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Topic: Democratic Labour Party (West Indies Federation)

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	West Indies - British West Indies Travel Information
		The federation was created by the United Kingdom in 1958 as a way of simultaneously satisfying the demands for independence of all colonies in the region.
		The legal basis for the federation was the British Caribbean Federation Act 1956, and the date of January 3, 1958 was set by an Order-in-Council proclaimed in 1957.
		Two Federal parties were organised as confederations of local political parties, both of whom were organised by Jamaican politicians; the West Indian Federation Labour Party by Norman Manley and the Democratic Labour Party by Alexander Bustamante.
	www.caribbeanplacestostay.com /locations/west-indies/about/british-west-indies-history.cfm (521 words)

	West Indies Federation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At its widest (west to east), from the Cayman Islands to Barbados it spanned some 2, 425 kilometres (and across approximately 22 degrees of longitude) and from the Turks and Caicos Islands in the north, to the Icacos Point, Trinidad in the south it extended 1,700 kilometres (and across 12 degrees of latitude).
		The Federal Parliament was bicameral, consisting of a nominated Senate and a popularly elected House of Representatives.
		The Bustamante-led Jamaica Labour Party (the local component of the West Indian DLP) successfully forced Manley to hold a referendum in September 1961 on political secession from the Federation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/West_Indies_Federation (3204 words)

	OAS Children's Page
		For more than ten years afterwards, he worked on building the foundation of the Federation of the West Indies; and were it not for extreme insularity, selfishness and envy elsewhere in the region, these Caribbean states might today be among the world's mini power blocs.
		A firm believer in the highest principles of democratic socialism, Sir Grantley led the movement to sever Caribbean trade unions from the World Federation of Trade Unions, according to Hoyos, and was instrumental in the founding of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions.
		On his departure to lead the West Indies Federation, Sir Grantley chose Dr. Hugh Gordon Cummins to head the party and be Premier of Barbados in 1958.
	www.oas.org /children/heroes/Barba.Heroes/adams.htm (1301 words)

	Barbados Elections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In 1958 The Barbados Labour Party won four of the five seats in the House of Representatives in the Federal Parliament.
		The West Indies Federation was dissolved on May 31, 1962 and Sir Grantley returned to Barbados on June 3.
		The Barbados Labour Party has good reason to be proud of its leaders and their records through the passing of significant social legislation, brilliant economic management, fine infra-structure, improvement of the status of women and its current plans for the alleviation of poverty.
	www.caribbeanedu.com /elections/bb03_blp.asp (733 words)

	Government of Barbados History
		Political awakening of the fl population was noticeable in the 1920's and crystallised in the formation of the Democratic League by Charles Duncan O'Neal.
		The Barbados Labour Party took the reins of government again, when in the General Elections of 1976 and 1981 it was led to power by Mr.
		Owen Arthur led the Barbados Labour Party to victory in the 1994 elections.
	www.barbados.gov.bb /history.htm (812 words)

	Ch 10 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Other West Indian islands followed Jamaica's lead in sending men to fight, so the British War Office resolved to regard all West Indians as one unit to be known as The British West Indies Regiment.
		It was attended by representatives of the West Indian colonies and its object was to provide a place where representatives of the different Governments could meet and discuss their problems.
		In Federal Elections held in April, the Bustamante-led Democratic Labour Party won 12 seats in Jamaica to 5 won be the Federal Labour Party, led by Norman Manley.
	www.discoverjamaica.com /gleaner/discover/geography/history6.htm (4492 words)

	Trinicenter.com - Dr. Kwame Nantambu - W.I. Federation: Failure from the start
		The attempt to coalesce Barbados in a federal union with the Windward Islands in the 1870s was defeated by a violent opposition which culminated in the so-called confederation riots of 1876.
		Taking the cue that the West Indian political leaders had an overt desire to group themselves into a federation, the British Secretary of State for the Colonies announced British support for "the establishment of (a) federation at the appropriate time" and the colonial legislatures were called upon to voice their opinions.
		Final agreement to federate was reached in 1956 and the Federation was formally launched on 3 January 1958 with the assumption of duty of the Governor-General in Port-of-Spain, Trinidad.
	www.trinicenter.com /kwame/2005/1212.htm (3466 words)

	[No title]
		The Democratic Labour Party broke away in 1955 and when full internal self-government was granted in 1961, it won the general elections under Errol Barrow who became prime minister when full independence was achieved in 1966.
		There was a regrouping of the left of centre parties to form the Labour Party of Dominica which was the main opposition to Eugenia Charles who was re-elected in 1985 and again, but with a reduced majority, in 1990.
		Until 1960 it was a colony within the Windward Islands federal system and in 1967 was given internal self-government as a West Indies associated state with John Compton, leader of the United Workers' Party, as prime minister.
	www.gaminggeeks.org /Resources/KateMonk/England-Colonies/West-Indies-History.htm (4467 words)

