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Topic: Demotic Egyptian

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	Ancient Egyptian scripts
		The Demotic or popular script, a name given to it by Herodotus, developed from a northern variant of the Hieratic script in around 660 BC.
		During the 26th Dynasty it became the preferred script at court, however during the 4th century it was gradually replaced by the Greek-derived Coptic alphabet.
		During the Ptolemaic Period it was regularly carved in stone - the most famous example of this is the Rosetta Stone, which is inscribed with texts in the Hieroglyphic script, Greek and Demotic and was one of the keys to the decipherment of Ancient Egyptian scripts.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/egyptian_demotic.htm (180 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		The Demotic script was referred to by the Egyptians as "document writing", which the Second century scholar Clement of Alexandria called "letter writing," while early Western scholars formerly referred to it as Enchorial Egyptian.
		Early Demotic (often referred to by the German term FrÃ¼hdemotisch) developed in Lower Egypt during the later part of the 25th Dynasty, particularly on stelae from the Serapeum at Saqqara.
		The last dated example of the Demotic script is dated to 11 December 452 AD, and consists of a graffito on the walls of the temple of Isis on Philae.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Demotic_Egyptian (586 words)

	COPTIC LANGUAGE, (Site not responding. Last check: )
		EGYPTIAN LANGUAGE, (q.v.), with borrowings from Greek and various Semitic languages; it is a member of the Egyptian branch of the
		During that era Greek was the language of intellectual circles in Egypt, and so for Coptic the Greek alphabet was adopted, augmented by seven letters derived from demotic Egyptian; it is thus the only phase of the Egyptian language that is written in a way that makes the pronunciation clear to modern scholars.
		Coptic resembles demotic Egyptian except that in Coptic many non-Christian terms have been replaced by religious terms of Greek origin.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=206471 (559 words)

	Egyptian Food and Cooking
		Egyptian farmers kept poultry, (ducks and geese) and raised cattle and goats for milk.
		The Egyptian's basic food and drink, bread and beer, were made from the main crops they grew, wheat and barley.
		Egyptian cuisine is known for flavor and its use of fresh ingredients.
	www.inmamaskitchen.com /FOOD_IS_ART/mideast/Egytp_food.html (2345 words)

	Hieratic - Crystalinks
		After about 660 BC demotic script replaced hieratic in most secular writings, but hieratic continued to be used by priests in the transcription of religious texts for several more centuries.
		From hieroglyphics evolved an Egyptian cursive handwriting known as hieratic; and from hieratic, a simplified script called demotic, in which was recorded the form of the Egyptian language also called demotic.
		Egyptian hieroglyphics and the styles of writing derived from them are associated with pagan civilization.
	www.crystalinks.com /hieratic.html (454 words)

	AllRefer.com - Egyptian language (Language And Linguistics) - Encyclopedia
		Egyptian language, extinct language of ancient Egypt, a member of the Afroasiatic family of languages (see Afroasiatic languages).
		A.D. The ancient Egyptian language first used a hieroglyphic form of writing that underwent several stages of development in the course of the centuries.
		From hieroglyphics evolved an Egyptian cursive handwriting known as hieratic; and from hieratic, a simplified script called demotic, in which was recorded the form of the Egyptian language also called demotic.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/E/Egyptn-lan.html (412 words)

	Egyptian Language - ninemsn Encarta
		The sole member of the Egyptian subfamily of the Afro-Asiatic languages, Egyptian has a longer recorded history—almost 3,000 years—than any other language.
		As in other Afro-Asiatic languages, words in Egyptian tend to be formed from roots typically consisting of three consonants; the basic meaning of the root is altered by different vowel patterns.
		Egyptian verbs, however, developed forms and syntax that vary markedly from verbs in the other Afro-Asiatic subfamilies.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761574774/Egyptian_Language.html (424 words)

	Egypt: History of Ancient Egyptian Writing (hieroglyphs), A Feature Tour Egypt Story
		By the Late Period of Egyptian History, just before Alexander the Great came and left his Hellenistic influence and the Ptolemies to reign over the land of Kemet, the scribes of Egypt used three distinct scripts in their writing: hieroglyphic, hieratic, and demotic.
		The ancient Egyptians called their script mdju netjer, or "words of the gods." Hieroglyphs were the earliest form of Egyptian script, and also the longest-lived.
		Demotic texts were generally administrative, legal and commercial, though there are a few literary compositions as well as scientific and religious texts.
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/writing.htm (1106 words)

	The Pronunciation of Ancient Egyptian
		The best evidence of the pronunciation of Late Egyptian, however, is from the documents found in the diplomatic archives of Amenhotep III and Akhenaton at Amarna, for these documents were kept in Akkadian, not in Egyptian.
		Although it ceased to be a spoken language by the 17th century, Coptic remains the liturgical language of the Coptic Church, to which 6% of Egyptians still belong, and thus is as well remembered and used in that context as Latin is in the Catholic Church or classical Arabic is in Islam.
		Egyptians today have no trouble with this, but it is a sound that does not occur in Indo-European languages and has disappeared from other Semitic languages, as it did from Coptic.
	www.friesian.com /egypt.htm (5900 words)

