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	Democratic deficit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term democratic deficit is usually used to refer to organizations which are democratic to some extent, but are not as democratic as they could be.
		The United Nations, European Union and United Kingdom are often accused of having democratic deficits.
		There would be no change to the principle that EU laws, and the terms of constitution itself, supersede national laws: "The Constitution and law adopted by the institutions of the Union in exercising competences conferred on it shall have primacy over the law of the Member States" (Article I-6).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Democratic_deficit (968 words)

	Democracy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A successful democratic political culture implies that the losing parties and their supporters accept the judgment of the voters, and allow for the peaceful transfer of power - the concept of a "loyal opposition".
		In democratic theory, the common justification for these limits is that they are necessary to guarantee the existence of democracy, or the existence of the freedoms themselves.
		Many social democratic parties in the world are evolutions of revolutionary parties that, for ideologic or pragmatic reasons, came to embrace a strategy of gradual change through existing institutions, or a policy of working for liberal reforms prior to more profound social change, instead of sudden revolutionary change.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Democracy (8030 words)

	What is the Democratic Deficit and how might it best be addressed? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The issue of the "democratic deficit" in relation to european institutions is one which has of been concern to statesmen since the earliest days of the community.
		The question of the democratic deficit involves not just a discussion of the role of the European Parliament, but also an examination of the roles of other institutions, and especially the need to look at the way in which these institutions relate to each other.
		Mason-Browne, Dinan and Wistrich are all agreed that the essence of the democratic deficit lies in the gap between the powers of the Council and Commission on the one hand, and the European Parliament on the other.
	www.csc.tcd.ie /~unionist/ozy/words/europe.htm (2158 words)

	The Impact of Democratic Deficits on Electronic Media in Rural Development
		Although the term democratic deficit is regularly used in discourse on democracy, its frequent use does not mean the existence of an unambiguous and generally accepted definition for the term.
		However, it may be that the extent to which democratic practices and processes are established and safeguarded as a constitutive element of the socio-political and economic context of a nation-state is a more important indicator of the democratic deficit of a nation-state.
		Despite the democratic deficit, a number of the ideal-types which could be identified in rural Peru corresponded with a certain media friendliness of the socio-political and economic context.
	firstmonday.org /issues/issue7_4/koert (5518 words)

	Murray Goot- Public Opinion and the Democratic Deficit
		A ‘democratic deficit’ might be defined as the gap between the democratic ideal and the daily reality of democratic life.
		But ‘democratic deficit’ is not a phrase that finds much place in the burgeoning literature on deliberative democracy, among contemporary writings on direct democracy or in reports from those involved in democratic audits, where the performance of actually existing democracies are measured against a number of democratic criteria (cf.
		At one extreme lies the democratic ideal famously articulated by the political economist Joseph Schumpeter: ‘that institutional arrangement for arriving at political decisions in which individuals acquire the power to decide by means of a competitive struggle for the people’s vote’ (1943: 269).
	www.lib.latrobe.edu.au /AHR/archive/Issue-May-2003/goot.html (4973 words)

	ECSA Forum: Democracy and Constitutionalism in the European Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Democratization, especially in such unprecedented circumstances and for such a large-scale polity, is bound to activate unexpected linkages, to involve less predicable publics and to generate less limited expectations.
		Thus, a deficit of democracy will remain endemic at the European level as long as the majority of citizens of the member states continue to view the nation state as the real arena of democratic politics and oppose the idea of a super-state, while supporting far-reaching economic integration.
		However, the expression " democratic deficit" is also used to indicate a set of problems-control of discretion, accountability, transparency, fairness-that arise whenever important powers are delegated to institutions which, by design, are not directly responsible to the voters or to their elected representatives.
	www.eustudies.org /DemocracyForum.htm (4958 words)

