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Topic: Democratic Republic of Vietnam

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	granma.cu -
		Ho Chi Minh and the proclamation of the Republic of Vietnam
		That was the general situation in Vietnam when Ho Chi Minh and his comrades from the Communist Party of Indochina and subsequently of Vietnam, founded by him, proclaimed a sovereign and independent republic, disposed to help liberate its sister colonies of Laos and Cambodia as soon as humanly possible.
		To the north, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, with its capital in Hanoi, and to the south, the Republic of South Vietnam, with its capital in Saigon.
	www.granma.cu /ingles/2005/septiembre/vier2/36vietnam2-i.html (1863 words)

	Democratic Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The reasons why countries call themselves Democratic Republics are also very different from case to case, but the common denominator seems to be that all these countries were created as a result of a revolution or war of independence against a domestic or foreign regime that was widely seen as tyrannical, oppressive and undemocratic.
		This may be the reason why Democratic Republics tend to be either ex-colonies (Congo, Sri Lanka, Algeria, etc.) who achieved independence after breaking away from an imperialist power, or communist states that were created after the overthrow of a capitalist regime (since communists regard capitalism as inherently undemocratic).
		In particular, the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) gave themselves the title of "Democratic Republics" as a way of implying that their rivals - West Germany and South Korea - were not democratic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Democratic_Republic (384 words)

	North Vietnam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN), or less commonly, Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Vietnamese: Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa), also known as North Vietnam, was founded by Ho Chi Minh and was recognized by the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union in 1950.
		In 1954 after the defeat of France at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, France formally recognized the DRV and the country was partitioned in two by the Demilitarised Zone (or DMZ at the 17th parallel).
		North Vietnam's capital was Hanoi and it was ruled by a Communist government allied with the Soviet Union and China.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/North_Vietnam (417 words)

	Re: October 19
		The recognition of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam by the People's Republic of China on January 18, 1950, and by the USSR on January 31, 1950, indicated that it could no longer be treated as a mere rebel group.
		Vietnam required the permission of the French Government before it changed the status of any French property and enterprise in its territory, and when the Vietnamese Government employed foreign advisers and technicians they were to be from France whenever possible and had to be approved by the French Government.
		The Democratic Republic of Vietnam was ruling in the area North of the 16th Parallel as a sovereign State between August 1945 and December 1946.
	chss2.montclair.edu /furrg/_vwac99/00000077.htm (19315 words)

	ICL - Vietnam Index
		The Socialist Republic of Vietnam has had four constitutions, adopted in 1946, 1959, 1980, and 1992; the current constitution was amended in 2001.
		Meanwhile, the capitalist-oriented Republic of Vietnam in the south only survived through the massive financial and military aid of the United States while constantly failing to build a stable and democratically legitimized government.
		July 1954: Geneva Peace Accord signed by France and North Vietnam: Vietnam is formally divided into two separate zones of North (Democratic Republic of Vietnam, Capital: Hanoi) and South (Republic of Vietnam, Capital: Saigon) along the 17th Parallel; the separation is described as provisional and national elections are scheduled for 1956.
	www.oefre.unibe.ch /law/icl/vm__indx.html (2551 words)

	AII POW-MIA - Paris Peace Accord Violations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The Democratic Republic of Vietnam also has moved military personnel and military equipment in and through the demilitarized zone is direct violation of Articles 7 and 15 (B) of the Peace Agreement and of Article 7 of the Cease-fire Protocol.
		However the reaction of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and Cambodian forces under its control was a total military offensive, despite obligations assumed by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in Article 20 of the Agreement and Article 8 of the Act of Paris.
		This suspension is justified as a response to the numerous material breaches of the Agreement by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in accordance with the rule of international law that a material breach of an international agreement by one party entitles the other party to suspend operation of the Agreement in whole or in part.
	www.aiipowmia.com /sea/ppaviolate0473.html (2380 words)

	granma.cu - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		That was the general situation in Vietnam when Ho Chi Minh and his comrades from the Communist Party of Indochina and subsequently of Vietnam, founded by him, proclaimed a sovereign and independent republic, disposed to help liberate its sister colonies of Laos and Cambodia as soon as humanly possible.
		In virtue of the agreements reached at the end of the war and with that, the end of French colonialism in Vietnam, the troops of the metropolis were supposed to meet up south of the 17th Parallel to leave for their country.
		To the north, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, with its capital in Hanoi, and to the south, the Republic of South Vietnam, with its capital in Saigon.
	feeds.laosnews.net /?rid=ff07c8b5048ac9db&cat=a6670896145a3ae3&f=1 (1863 words)

	UNHCR - Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
		The Socialist Republic of Vietnam shall consider granting asylum to foreigners struggling for freedom, national independence, socialism, democracy and peace, or are harmed because of their scientific work.
		The national flag of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is rectangular in shape, its width being equal to two-thirds of its length; in the middle of a red background is a five-pointed gold star.
		The national emblem of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is circular in shape; in the middle of a red background is a five-pointed gold star framed by rice ears below which is half a cog wheel and the inscription: Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
	www.unhcr.org /home/RSDLEGAL/3ae6b573c.html (8174 words)