	Jamaica Gleaner - The '50s - complexions, migration and political change - Sunday \| July 1, 2001
		In 1956 a conference was held in London of representatives of the West Indian island territories to discuss Federation.
		In 1958 Jamaica became a member territory of the West Indies Federation when it was proclaimed on February 23.
		During this year the Sugar Industry Labour Welfare Board was established to improve and control the conditions of workers and their dependents on sugar estates and cane farms.
	www.jamaica-gleaner.com /gleaner/20010701/out/out1.html (1027 words)

	Caribbean People Masses Unity Committee
		The West Indies Federation was first support by the Caribbean populous in 1938 when the British Guiana and West Indian Labour Conference met in Georgetown, Barbados in 1938 that was attended by labour leaders.
		Port of Spain Trinidad was the Capital of the West Indies Federation.
		The West Indies Federation was created by the Colonial Power Britain as its means of satisfying the demands for independence of all colonies in the region.
	www.cpmuc.org /CaribbeanHistory.htm (2446 words)

	Barbados History - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ...
		The Democratic League succeeded in electing a few representatives to the House of Assembly between 1924 and 1932, but it is chiefly remembered for inspiring O'Neale's nephew, Errol Barrow, to found the Democratic Labour Party (DLP).
		While Adams struggled with increasing problems in the federation, Barrow supported the sugar workers in their campaign for higher wages and in turn won their support for the DLP; as a result, the DLP won the 1961 elections by a large majority.
		Barrow also explored the possibility of joining another federation of the so-called Little Eight islands (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, barbados, Montserrat, St. Christopher [hereafter, St. Kitts]-Nevis-Anguilla, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines); this too came to naught, however, and the DLP espoused full independence with the concurrence of the opposition parties.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/barbados/barbados_history_index.html (1518 words)

	Fan The Flame by Leonard Tim Hector (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In that unlike the rest of the English-speaking region where two populist parties, either centrist or centre-right based themselves on dividing the working people and setting them at each other’s throats, the better to allow the persistence of the old colonial economy and new forms of foreign domination, this was not so in Guyana.
		In either case, be it the case of two labour parties based on rivalry between the working people, or two parties based on races set in rivalry, foreign capital and the external accumulation of wealth takes place, and therefore there is no capital accumulation for national development.
		All organs of such parties are mis-educated to have no respect for any kind of principle, be it observance of the elementary rules of natural justice, or accountability for Party or Public finance.
	www.candw.ag /~jardinea/ffhtm/ff000623.htm (3401 words)

	Government of Barbados - Sir Grantley Adams
		This was the peak of his work for the formation of this united labour front, which brought together the political Caribbean.
		For more than ten years afterwards, he worked on building the foundation of the Federation of the West Indies; and were it not for extreme insularity, selfishness and envy elsewhere in the region, these Caribbean states might today be among the world's mini power blocs.
		On his departure to lead the West Indies Federation, Sir Grantley chose Dr. Hugh Gordon Cummins to head the party and be Premier of Barbados in 1958.
	www.barbados.gov.bb /grantleya.htm (1300 words)

	Caribbean Online - Routes to Roots (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The federation was created to facilitate the transition to independence for a number of British colonies, and represented neither the political will of the majority nor the historical reality of the ties among the British West Indies.
		Formed in 1958 the Federation was initially optimistically embraced by all, but the unity did not last.
		The federation quickly dissolved with many former provinces gaining full independence and sovereignty, and some reverting to being British colonies.
	www.sas.ac.uk /commonwealthstudies/carib_web/fed.htm (267 words)

	Trinidad and Tobago - The Road to Independence
		After the 1950 elections, none of Butler's party was chosen to sit on the Executive Council, the result being that Gomes practically ran the government.
		Because the British were hoping to form a Caribbean federation or, as a second choice, to launch viable independent countries, it was in their interest to support Williams, a charismatic fl leader who had founded a strong political party, who had international education and experience, and who believed in private domestic and foreign investment.
		A number of groups united to oppose the PNM in the federal elections of 1958 under the banner of the Democratic Labour Party (DLP).
	countrystudies.us /caribbean-islands/40.htm (1684 words)

	Barbados Elections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Captain Henry Powell lands a party of English settlers who establish a colony, which they then develop as a sugar plantation economy using slaves brought in from Africa.
		Democratic Labour Party (DLP) formed out of a splinter of the BLP.
		Barbados a member of the British-sponsored Federation of the West Indies, of which Grantley Adams became the first prime minister.
	www.caribbeanedu.com /elections/bb09.asp (331 words)

	A short history of Dominica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In 1940 it is transferred to the federal colony of the Windward Islands.
		After the dissolution of the British West Indies in 1962, Dominica becomes a seperate British colony, restyled in 1967 in an associated state.
		In 2000 Rosie Douglas of the Dominica Labour Party (DLP, also known as the Labour Party of Dominica since 1985) becomes prime minister in a coalition with the DFP, but later that year he dies and is succeeded by Pierre Charles of the DLP.
	www.electionworld.org /history/dominica.htm (485 words)

