chanteur-rock-francais/modules/catads/adslist.php?cat_id=4 (77 words)

	Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs: Democratization through peace: The difficult case of Guatemala
		Only the Reagan State Department cheerfully proclaimed Guatemala a "consolidated" and "posttransitional" democracy, after nothing more than the 1985 election (Jonas 1989).
		More sober and rigorous academic analysts implicitly acknowledged the problem when they had to invent new categories of democracy (restricted, pseudo, tutelada, facade, democradura) to include Guatemala in the "democratic family." When it becomes necessary to add all those qualifiers or adjectives, the definition of democracy is being stretched beyond acceptable limits.
		In Guatemala itself, the debates about the "democratic transition" have been very sharply contested.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3688/is_200001/ai_n8902451/pg_4 (1052 words)

	Pinochet: Report from Chile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		We do not live in a democracy, and we never have since 1973.
		What we have is a DEMOCRADURA, a mix between a dictatorship and a democracy.
		In short: a bastard political system that will continue to operate regardless of Pinochet's fate.
	www.zmag.org /Bulletins/ppchile.htm (875 words)

	A lasting peace in Central Europe?
		Regimes of this kind tend to respond to international pressures for democratisation by arguing that to go further than limited liberalisation would be too destabilising.
		In these circumstances, the prospects for those who would like to arrest democratic development to impose their will are dim.
		Dictablandas and democraduras, therefore, are to be looked for not in Central Europe but in the area to its east.
	www.iss-eu.org /chaillot/chai20e.html (18868 words)

	IIR Working Paper #62
		In Brazil, movement toward a democratic regime was initiated autonomously by the authoritarian incumbents.
		Initially, the military embarked on a democradura project in an attempt to legitimate its rule, first holding indirect presidential elections, then in 1965 moving to institutionalize a new two-party system, followed two years later by a new constitution.
		By 1968, with hard-line generals gaining political power, a more harshly repressive period was inaugurated, in response to opposition stemming both from leaders of what had been designated as a safe, controlled system of two officially recognized and approved parties
	socrates.berkeley.edu /~iir/wpapers/pdf/iirworkpap63.html (19045 words)

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