	Vietnam travel and tourism information, hotels and tours in Vietnam
		After negotiations between the DRV and the French collapsed in December 1946, the Viet Minh attacked French forces in Hanoi and ignited an eight year war that culminated in the historic French military defeat at Dien Bien Phu in 1954.
		Vietnam was split in two by the 1954 Geneva Accords: the Communist north, and the anti-Communist, US-supported, south.
		On 25th April 1976, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was renamed the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
	www.visit-mekong.com /vietnam (543 words)

	H.E. Mr. Nguyen Manh Cam, The Socialist Republic of Vietnam
		Vietnam hopes that legal procedures would be completed soon to pave the way for countries outside the region to associate with, so that the basic content of the Treaty would become a kind of "Code of Conduct" not only for ASEAN but also in ASEAN relations with countries outside the region.
		Vietnam welcomes various commemorative activities at both regional and national levels so as to raise public awareness of ASEAN and of the need to consolidate our cooperation in all fields for the prosperity of each and every member country.
		Vietnam wishes to enjoy close cooperation and assistance from other ASEAN member countries in order to ensure a glorious success of the Hanoi Summit, thus marking a new milestone in the evolution of ASEAN.
	www.aseansec.org /4004.htm (1853 words)

	Geneva Conventions 1949 - Viet Nam reservation text (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Article 12: The Democratic Republic of Vietnam declares that the transfer by the Detaining Power of prisoners of war to a Power which is a party to the Convention does not release the Detaining Power from its responsibility for the application of the provisions of the Convention to such prisoners.
		Article 85: The Democratic Republic of Vietnam declares that prisoners of war tried and convicted of war crimes or crimes against humanity, in accordance with the principles laid down by the Nuremberg Judicial Tribunal, shall not benefit from the provisions of the present Convention as is specified in Article 85.
		Article 45: The Democratic Republic of Vietnam declares that the transfer by the Detaining Power of protected persons to a Power which is a party to the Convention does not release the Detaining Power from its responsibility for the application of the provisions of the Convention relating to civilian persons in time of war.
	www.icrc.org /IHL.NSF/NORM/3092893761F8178BC1256402003F9940?OpenDocument (599 words)

	CNN Cold War - Historic Documents: Letter from Ho Chi Minh
		In South Vietnam, half a million U.S. and satellite troops have resorted to the most inhuman weapons and most barbarous methods of warfare, such as napalm, toxic chemicals and gases, to massacre our compatriots, destroy crops, and raze villages to the ground.
		Such is the basis of the five-point stand of the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, which embodies the essential principles and provision of the 1954 Geneva Agreements on Vietnam; it is the basis of a correct political solution to the Vietnam problem.
		It is only after the unconditional cessation of U.S. bombing raids and all other acts of war against the Democratic Republic of Vietnam that the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the U.S. could enter into talks and discuss questions concerning the two sides.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/11/documents/ho.chi.minh.letter (648 words)

	Democratic Republic of Vietnam Peace Proposal, June 26, 1971
		In South Vietnam, the United States ceases supporting Thieu, Ky, Khiem to allow the formation in Saigon of a new administration standing for peace, independence, neutrality, and democracy.
		The DRV Government and the PRGRSV request from the U.S. Government reparations for damage caused by the United States in the two zones of Vietnam.
		For its part, the DRV is prepared to participate in the settlement of these problems.
	www.vietnamwar.net /PeaceProposal.htm (321 words)

	165. Message from the Government of the United States to the Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, New ...
		The DRV is aware that once agreement in principle had been reached the U.S. unilaterally and without any reciprocity significantly reduced its bombing of the north.
		The U.S. is determined to end the war rapidly and to begin a new era in its relations with the DRV moving from hostility to friendship.
		It is up to the DRV to decide whether to use the pretext of understandable disappointments to continue a conflict which has no further objective or whether to seize this opportunity to move toward normalcy, reciprocity and cooperation.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ho/frus/nixon/e13/72623.htm (712 words)

	The Viet Nam Wars
		In South Vietnam, the United States ceases supporting Thieu.Ky.Khiem to allow the formation in Saigon of a new administration standing for peace, independence, neutrality, and democracy.
		The DRV Government and the PRGRSV request from the U.S. Government reparations for damage caused by the United States in the two zones of Vietnam.
		For its part, the DRV is prepared to participate in the settlement of these problems.
	vietnam.vassar.edu /doc19.html (361 words)

	Vietnam War Timeline
		Johnson promises to continue to help South Vietnam fend off aggression from the North, but adds that the US will be monitoring South Vietnam's efforts to expand democracy and improve economic conditions for its citizens.
		Report Cites Damage to Vietnam Ecology: According to a report issued by The National Academy of Science, use of chemical herbicides during the war caused long-term damage to the ecology of Vietnam.
		Douglas "Pete" Peterson, a prisoner of war for 6 years during the Vietnam War, is named US envoy to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, while H.E. Le Van Bang assumes the position of Vietnamese ambassador to the United States.
	www.english.uiuc.edu /maps/vietnam/timeline.htm (3736 words)

	Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
		For the people of Vietnam, who were just beginning to recover from five years of ruthless economic exploitation by the Japanese, the end of World War II promised to bring eighty years of French control to a close.
		As the League for the Independence of Vietnam (Vietnam Doc Lap Dong Minh Hoi), better known as the Viet Minh, Vietnamese nationalists had fought against the Japanese invaders as well as the defeated French colonial authorities.
		For these reasons, we, members of the Provisional Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, solemnly declare to the world that Vietnam has the right to be a free and independent country—and in fact is so already.
	historymatters.gmu.edu /d/5139 (1021 words)

	Democratic Republic of Vietnam
		The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN), also known as North Vietnam, was founded by Ho Chi Minh and was recognized by China and the USSR in 1950.
		North Vietnam was a Communist State, the first in South-East Asia.
		A literary movement (Humanist arts) attempted to democratize the country and allow people to freely express their thoughts resulted in a purge in which many intellectuals and writers were sent to reeducation because they did not agree with the government.
	www.vietnamwar.net /DRVN.htm (330 words)

	The Cold War Museum - Vietnam Conflict (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		In the Vietnam War -- which lasted from the mid-1950s until 1975 -- the United States and the southern-based Republic of Vietnam (RVN) opposed the southern-based revolutionary movement known as the Viet Cong and its sponsor, the Communist Democratic Republic of Vietnam (the DRV, or North Vietnam).
		The war was the second of two major conflicts that spread throughout Indochina, with Vietnam as its focal point (see Vietnam).
		Communist victory in 1975 had profound ramifications for the United States; it was not only a setback to the containment of communism in Asia but a shock to American self-confidence.
	www.coldwar.org /articles/50s/vietnam_conflict.php3 (137 words)

	173. Message From the Government of the United States to the Representatives of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, ...
		Message From the Government of the United States to the Representatives of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, December 29, 1972
		Attached for the information of the Chinese side is a message which will be delivered by the U.S. side to the DRV representatives in Paris at 9:30 a.m.
		The decision must be made now whether it is possible to move from a period of hostility to one of normalization.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ho/frus/nixon/e13/72637.htm (528 words)

	Vietnam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		A republic occupying the eastern half of Indochina.
		The Democratic Republic of Vietnam was established in 1954, after the defeat of French forces by the nationalist Vietminh.
		During the past few years, political controls have been relaxed, and Vietnam is pursuing a policy of economic growth by encouraging foreign investment.
	www.trussel.com /stamps/smoking/country/vietnam.htm (290 words)

	ipedia.com: Democratic Republic of Afghanistan Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Political leadership of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan was asserted within three days of the military takeover.
		Until 1985 it was governed by a provisional constitution, "The Fundamental Principles of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan." Supreme sovereignty was vested in a Revolutionary Council, originally a body of fifty-eight members whose number later varied.
		The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA) occupied Afghanistan's seat at the United Nations General Assembly.
	www.ipedia.com /democratic_republic_of_afghanistan.html (8038 words)

	SparkNotes: The Vietnam War (1945-1975): Diem and the Republic of Vietnam: 1955–1960
		In the years that followed, Madame Nhu would emerge as a notorious figure in Vietnam and on the world stage; arrogant, extravagant, and prone to nasty, on-the-record comments, she created one public relations disaster after another for the U.S.-backed Diem government.
		Although the Ngo family was universally hated in South Vietnam, Diem, despite his Catholic faith and dictatorial tendencies, had been widely respected as a sincere nationalist in the years before he came to power.
		And in a nation as undeveloped as Vietnam was at the time, power in the cities meant far less than it would have in a developed country.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/american/vietnamwar/section4.rhtml (935 words)

	Vietnam War
		Vietnam War, conflict in Southeast Asia, primarily fought in South Vietnam between government forces aided by the United States and guerrilla forces aided by North Vietnam.
		It escalated from a Vietnamese civil war into a limited international conflict in which the United States was deeply involved, and did not end, despite peace agreements in 1973, until North Vietnam's successful offensive in 1975 resulted in South Vietnam's collapse and the unification of Vietnam by the North.
		Vietnam War - U.S., South Vietnam, and Allies versus North Vietnam and National Liberation Front (Viet Cong).
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0850869.html (175 words)

	Ho Chi Minh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Born Nguyen Sinh Cung, and known as "Uncle Ho," he led the Democratic Republic of Vietnam from 1945-69.
		The U.S. government must stop definitely and unconditionally its bombing raids and all other acts of war agains tthe Democratic Republic of Vietnam, withdraw from South Vietnam all U.S. and satellite troops, recognize the South Vietnam National Front for Liberation, and let the Vietnamese people settle themselves their own affairs.
		Such is the basis of the five-point stand of the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, which embodies the essential principles and parovision of the 1954 Geneva Agreements on Vietnam; it is the basis of a correct political solution to the Vietnam problem.
	www.trincoll.edu /classes/hist300/hochi.htm (693 words)

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