	Ancient Egyptian Language
		Egyptian is part of the Afro-Asiatic group of languages and is related to Berber and Semitic (languages such as Arabic, Amharic and Hebrew).
		Middle Egyptian was spoken from about 2000 BC for a further 700 years when Late Egyptian made its appearance; Middle Egyptian did, however, survive until the first few centuries AD as a written language, similar to the use of Latin during the Middle Ages and that of Classical Arabic today.
		Demotic was written using a script derived from hieratic; its appearance is vaguely similar to modern Arabic script and is also written from right to left (although the two are not related).
	www.crystalinks.com /egyptlanguage.html (1528 words)

	Rosetta Stone - MSN Encarta
		The Rosetta Stone was inscribed in 196 bc with a decree praising 13-year-old Egyptian king Ptolemy V on the first anniversary of his coronation.
		The inscription appears in three scripts, hieroglyphic (an ancient Egyptian script using symbols), demotic (a simplified Egyptian script used for everyday writing), and Greek (the language introduced after the conquest of Egypt by Alexander the Great).
		Because demotic was a cursive script—with individual letters joined as in handwriting—they hoped that it was phonetic—that is, that the letters represented sounds.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761570831/Rosetta_Stone.html (790 words)

	Egyptian language
		Gradually a new form of Ancient Egyptian emerged, and corresponds with the Middle Kingdom., and is also called Middle Egyptian.
		Demotic lasts from about 700 BCE until 400 CE, while Coptic emerges around 150 CE and would continues at least into the 17th century.
		Egyptian have used 3 forms of writing: hieroglyphs, hieratic script and demotic script.
	i-cias.com /e.o/egyptian_l.htm (532 words)

	Egyptian language. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The development of ancient Egyptian is usually divided into four periods: (1) Old Egyptian, spoken and written in Egypt during the IV to VI dynasties of the Old Kingdom (3d millennium
		B.C.) in the XVIII dynasty; (3) Late Egyptian, which was used from the time of Ikhnaton through the XX dynasty of the 12th cent.
		Some scholars regard Coptic (see Copts) as a fifth period of ancient Egyptian, although others classify it as a different language descended from the ancient tongue.
	www.bartleby.com /65/eg/Egyptn-lan.html (341 words)

	Egyptian language - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		Middle Egyptian was spoken from about 2000 BC for a further 700 years when Late Egyptian made its appearance; Middle Egyptian did, however, survive until the first few centuries AD as a written language, similar to the use of Latin during the Middle Ages.
		Demotic was written using a script whose appearance is vaugely similar to modern Arabic script (although the two are not at all related).
		Phonologically, Egyptian contrasted bilabial, labiodental, alveolar, palatal, velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants, in a distribution rather similar to that of Arabic.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=46918 (1783 words)

	ipedia.com: Egyptian language Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The official language of modern day Egypt is Arabic, which gradually replaced Egyptian and its descendant, the Coptic language as the language of daily life in the centuries after Egypt was colonized by Arab Muslims.
		Middle Egyptian was spoken from 2100 BC for a further 500 years when Late Egyptian made its appearance.
		Demotic was written using a script whose appearance is not dissimilar to modern Arabic script (although the two are not at all related).
	www.ipedia.com /egyptian_language.html (1942 words)

	Demotic script
		Demotic script lasted for about 1000 years, and belongs to the last period of Ancient Egyptian history.
		Demotic script was used for business and literary purposes, while hieratic was used for religious texts.
		While hieratic script was almost always written with ink on papyrus, demotic script could also be engraved in stone or carved in wood.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/demotic.htm (170 words)

	Egyptian Old Language (Site not responding. Last check: )
		As in other Afro-Asiatic languages, words in Egyptian tend to be formed from roots typically consisting of three consonants; the basic meaning of the root is altered by different vowel patterns.
		Egyptian verbs, however, developed forms and syntax that vary markedly from verbs in the other Afro-Asiatic subfamilies.
		It was written with a distinctive script (demotic script) and appears to represent the speech of about 700 BC.
	library.thinkquest.org /C007680/oldlanguage.html (428 words)

	Oriental Institute \| Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization (SAOC)
		Demotic is the name applied to both a script and a stage in the development of the Egyptian language.
		But by the Ptolemaic period the Demotic script was developing on its own, and the attempt to assign hieratic, and from the hieratic hieroglyphic, equivalents of words produces numerous artificial hieratic and hieroglyphic forms.
		Demotic not only contained both phonetic signs and determinatives, but in addition many of the signs were ligatures of two or more such signs.
	oi.uchicago.edu /OI/DEPT/PUB/SRC/SAOC/45/SAOC45.html (1000 words)