	Foreign Policy -- Democrats
		Democrats must resist a new orthodoxy within our party—a politically stagnating shift that does a disservice to more than 75 years of history.
		That is the new conventional wisdom of consultants, pollsters, and strategists who argue that Democrats should be the party of domestic issues alone.
		John Kerry explains why the Democrats should not be silent on international affairs in “Democrats and the War on Terrorism” (Blueprint, September/October 2002).
	www.foreignpolicy.com /issue_marapr_2003/JKessay.html (1417 words)

	POL214 Paper
		These deficits will be explored, ideas for reform will be mentioned, and the paper will ultimately conclude with the suggestion that while the world has certainly become more complicated, a “globalized” or “post-modern” world does not inherently mean a less democratic one.
		It should be pointed out that not all member states of organizations such as the WTO and the IMF are democratic nations, and this opens up the possibility that these organizations, if steered by their democratic members, could actually be used to further democracy in the still undemocratic world (Nye 2).
		He details his plan to link 25,000 democratically elected representatives and parliamentarians from around the world into an international forum where they can discuss “how to coordinate activity in their different national legislatures to address global problems more effectively and bring more democratic accountability, resources, and vision to existing international institutions” (11).
	www.nathancrooks.com /Pol214.htm (2931 words)

	A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union --D--
		Moreover, though he reflected more deeply than his contemporaries on European questions, he approached the problem of the 'democratic deficit' from an elitist standpoint: in the last resort, it was not a standpoint from which a solution would be possible.
		The 'democratic deficit' refers to the loss of legitimacy arising from the transfer of powers from sovereign nations to the supranational institutions of the EU.
		The democratic deficit therefore raises in acute form the problem of the EU's inability to win the affections of the people.
	www.euro-know.org /dictionary/d.html (4591 words)

	Paul Martin's democratic deficit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The new prime minister has received a lot good press with his repeated commitment to end the "democratic deficit" in parliament by giving a greater role to backbenchers.
		In addition to his autocratic style with his cabinet colleagues, much of the finance department's policy development was even further removed from democratic governance through Martin's contracting it out to the Earnscliffe Group-the same bunch in charge of advancing Martin's political career.
		Not only did Martin show little democratic regard for his cabinet colleagues and their policy priorities, he effectively privatized finance policy-making to the same firm that was lobbying the department on behalf of its large corporate clients.
	thetyee.ca /Views/2004/02/16/Paul_Martins_Democratic_Deficit (987 words)

	IDBAmerica: First, close the democratic deficit
		While praising Latin America’s recent progress in eliminating military dictatorships and holding regular elections, the authors warn that deficiencies in public institutions such as legislatures and the courts are preventing many of the region’s countries from advancing to the actual practice of democracy in public life.
		And this leads us to a catalogue of deficits in democracy, including institutional weaknesses, judicial branches that are not independent, weak congresses, electoral systems that are not transparent, the lack of checks and balances for exercising control, and the absence of accountability by public officials to citizens.
		But a new democratic institution was needed that would guarantee both the transfer and alternation of political power that Mexicans had not seen in a long time.
	www.iadb.org /IDBAMERICA/English/MAR01E/mar01e1.html (1410 words)

	Georgetown Journal of International Affairs: Forum \| Africa's Democratic Deficit by Chris Fomunyoh
		Ultimately, the causes of the democratic deficit in Africa are multiple.
		This paper will explore several, including the role of the predatory state, the extreme personalization of politics, and the overwhelming poverty factor, and suggest further steps that must be taken to foster democracy in the heart of Africa.
		Pro-western African governments in countries such as apartheid South Africa, Kenya, Cote d'Ivoire, and then Zaire awoke to the new era in which political pluralism and democratic governance were exalted within the realm of international relations.2 New political parties formed, vibrant civil society organizations emerged and a freer media began to blossom across the continent.
	journal.georgetown.edu /Issues/6.2/forum_fomunyoh.cfm (536 words)

