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Topic: Democratic Army of Greece

	Greek Civil War - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The origins of the civil war lie in the occupation of Greece by Nazi Germany and Bulgaria from 1941 to 1944 and Italy from 1941 to 1943.
		Greece is a country very favourable to guerilla operations, and by 1943 the Axis forces and their collaborators controlled only the main towns and connecting roads, leaving the mountainous interior to the resistance.
		Moreover, the soviet delegation in Greece wasn’t encouraging or discouraging EAM’s ambitions, as, according to the Moscow agreement, Greece belonged to the British sphere of influence.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Greek_Civil_War (5369 words)

	Greece. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Central Greece, situated N of the Gulf of Corinth, includes the low-lying plains of Thessaly, Attica, and Boeotia; Mt. Olympus (Ólimbos; 9,570 ft/2,917 m), the highest point in Greece; and Athens.
		In the Balkan Wars (1912–13) Greece obtained SE Macedonia and W Thrace; the frontier with newly independent Albania gave a larger part of Epirus to Greece, but neither country was satisfied, and the area remained in dispute until 1971, when Greece, at least temporarily, dropped its claims to N Epirus.
		In 1954, Greece signed an alliance with Turkey and Yugoslavia, but friction with Turkey (and also with Great Britain) soon arose over the sovereignty of Cyprus, the majority of whose population is ethnically Greek, and continued after Cyprus became independent in 1960.
	www.bartleby.com /65/gr/Greece.html (4145 words)

	Greece (10/06)
		Greece has been a major net beneficiary of the EU budget; in 2004, EU transfers accounted for 3.6 percent of GDP and are estimated to have been approximately 3.2 percent of GDP in 2005.
		Greece was adamantly opposed to the use of "Macedonia" by the government in Skopje, claiming that the term is intrinsically Greek and should not be used by a foreign country.
		Greece and Turkey have unresolved disagreements regarding the Aegean maritime boundary, the treatment of the Orthodox Church and Greek minority in Istanbul, and the Muslim (primarily ethnic Turkish) minority in western Thrace.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/3395.htm (4278 words)

	Communist Party of Greece - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		At the Third Extraordinary Congress of the SEKE-K in November 1924, the party was renamed the Communist Party of Greece and adopted the principles of Marxism-Leninism.
		ELAS forces were backed by Greece's communist neighbors (as they supported the annexation of Greek Macedonia to Yugoslavia), whereas the Greek government was backed by the British army.
		The crisis was provoked by the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia that crushed the Prague Spring.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/KKE (1978 words)

	Civil War in Greece
		In 1944 Greece is liberated from the German occupation though the celebration is a short one.
		With the King, the government and the army still in Egypt and the collapse of the occupation government, it is the Greek communists who control most of the country.
		The ranks of the DAG are swollen by enforced recruitment and villages that refuse to cooperate suffer severe reprisals.
	www.ahistoryofgreece.com /civilwar.htm (3975 words)

	Greek Civil War - Phantis
		The EAM and its military wing, the Greek National Liberation Army (Ethnikos Laikos Apeleftherotikos Stratos, or ELAS), were established by the Communist Party of Greece (the KKE).
		They now were organised as the Democratic Army of Greece (Dimokratikos Stratos Elladas, DSE), under the command of the ELAS veteran Markos Vafiadis (known as "General Markos"), who operated from a base in Yugoslavia.
		And when the national army was coming to the village the same citizens who had given supplies to the partizans, at gun point, were characterized as communist sympathizers and suffered the consequenses.
	wiki.phantis.com /index.php/Greek_Civil_War (4810 words)

	The Macedonia-Greece Name Dispute: Only the Tip of the Iceberg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Greece, which implicitly interrogates the existence of a Macedonian nation, threatened in November 2005 that it would veto Macedonia's entry into the EU and the NATO if the two countries cannot come to an agreement in the name dispute.
		Greece accuses Macedonia of irredentist designs over its northern region: “Naming a country after a neighbouring region is a de-facto irredentist strategy aimed at destabilising the region, and hoping that the country will absorb the neighbouring region”.
		In Greece, which became a EU member in 1981, a leaked secret National Security Service memorandum of February 1982 recommended “the non-return of the Macedonian political refugees and the hiring of non-Macedonian-speakers in the civil service and especially in schools”.
	www.axisglobe.com /article.asp?article=704 (2094 words)

