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Topic: Demosthenes (general)

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Battle of Pylos

Battle of Sphacteria

Battle of Naupactus (429 BC)

Sicilian Expedition

Battle of Amphipolis

Battle of Sybota

Peloponnesian War

Demosthenes

Athenian Empire

	Demosthenes (general) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Demosthenes (Greek: Δημοσθένης, died 413 BC), son of Alcisthenes, was an Athenian general during the Peloponnesian War.
		Demosthenes defeated Eurylochus (who was killed in the battle) and the Acarnanians and Ambraciots signed a peace treaty.
		In 421 Demosthenes was one of the signatories of the Peace of Nicias which ended the first half of the war.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Demosthenes_(general) (685 words)

	The Internet Classics Archive \| Demosthenes by Plutarch
		Demosthenes, the father of Demosthenes, was a citizen of good rank and quality, as Theopompus informs us, surnamed the Sword-maker, because he had a large workhouse, and kept servants skilful in that art at work.
		Therefore, Demosthenes, having heard the tutors and school-masters agreeing among themselves to be present at this trial, with much importunity persuades his tutor to take him along with him to the hearing; who, having some acquaintance with the doorkeepers, procured a place where the boy might sit unseen, and hear what was said.
		Demosthenes appeared publicly in a rich dress, with a chaplet on his head, though it were but the seventh day since the death of his daughter, as is said by Aeschines, who upbraids him upon this account, and rails at him as one void of natural affection towards his children.
	classics.mit.edu /Plutarch/demosthe.html (5131 words)

	Ethics of Philip, Demosthenes, and Alexander by Sanderson Beck
		Demosthenes was born in 384 BC; his father died before he was eight, leaving his sword and furniture factories with their 55 slaves, an estate worth nearly 14 talents, in the custody of two nephews and a friend.
		When Demosthenes passed a law compelling the rich to fulfill their obligations and relieve the troubles of the poor and enabling the country to equip itself, a similar indictment was brought against him; he was acquitted, and the accuser did not even get the minimum votes needed to avoid a penalty.
		Demosthenes summarized his strategy as using Euboea as a defense for Attica on the sea, Boeotia on the mainland, and the Peloponnesians there, while maintaining the grain route to Peiraeus along the coasts and in the Chersonese and depriving the enemy of their sources of power.
	www.san.beck.org /EC22-Alexander.html (14797 words)

	The Internet Classics Archive \| The Comparison of Demosthenes and Cicero by Plutarch
		But Demosthenes had constant care and thoughtfulness in his look, and a serious anxiety, which he seldom, if ever, laid aside; and therefore, was accounted by his enemies, as he himself confessed, morose and ill-mannered.
		It is said, to the reproach of Demosthenes, that his eloquence was mercenary that he privately made orations for Phormion and Apollodorus, though adversaries in the same cause; that he was charged with moneys received from the King of Persia, and condemned for bribes from Harpalus.
		Demosthenes, though he seemed at first a little to supplicate, yet, by his preparing and keeping the poison by him, demands our admiration; and still more admirable was his using it.
	classics.mit.edu /Plutarch/d_cicero.html (689 words)

	Electronic Antiquities Volume II, Number 5
		Demosthenes gives us a good idea of the nature of Athenian historical consciousness when he claims that Aeschines, in the debate on the Peace terms of 346, told the Assembly that 'they ought neither to remember their ancestors nor put up with those who spoke of trophies and naval battles'.
		Demosthenes seems happy to assume that his audience will have some knowledge of the matter and even the date of it, though 'in your lifetime' could only apply to the older members of the jury.
		Demosthenes here is obviously referring to the period of Spartan hegemony, though it is impossible to say whether to a particular incident or to Athenian resistance to Sparta in general.
	scholar.lib.vt.edu /ejournals/ElAnt/V2N5/milns.html (4586 words)