	Another View on the Democratic Deficit ovvero No Taxation Without Representation
		The democratic deficit of European institutions is related to the first three dimensions, while the democratic deficit of non-Europe is related to the fourth, namely to scope.
		If this is granted, then, a democratic polity is one in which citizens freely decide about common norms, which give institutional expression to a set of democratic values, and which are implemented in ways that ensure their respect.
		It is difficult to argue that there is much democratic support for the reforms of the tax treatment of capital gains or of the taxation of savings, which tend to go barely noticed by the public despite their major distributive effects.
	www.arena.uio.no /publications/working-papers2000/papers/wp00_19.htm (5801 words)

	tony jeffs - citizenship, youth work and democratic renewal
		First, because it relates to justifiable concerns linked to a growing democratic deficit (the absence of democratic accountability and control), a fear that control is being transferred from democratically accountable bodies to un-elected corporations and agencies (Klein, 2000; 2001; Monbiot, 2000; Frank, 2000).
		For such workers ‘democratic deficit’ embraced a denial of suffrage; negligible working class representation at every level; and the political ascendancy of employers and landowners.
		This deficit is no new challenge for community educators, but it constantly acquires new guises.
	www.infed.org /association/citizenshp_youth_work_democratic_renewal.htm (7213 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The democratic deficit is a crucial issue because Europeans are becoming increasingly concerned that the EC is run by elites bargaining amongst themselves behind closed doors.
		Federalist proposals for reform are designed to make the EC more democratic by structuring it more like a state; intergovernmentalists model their proposals on state governments, such as that of the United States; and proponents of the 'political culture' approach apply a state-based concept to the EC as a whole.
		I plan to research the historical background of the democratic deficit and the roots of the problem as it is now perceived.
	www.georgetown.edu /sfs/bsfs/proposal_good.htm (1464 words)

	The Empire Strikes Back -- Froomkin
		Thus, in even the most democratic countries a delegate to an international body is at two removes from the people, being only a representative of elected representatives much like the US Senate before the 17th Amendment.
		When the international body's decisions are collective and delegates from undemocratic regimes sit side by side with those from democratic states, the body as a whole is even less democratic, and the power of citizens around the world is further reduced.
		"Democratic deficit" originally referred to the lack of democratic accountability in the political structure of the European Community/European Union, and the relatively weak powers of the democratically elected European Parliament as compared to other unelected institutions such as the Commission, the Council, the Court, and now the Bank.
	personal.law.miami.edu /~froomkin/articles/empire.htm (6076 words)

	Addressing Philippines' democratic deficit - Jun. 01, 2004
		But a century after the introduction of national-level democratic institutions in the Philippines, the sense of frustration with the character of the country's democracy is arguably more apparent than ever before.
		The best way to close the democratic deficit is through the creation of more effective and cohesive political parties, oriented to programmatic rather than particularistic goals; policy rather than pork.
		More in-depth analysis of the origins and evolution of the democratic deficit can be found at www.ipd.ph.
	www.inq7.net /opi/2004/jun/01/opi_commentary2-1.htm (943 words)

	Simon World :: Hong Kong's democratic deficit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		You are on the invidual archive page of Hong Kong's democratic deficit.
		Democratic Chief Executive candidate Lee Wing-tat is whinging that The Don is "running a PR show rather than an election campaign", says the SCMP.
		And the Democrats are effectively just running a PR campaign themselves, given they've got no realistic chance of winning the race.
	simonworld.mu.nu /archives/085780.php (443 words)

	davidwarrenonline.com - ESSAYS ON OUR TIMES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		His party was in power over most of this time, and thus did much of the damage; and he was the man who signed the cheques for nine years.
		The ability of the people to make choices effecting their own lives by voting, at any level of government, has almost disappeared, as we have become locked in by massive bureaucracies and vested interests, integrated across both "public" and "private" spheres.
		Co-ordinating with similar projects in Sweden and Denmark, they were to consider the whole history of power relations from the Middle Ages forward, but focusing on constitutional questions, and within those, on the question of popular consent.
	www.davidwarrenonline.com /SunSpec/Feb04/index114.shtml (693 words)