	TALK:DEMOTIC (EGYPTIAN) : Encyclopedia Entry
		My justification is that Demotic refers to both a language (or phase of the Egyptian language) but also to a writing system.
		"Egyptian" was only added to distinguish it from Demotic Greek.
		Demotic is a disambiguation page, which is fair, but this page should then be properly disambiguated, not given an artificial name.
	www.bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Talk:Demotic_%28Egyptian%29 (411 words)

	Egyptian Numbers
		But one thing it seems the ancient Greeks did not invent was the counting system on which many of their greatest thinkers based their pioneering calculations.
		New research suggests the Greeks borrowed their system known as alphabetic numerals from the Egyptians, and did not develop it themselves as was long believed.
		An analysis by Dr. Stephen Chrisomalis of McGill University in Montreal, Canada, showed striking similarities between Greek alphabetic numerals and Egyptian demotic numerals, used in Egypt from the late 8th Century BC until around AD 450.
	www.homestead.com /wysinger/egyptiannumbers.html (432 words)

	Egyptian Writing
		Knowledge of Egyptian scripts was lost after it had been superseded in the 4th century AD with Coptic.
		Demotic was used only for legal and commercial texts, while hieroglyphs were reserved for religious and monumental texts.
		Middle Demotic (332 to 30 BC.) - This stage of writing was used during the Ptolemaic Period.
	www.aldokkan.com /art/hieroglyphics.htm (644 words)

	Our Rosetta Stone
		In the middle section, the same message is written in demotic Egyptian, the colloquial Egyptian script of the time.
		That is, until 1822, when a young scholar named Francois Champollion - fluent in ancient Greek and the demotic Egyptian script of the Rosetta Stone's period - was able to identify the name of the mentioned Pharaoh in Greek, the demotic, and the hieroglyphics.
		In a sense, the Rosetta Stone is a snapshot of a culture in transition - a shift from the grand Egypt of the Pharaohs to a subservient colony of the Greeks.
	www.commondreams.org /views05/0520-24.htm (1017 words)

	Rosetta Stone - Crystalinks
		It appears that it was decided that the best way to emphasise the legitimacy of the 13 year old Ptolemy V in the eyes of the Egyptian elite was to re-emphasise his traditional royal credentials with a coronation ceremony in the city of Memphis, and to affirm his royal cult throughout Egypt.
		The Egyptians had used hieroglyphic script for nearly 3,500 years, from 3100 BC until the end of the fourth century AD.
		At about the turn of the third century AD the Egyptians began to write their languages in a script composed of the Greek alphabet, to which were added seven characters derived ultimately from hieroglyphs.
	www.crystalinks.com /rosetta.html (868 words)

	[No title]
		Hieratic, a second script, is a modified form of Egyptian hieroglyphics used to write formal documents on papyrus with brush and ink, and demotic is a cursive script.⁵ Thus, both the hieratic and demotic scripts could be considered "reformed" or modified versions of the original hieroglyphic script.
		Ultimately, this reformed Egyptian script became the basis for the Phoenician alphabet, from which nearly all subsequent alphabets derive.¹³ "The Proto-Sinaitic inscriptions were written in a Semitic language, and...their letters were the prototypes for the Phoenician alphabet.
		The latter purports to be a conversation between the (Egyptian or Rashan) king and the young spokesman of a newly arrived troop.
	www.blogger.com /feeds/7139169/posts/default/8832057117003552556 (851 words)

	Egyptology
		Textural sources, written in an ancient language using hieroglyphs and their derivatives (and not especially difficult to learn), not only sketch out Egyptian history but also provide a profound insight into the ancient mind and into the socio-economic affairs that are central to all complex societies.
		The ancient Egyptian language now began to be written in an alphabetic script derived from Greek.
		This form of Egyptian language is known as Coptic and provides an important insight into the language of Pharaonic Egypt and a key to the rich literature of Egypt in the centuries prior to the Arab Conquest.
	www.oriental.cam.ac.uk /egypt1.html (425 words)

	Ancient Scripts: Egyptian
		In fact, some demotic signs translate into more than one hieratic or hieroglyphic signs, so there isn't a one-to-one correspondence between demotic and the other two systems.
		In Egyptian, catfish is /n‘r/, and chisel is /mr/.
		The demotic became the every-day script, used for accounting, writing down literature, writings, etc. The following demotic inscription is from the famous Rosetta Stone.
	www.ancientscripts.com /egyptian.html (1019 words)

	Ancient Egyptian society
		To understand ancient Egyptian society, archaeologists have many sources including tomb paintings, reliefs, and the objects included in tombs that the Egyptians used in their daily life.
		The father was responsible for the economic well-being of the family, and the mother supervised the household and cared for the upbringing of the children.
		Although Egyptian children had toys and are occasionally depicted at play, much of their time was spent preparing for adulthood.
	www.aldokkan.com /society/society.htm (417 words)

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