	Demosthenes
		Demosthenes commanded a fleet that was sent to the Athenian naval base Naupactus in the west, where the Athenians obstructed any ship that was sailing to or from Corinth, Sparta's main naval ally.
		Demosthenes preferred the second option, because Naupactus was absolutely vital to Athenian interests, and its inhabitants had to know that they could always rely upon their powerful ally.
		Although Demosthenes was at first successful, he soon found out that his heavy-armed hoplites were too slow for a fight fight against the light-armed Aetolians; had the Locrian javelin throwers been there, things would have been different, but in the end, Demosthenes had to admit that he had made a big mistake.
	www.livius.org /de-dh/demosthenes/demosthenes1.html (1948 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Demosthenes
		Demosthenes, 384?-322 BC, Greek orator, generally considered the greatest of the Greek orators.
		He was a pupil of Isaeus, andâ”although the story of his putting pebbles in his mouth to improve his voice is only a legendâ”he seems to have been forced to overcome a weak voice and delivery.
		A capable and honored public official, he administered the state finances from 338 to 326 BC and led (with Demosthenes) the anti-Macedonian party.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Demosthenes (551 words)

	Peloponnesian War - Crystalinks
		Led militarily by a clever new general Demosthenes (not to be confused with the later Athenian orator Demosthenes), the Athenians managed some successes as they continued their naval raids on the Peloponnese, stretched their military activities into Boeotia and Aetolia, and began fortifying posts around the Peloponnese.
		Demosthenes, however, outmaneuvered the Spartans and trapped a group of Spartan soldiers on Sphacteria as he waited for them to surrender.
		The war continues to fascinate later generations, both because of the way it engulfed the Greek world, and because the insight Thucydides provides into the motivations of its participants is deeper than what is known about any other war in ancient times.
	www.crystalinks.com /peloponnesianwar.html (2822 words)

	Demosthenes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Demosthenes (384–322 BC, Greek: Δημοσθένης, Dēmosthénēs) was a prominent Greek statesman and orator of ancient Athens.
		Demosthenes (On the Crown, 210) - The orator's defense of the honor of the courts was in contrast to the improper actions of which Aeschines accused him.
		Demosthenes encouraged the fortification of Athens and was chosen by the ecclesia to deliver the Funeral Oration.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Demosthenes (7576 words)

	Gutenkarte » The History of the Peloponnesian War » Chapter 14
		Demosthenes on his arrival found Oeniadae already compelled by the united Acarnanians to join the Athenian confederacy, and himself raising all the allies in those countries marched against and subdued Salynthius and the Agraeans; after which he devoted himself to the preparations necessary to enable him to be at Siphae by the time appointed.
		As between neighbours generally, freedom means simply a determination to hold one's own; and with neighbours like these, who are trying to enslave near and far alike, there is nothing for it but to fight it out to the last.
		That the generals and prytanes should call an assembly of the people, in which the Athenians should first consult on the peace, and on the mode in which the embassy for putting an end to the war should be admitted.
	www.gutenkarte.org /section/7142/14 (8203 words)

	Plutarch: Lives of the Ten Orators (1)
		Therefore let the generals, with others of the senate, to the number of ten, whom it shall please the generals to name and choose, look after these men to present them before the court, that they may be present during the proceedings.
		For which Demosthenes accused him for being the cause of the overthrow and ruin of the Phocians, and the inflamer of war; which part he would have him thought to have acted when the Amphictyons chose him one of their deputies to the Amphissians who were building up the harbour [of Crissa].
		But Demosthenes, being in exile, wrote to the Athenians, to let them know that they were wrongfully accused, and that therefore they did not well to hear their accusers; upon which they recanted what they had done, and set them at liberty again, - Democles, who was Theophrastus' pupil, likewise pleading in their defence.
	www.attalus.org /old/orators1.html (7436 words)