	Democratic Deficit
		Today there is a growing divide between what people want and what can be delivered by our existing democratic institutions.
		The has been called the "democratic deficit." This divide is continually growing as organisations at grass roots level grow more active whilst correspondingly local and national democratic institutions and representatives find it increasingly difficult to deliver.
		The fact that there is not at the present creates yet another deficit - in the "digital divide." There are those that have access and those who do not.
	www.digifutures.org /demos/DemDeficit.htm (275 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		David Martin, a vice-president of the Commission, has famously commented that if the EU was a state, and it applied to join the EU it would be turned down as it would be undemocratic. The European Commission is perhaps the epitomy of this.
		He sums up his philosophy thus: “The key is the extension of legislative co-decision to the EP in all matters not yet covered by the SEA.
		Without it the Community lacks democratic legitimacy and remains largely subject to the whims and personal prerogatives of heads of national governments and ministers subordinate to them” On the face of it this is an attractive program, and one which is backed by other commentators.
	www.csc.tcd.ie /~unionist/ozy/words/europe.doc (2045 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		I propose to write an honors thesis on the democratic deficit of the European Union, including an analysis of the problem itself, a critical discussion of current proposals for reform, and my own policy proposals for rectifying the situation.
		Although democratically elected national parliaments authorize the actions of national ministers at the EC level, not everyone believes that democratic legitimacy is thereby conferred.
		It is necessary to develop innovative compromise solutions to the problem of the democratic deficit in the EC today.
	www.georgetown.edu /sfs/bsfs/proposal_bad.htm (1383 words)

	The Europeans - The Democratic Deficit
		And still we talk about a democracy, so the question about democracy is when we have to use it, and some people in talking about the democratic deficit observe that it's not a matter of having not enough democracy as if there is a kind of maximum level we can have, or we don't have.
		Some would even argue that the main point is that you have a national democratic system that works perfectly, whereas you can accept that you don't have all those democratic institutions fully fledged and developed at the European level, and perhaps we should discuss different doctrines of democracy.
		Increase the democratic deficit at the local level: or did I misunderstand the question, that increasing democracy at the local level would perhaps decrease the democratic deficit in the national systems, I'm not quite sure.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/talks/europe/democrat/program.htm (4148 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Special reports \| Democratic deficit
		For the past decade - with the exception of 2000 - the German economy has spluttered rather like a misfiring Volkswagen, during a long period of sluggish growth that reached its nadir with a mild recession in 2003.
		While combined federal, state and local tax revenues have been static, government spending has ballooned, resulting in a €79bn deficit last year - the third time in the past three years that Germany's shortfall has breached the 3% of GDP limit set by the eurozone's stability pact.
		Tax revenues are likely to remain flat next year, with social security spending and interest payments still on the rise while unemployment remains a heavy drag on the German economy.
	www.guardian.co.uk /germany/article/0,2763,1247701,00.html (512 words)

	The democratic deficit
		But most significant of all, the report recognises what is probably the greatest symptom of "democratic deficit" in the world today: "Citizens often feel powerless to influence national policies...
		It is the result of a large process whereby it is truly the case that democratic processes have much less control over the policy decisions that are so critical in shaping people's social and material lives.
		But the real democratic deficit at present is reflected in the greater power, nationally and internationally, of large capital in various forms.
	www.flonnet.com /fl1917/19171150.htm (1521 words)

	CTV.ca \| Some think Martin running a democratic deficit
		It was the central plank of Martin's campaign to win the leadership of the Liberal party and it encompassed an ambitious agenda to change the way politics is practiced in the nation's capital.
		"The democratic deficit, where decisions are made by a small group of people, is not on," Martin declared as far back as 2002.
		The opposition parties maintain Martin has broken his promise to eliminate the democratic deficit at least 50 times since becoming prime minister two years ago.
	www.ctv.ca /servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20051130/libs_demdeficit_051130/20051201?s_name=election2006&no_ads= (642 words)

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