	Osmanlı Tarihi Kültürü Medeniyeti Edebiyatı Sanatı
		Dedeagatch was captured by the army of Imperial Russia during the last Russoâ€“Turkish War of 1877â€“1878, and Russian forces settled in the village.
		Following the defeat of Greece in the Greco-Turkish War (1919 - 1922), forces of the Hellenic Army retreated from Eastern Thrace to the area of Alexandroupolis under the leadership of General Theodoros Pangalos.
		Forces of the Democratic Army of Greece in and around the town area were small and loosely organized, resulting in no major battles occurring in it.
	www.osmanlimedeniyeti.com /wiki/Alexandroupolis_.html (815 words)

	The Civil War
		The Democratic Army relied in part on Greece’s communist neighbors to the north, especially Tito in Yugoslavia.
		Papagos commanded the National Army, the DAG was originally commanded by Markos Vafiadis, but he was purged and replaced by Zakhariadis, who advocated direct battles.
		The DAG carried off some 25,000 children into communist countries—this earned for them considerable enmity, although their supposed purpose was to remove these children from the war zone.
	isthmia.osu.edu /teg/hist517/lec12.htm (1070 words)

	The Greek Civil War, 1944-1949 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In April 1941, Germany invaded Greece and occupied it in a typical Blitzkrieg“ campaign, that defeated not only the stubborn Greek but also the resistance of British troops deployed in the country, forcing the King George II and his government into exile in Egypt.
		Meanwhile, the Communist Party of Greece was divided between counsels of a political struggle or a continuation of the armed uprising, but the Siantos’ view prevailed and the party agreed to operate legally in Greek politics.
		A “Democratic Army of Greece” (DSE) was established under Gen. Vaphiadis, probably the best of the communist generals, who was a firm believer in guerrilla warfare and the gradual wearing down of the Greek government.
	www.acig.org /artman/publish/printer_294.shtml (7470 words)

	Nikos Zahariadis was probably the most controversial figure of the Greek communist party. He spent the entire second ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He was sent to Greece to organize the youth wing of the Greek communist party(KKE) in 1923 but was arrested and forced to flee back to Russia.
		When Greece was invaded by Italy he urged the communists to forget theit differences with the Metaxas regime and defend the country.
		After the defeat of the Greek communists, he went to Eastern Union with the remnants of the Democratic Army of Greece to wait for their opportunity to return and continue the struggle.
	www.ahistoryofgreece.com /biography/zahariadis.htm (305 words)

	Macedonia FAQ: The Aegean Part Of Macedonia After the Balkan Wars
		The violation of the ban on the use of the Macedonian language in the villages, market-places or the closed circle of the family caused great numbers of Macedonians to be convicted and deported to desolate Greek islands.
		Greece stated that no steps were taken for the protection of the "Slav-speaking minority in Greece" as it had been thought that the convention on reciprocal resettlement would result in "the moving of all Macedonians" beyond the borders of Greece.
		Immediately after the Bucharest Peace Treaty, when it became quite clear that Greece had usurped territory which did not belong to it either by the ethnic structure of the population or geographically, the Greek government conducted a census of the population in the new lands.
	faq.macedonia.org /history/12.1.4.html (4266 words)

	Helsinki and the Refugees
		At the end of the Civil war in Greece in 1948, fifty thousand persons of Macedonian national origin - underage children and women - fled across the Greek-Albanian and the Greek-Yugoslav borders as civil refugees from the war, first to Yugoslavia, then to the countries of "people's democracies" in Eastern Europe.
		Thus, the Law (Decree) on Discharging from Citizenship was passed in Greece on October 1, 1947, the Law No.2536 on Colonization of the Frontier Regions on August 23, 1953, the Law on Giving Declarations of Loyalty in 1959, a constitutional act on depriving citizenship 1967...
		Part of these refugees - which later succeeded in regulating their personal status by accepting citizenship (through naturalization) of some host country or of some overseas immigration country (USA, Australia, Canada) - are still banned from entering their country of origin, to visit their relatives, to use their properties and to enjoy other rights.
	www.gate.net /~mango/Helsinki_Refugees.htm (1059 words)