	The Weekend Star Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In the years since the collapse of the West Indies Federation in 1962, the OECS countries have established and enjoyed a relatively high-level of co-operation in governmental and other areas.
		This active involvement of the opposition parties in the whole process leading to referendum was important for another very crucial reason: the constitutions of each of the independent states concerned also require that any referendum to alter one of its clauses must have the support of two-thirds of the votes cast by the electorate.
		In the era approaching independence, political parties had instilled in their people the need for full control of their affairs and, in the period after independence, they had preached the value of national symbols and national heroes.
	www.stluciastar.com /weekend/friJan28-05/feature.htm (1813 words)

	WEST INDIES FEDERATION FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Federation of the West Indies, also known as the West Indian Federation, was a short-lived, now defunct Caribbean federation that existed from January 3, 1958 to May 31, 1962.
		To the southeast lies the second largest island, Trinidad, followed by Barbados, located at the eastern extremity of the Federation.
		Both were organised by Jamaican politicians: the West Indian Federation Labour Party by Norman Manley, and the Democratic Labour Party by Alexander Bustamante.
	www.gamestupid.com /West_Indies_Federation (2920 words)

	Barbados Labour Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		From 1958 to 1962, Barbados was one of 10 members of the West Indies Federation, and Sir Grantley Adams served as its first and only prime minister.
		When the federation was terminated, Barbados reverted to its former status as a self-governing colony.
		Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister after consultation with the leader of the opposition.
	www.blp.org.bb /index.php?ZZZ=2_1051 (582 words)

	Chasing after an elusive union - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM
		BOTH the governing People's National Party (PNP) and the parliamentary Opposition Jamaica Labour Party continue to distance themselves, as expected, from the chase for what remains an elusive goal after the collapse of the West Indies Federation in 1962.
		After former Vincentian Prime Minister James Mitchell's commendable push for a political union of OECS countries crashed on the rock of insularism and political opportunism, it was left to the heads of government of the four Windward Islands to promote a limited political union within the OECS subregion.
		And, as recent as this year's May general election in Barbados, neither constitutional reform nor regional political integration was an issue of significance for either the incumbent Barbados Labour Party or the Opposition Democratic Labour Party.
	jamaicaobserver.com /columns/html/20030720T080000-0500_46578_OBS_CHASING_AFTER_AN_ELUSIVE_UNION.asp (877 words)

	JAMAICA
		During the social unrest of the 1930s, two major political parties were formed - the Jamaica Labour Party (JLP) by Alexander Bustamante, and the People's National Party (PNP) by Norman Manley.
		Jamaica joined the West Indies Federation in 1958, but withdrew following a referendum in 1961.
		The PNP instituted a democratic socialist government from 1974-80, and the JLP established free-enterprise government from 1980.
	www.caribbeancourtofjustice.org /cntryinfo/infojamaica.htm (286 words)

	Barbados (06/07)
		From 1958 to 1962, Barbados was one of 10 members of the West Indies Federation, and Sir Grantley Adams served as its first and only prime minister.
		When the federation was terminated, Barbados reverted to its former status as a self-governing colony.
		Following several attempts to form another federation composed of Barbados and the Leeward and Windward Islands, Barbados negotiated its own independence at a constitutional conference with the United Kingdom in June 1966.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/26507.htm (2410 words)

	Get Up to Date Information and Resources about Bahamas Federation Of Labour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Baptist Minister A E Hutcheson, (Secretary) and businessmen Leon McKinney and Charles Rhodriquez (head of the Federation of Labour...
		1955 - Founder of the Bahamas Federation of Labour.
		The WIFLP promised to encourage the Bahamas (in addition to British Guiana and British Honduras) to join the Federation...
	scruntch.info /bahamas/bahamas-federation-of-labour.php (301 words)

	Edwin Leopold Allen
		In the first Independence Government, he was Minister of Education, 1962 — 1972, a senior Ministerial position and during the 1980 — 83 incumbency of the Jamaica Labour Party led government, was Special Advisor to the Government on Education.
		He rose to the office of third Deputy Leader of the Jamaica Labour Party and acted as Prime Minister on several occasions.
		He was an active participant in initiatives to establish the West Indies Federation and served as member of the Standing Committee on the West Indies Federation.
	www.jamaicateachers.org.jm /t_blazers/allene.asp (1114 words)

	Background Notes: Federation of St. Kitts & Nevis Country Background St. Kitts Country Background .St. Kitts & Nevis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The prime minister is the leader of the majority party of the house, and the cabinet conducts affairs of state.
		In 1994, a controversy related to drug trafficking by two sons of the then-deputy prime minister was partially responsible for a prison riot which extensively damaged the prison.
		In March 2000 elections, Denzil Douglas and the Labour Party were returned to power, winning eight of the 11 seats in Parliament.
	www.realadventures.com /listings/1024210.htm (1788 words)

	Excite UK - Travel - Caribbean - Barbados - History and Government
		Slaves were brought to the island from Africa, to work on the sugar plantations until the abolition of slavery in the mid-19th century.
		Barbados joined the West Indies Federation in 1958 and was granted internal self-government three years later.
		Politics on the island have since been dominated by the Barbados Labour Party (BLP) – formed by Grantley Adams in 1937 – and the rival Democratic Labour Party (DLP), which began life after a split in the BLP.
	travel.excite.co.uk /travel/guides/caribbean/barbados/HistoryGovernment (461 words)

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