	Archidamian War - WCD (Wiki Classical Dictionary) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In west and north-west Greece Athens made her presence felt: the general Phormio based himself in a position suitable close to the Peloponnese at Naupactus from 430, in response to appeals from Acarnania.
		The general Nikias, who had attempted to take Megara in 427, tried to coerce the neutral island of Melos into joining Athens, but more importantly there was an attempt to increase Athens' influence on Sicily.
		Cleon, however, persuaded the assembly to demand unreasonable terms: riding on the success of Demosthenes, he took the opportunity to increase his prestige and Athens' bargaining power by accidentally giving himself command of the situation - a complicated story told in Thucydides 4.27f.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /wcd/Archidamian_War (827 words)

	BTC News » General Disorder…
		Couple with that the tactical incompetence of Rumsfeld and his tone deafness and the unprecedented comments of the Generals calling for his resignation for ignoring the counsel of the military and you have a real problem on your hands for the administration.
		It’s telling that the Generals who have chosen to spoken up are both retired and well respected combat veterans of the current campaign—Zinni, Eaton, Newbold and Batiste are well respected and have nothing to gain and quite a bit to lose in terms of retirement gigs within defense related industries.
		If you think it’s inappropriate for retired generals to comment on the administration’s actions (and I don’t—who better to provide counsel based on experience?) then it is far more so for an active service member who is explicitly enjoined from criticizing to provide suspect support that can be ordered at will.
	www.btcnews.com /btcnews/1287 (1093 words)

	Cleon - WCD (Wiki Classical Dictionary) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Athenian general Demosthenes momentously established a base at Pylos, a highly sensitive area under Spartan control in the Peloponnese.
		The general Nicias told Cleon that he was more than willing to give to him command of an expedition.
		The Spartan general Brasidas (who had taken a more freelance role in the war, travelling north with a band of Spartans and helots) had been moving through Chalcidice stripping Athens of her allies.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /wcd/Cleon (828 words)

	background12
		The Greek orator Demosthenes, who is considered to have surpassed even the Roman Cicero, came very near being lost to the world.
		At his first attempt to make his speech the whole crowd hissed at him, and he was going to give up in despair, when someone who had heard him put new courage into him by saying that he spoke a little like Pericles.
		The difference between a primitive woman and a model girl is that the former used leaves as her dress but in the latter the dress leaves her.
	www.geocities.com /blalberione/anec12.html (233 words)

	Harvard University Press: Funeral Speech (60). Erotic Essay (61). Exordia. Letters by Demosthenes
		Demosthenes (384–322 BC), orator at Athens, was a pleader in law courts who later became also a statesman, champion of the past greatness of his city and the present resistance of Greece to the rise of Philip of Macedon to supremacy.
		In his law cases he is the advocate, in his political speeches a castigator not of his opponents but of their politics.
		Demosthenes gives us vivid pictures of public and private life of his time.
	www.hup.harvard.edu /catalog/L374.html (166 words)

	VDH's Private Papers::Delium Part I
		The fighting had begun with the Athenian general, Hippocrates, promising his men that a victory would mean the Spartans could no longer cross Attica at will into the sanctuary of Boeotia, as the northern front would be forever closed.
		The Athenian general Demosthenes had sailed from home intending to raise democratic insurrection through the southern Boeotian countryside by an unexpected amphibious landing.
		Demosthenes’ failure doomed a rag-tag Athenian army of reservists to meet in open battle what may have been the finest infantry force in Greece.
	victorhanson.com /articles/hanson120605.html (1580 words)

	Amazon.com: Demosthenes: Books: I. Worthington (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Successive generations have judged him the statesman par excellence, and his oratory as some of the finest to survive from classical Greece.
		His reputation is such that he is still quoted in speeches by modern politicians, and is often viewed as the supreme example of a patriot.
		Yet, conversely, Demosthenes' political career led to the defeat of Greece by Macedon, and the loss of Greek autonomy.
	www.amazon.com /Demosthenes-I-Worthington/dp/0415204577 (869 words)