	ANISTORITON Journal of History, Archaeology, ArtHistory: An Essay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The aim of this article is both to outline British Army’s counter-guerrilla influence in Greece during the challenge of the civil war years and its contribution to the nature of the Greek National Army.
		The British sought to improve practises in Greece, by appointing former SAS offices, who had led police undercover squads in Palestine.(9) In this line of enquiry British importance in operations in Greece is introduced and American monopoly refuted.
		The last battalion that remained in Greece, after the British announcement to withdraw aid from Greece in February 1947, departed from Salonika after the end of the civil war in February 1950.(15) The reason was that negotiations had already started for Greece to join the northern alliance.
	www.anistor.co.hol.gr /english/enback/e033.htm (4037 words)

	Greek Democratic Army (1945-1949) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Greek Democratic Army was formed from the reorganization of the irregular forces of the Greek Communist Party (KKE) in 1947, at the height of the Greek Civil War, and (unfortunately) they fought against Greeks.
		The ELAS (Ellinikos Laikos Apeleyterotikos Stratos, Greek People's Liberation Army) was a broad left partizan group, the largest in Greece during the Second World War, but it was disbanded after the bloody events of December 1944 and the Varkiza agreement.
		The flag of the Greek Democratic Army was white with a white triangle with a red border, inscribed in a blue ring, itself inscribed in a white triangle with a red border.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/gr^dse.html (176 words)

	Beware the Threat of Albanian Nationalism [Free Republic]
		Tito's closure of his border with Greece crippled the insurgent Democratic Army of Greece during the civil war in the late 1940s and brought it swiftly to an end.
		Greece takes the threat of instability and further refugee flows so seriously that George Papandreou, its foreign minister, rushed recently to reassure the Macedonians of his government's support.
		As for the Bulgarians, who may now provide military aid to Skopje, their country was torn apart in the first half of the last century by Macedonian activists; they know the importance of preserving tranquillity.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3ab23efb7bd3.htm (1325 words)

	Blood and Tears by Dr. George Papavizas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He experiences the patriotic passion and the jubilation that swept the Hellenic nation and in fact this Hellenic victory marked the beginning of the end of Hitler's speculations to control the world and culminated in their fated collapse some three and a half years later.
		The most formidable and bloodiest battles between the communists and the Greek National Army took place on the mountains Grammos and Vitsi, the mountains on which Greece's army defeated the Italians just a few years earlier.
		However, the leadership of the "Democratic Army of Greece (the army of the Communist Party of Greece), Nicholas Zahariadis and Markos Vafiadis, had conflicting theories as to how their men would fight the Greek National Army, which aided the men of the Greek Army to have better results in fighting a weak, divided enemy.
	www.helleniccomserve.com /bloodandtears.html (1554 words)

	Index Be-Bh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A Democrat turned Republican, Beasley was elected to the state House in 1978 at age 20 and served 14 years, rising to majority leader and becoming chairman of the Education and Public Works Committee.
		The choice was a surprise because of his reputation as a conservative, but he emerged from the often nasty campaign as probably the least disliked national candidate and demonstrated his skills as a public speaker, persuader, and fund-raiser.
		Although the Democratic ticket lost on November 8, he was allowed by Texas law to run as both a national and a state candidate and was elected to his fourth term in the U.S. Senate.
	www.manic-raven.com /rulers/indexb2.html (15595 words)

	People's Weekly World - Harilaos Florakis, Greek leader, dies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Communist Party of Greece announced that its honorary chairman, Harilaos Florakis, died May 22 at the age of nearly 91.
		He fought against the occupation forces as a member of the National People’s Liberation Army (ELAS), and later against U.S. and British imperialism as a member of the Democratic Army, ultimately reaching the rank of major general.
		He was awarded the ELAS Medal of Honor and the Medal of Military Merit of the Democratic Army of Greece.
	www.pww.org /article/articleprint/7216 (296 words)

	Dimitrios Partsalidis - Phantis
		Partsalidis was born in 1905 in Trapezounta, in the Pontus region of Asia Minor.
		He came to Greece after the Asia Minor Disaster of 1922 and became involved in politics joining the Communist Party of Greece (KKE).
		The defeat of the communist Democratic Army of Greece (DSE) at the Battle of Grammos-Vitsi forced him into exile.
	wiki.phantis.com /index.php/Mitsos_Partsalidis (120 words)

	Army marksmen miss finals in day 4 of Olympic shooting
		Benning, Ga., competes in Trap shotgun shooting in the 2004 Olympics in Athens, Greece.
		ATHENS, Greece (Army News Service, Aug. 17, 2004) -- Two Soldiers from the U.S. Army Marksmanship Unit failed to reach the finals of their events in the 2004 Summer Olympic Games Aug. 17 at Markopoulo Olympic Shooting Centre.
		Democratic People’s Republic of Korea’s Jong Su Kim took the bronze medal with 657.7 points.
	www4.army.mil /ocpa/read.php?story_id_key=6270 (425 words)

	Once Upon a Time in the West (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The KKE was banned during the Metaxas regime and the subsequent German occupation of Greece.
		ELAS restyled itself as the Democratic Army of Greece (DSE), under the command of the ELAS veteran “General” Markos Vafiadis.
		Democratic Defense was a clandestine organization that opposed the military regime and which engaged in some bombings.
	www.russiastory.com (12187 words)

	Macedonia for the Macedonians
		In the period before the announcement of the suggestion and during the debate in Parliament a campaign of slander against Macedonians was carried out by the entire state and propaganda machinery, this being aimed at preparing domestic and international public opinion to regard the eventual implementation of this suggested action as completely justified.
		But in 1949, with the defeat of the 'democratic forces of Greece' by the 'promonarchist bourgeois forces' of the Greek government, these hopes were dashed.
		The Greek government attempted to "purify" Greece by denying Macedonians re-entry into the country to resettle, reclaim their property or even to visit.
	www.makedonija.info /aegean3.html (3909 words)

	Civil War
		In December 1946, Markos Vafiadis announced the formation of a communist Democratic Army of Greece (DAG), the successor of the ELAS.
		The DAG never exceeded 28,000 fighters, compared with about 265,000 troops in the national army and national police force at the end of the war.
		DAG forces scored some notable successes, but they were unable to capture any major towns.
	www.gogreece.com /learn/history/Civil_War.html (414 words)

	Macedonian Liberation Movement
		First he admits that the Yugoslav partisans are at odds with the IMRO and the slavophones- called Macedonians- in Greece whom he admits are pro Bulgarian and must be brought under the control of the CPY.
		In fact, when the Greek army entered Macedonia at the end of the war, they found whole villages who were heroically fighting the rebels and joined the National army.
		The toll of the civil war on Greece was extensive with over 70,000 killed and almost 30,000 abductees in other countries.
	www.macedoniagreece.com /modernhistory4.php (5580 words)

	People's Weekly World - Left-wing festivals showcase politics, culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		ATHENS, Greece — Autumn festivals organized by Communist parties and their allied youth groups are a longstanding tradition in many European countries, especially in Greece, Portugal, Spain and, since 1991, in the Czech Republic.
		This year the festival commemorated the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Democratic Army of Greece, a key force in the struggle against Anglo-American imperialism and its domestic right-wing allies during the Civil War of 1946-1949.
		In Portugal and Greece, for example, festival organizers hosted communist and communist youth delegations from more than 40 countries, thereby promoting shared goals like ending the war in Lebanon, freeing the Cuban Five and providing support to countries facing the threat of imperialist aggression.
	www.pww.org /article/articleview/9938/1/342 (655 words)

	Communist Party of Greece - 1946-1949, Democratic Army of Greece (DSE)
		DSE was in every sense a democratic people's army.
		More than 65,000 communists and other fighters and supporters of EAM and DSE were forced to leave Greece and seek refuge in the Socialist countries (around 20,000 of them were deprived of their citizenship), 40,000 were sent to the prisons and concentration camps such as Makronnissos.
		The executions of resistance fighters continued until 1955 (at least 5,000 were executed including the famous case of Nikos Belogiannis, member of the PB of the KKE)
	inter.kke.gr /PhotoAlbum/history/KKEphotos/dse/dse (224 words)

	TIME.com: Coronet -- Jul 5, 1948 -- Page 1
		The Greek army launched its big offensive—"Operation Coronet."* The Greeks threw six divisions and other units (70,000 men) against 8,000 rebels in Communist General Markos' Mount Grammos stronghold, near the Albanian border.
		The Spaghetti Is Cooked." TIME Correspondent Mary Barber watched part of the battle from a brigade command post in Fort Nestorion, overlooking Hill 1291, the day's objective in that sector.
		Gradually the quick chatter of the rebels' Breda and Spandau machine guns was subdued and the slower Greek army Brens took over.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,856064,00.html (646 words)

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