	BTC News » Demosthenes' Page
		Recording is seldom mandated and generally occurs with a centralized system that taps into the main distribution frame of your switch on premise (MDF or IDF if internal) and replicates the voice stream and copies it into a specific system designed for archival and retrieval and tagging with specific data and monitoring capabilities.
		General Casey publicly sets a timetable for reducing troops next Spring (just in time to impact the fall elections) despite the President’s repeated statements that setting a time table for withdrawal helps the terrorists, and the constitution looks to be in trouble—er…, I was referring to the Iraqi constitution, but yeah, ours too.
		Opinions, like showers, are generated in high places, but they invariably descend into lower ones, and ultimately flow down to the people as rain unto the sea.
	www.btcnews.com /btcnews/category/demosthenes-page (6578 words)

	THUCYDIDES BOOK IV, JOWETT TRANSLATION
		Demosthenes, who had previously suspected that the Lacedaemonians when they sent in provisions to the besieged had exaggerated their number, saw that the men were more numerous than he had imagined.
		Demosthenes divided them into parties of two hundred more or less, who seized the highest points of the island in order that the enemy, being completely surrounded and distracted by the number of their opponents, might not know whom they should face first, but might be exposed to missiles on every side.
		Whereupon there was a general levy of the Boeotians, for Hippocrates, who was to have been in the country and to have distracted their attention, had not yet arrived; and so they forestalled the Athenians by the occupation of Siphae and Chaeronea.
	classicpersuasion.org /pw/thucydides/jthucbk4rv2.htm (19622 words)

	The Peloponnesian War -- Chapter 14 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Demosthenes on his arrival found Oeniadæ already compelled by the united Acarnanians to join the Athenian confederacy, and himself raising all the allies in those countries marched against and subdued Salynthius and the Agræans; after which he devoted himself to the preparations necessary to enable him to be at Siphæ by the time appointed.
		Succours accordingly flocked in from all parts of Boeotia, Hippocrates not being yet there to make his diversion, and Siphæ and Chaeronea were promptly secured, and the conspirators, informed of the mistake, did not venture on any movement in the towns.
		Soon after this battle Demosthenes, after the failure of his voyage to Siphæ and of the plot on the town, availed himself of the Acarnanian and Agræan troops and of the four hundred Athenian heavy infantry which he had on board, to make a descent on the Sicyonian coast.
	www.litrix.com /pelop/pelop014.htm (8275 words)

	Demosthenes - Crystalinks
		Demosthenes (384 BC 322 BC) is generally considered the greatest of the Attic orators, and thus the greatest of all Ancient Greek orators. His writings provide an insight into the life and culture of Athens at this period of time.
		As a boy Demosthenes suffered from a speech impediment and he worked at a series of self-designed exercises to overcome it. A common story tells of his talking around mouthfuls of rocks to improve his diction, but it is unknown whether this is fact or merely a legendary example of his perseverance and determination.
		Demosthenes was exiled after a convoluted affair involving money taken by one of the lieutenants of Alexander the Great. He was recalled to the Greek states after Alexander died, where he attempted once again to rally the Athenian people against Macedonia, but he was unsuccessful and took poison rather than face capture and punishment.
	www.crystalinks.com /demosthenes.html (359 words)

	Livius Picture Archive: the blockade of Sphacteria (425 BCE) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In the winter of 426/425, Demosthenes had noticed that a place called Pylos could easily be fortified, and that the Athenians could use it as a base for further raids in the region.
		Moreover, this part of the Peloponnese, Messenia, was hostile against the Spartans, who had subdued the inhabitants, had made helots of them, and terrorized them.
		When Demosthenes had landed at Pylos in the spring of 425, the Spartans immediately sent a navy, which included their future general
	www.livius.org /a/battlefields/sphacteria/sphacteria.html (528 words)

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