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Topic: Demyelinating disease

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	Final Diagnosis -- Case 336
		Histologically, primary demyelinating diseases are characterized by destruction of myelin with relative axonal preservation, and abundant foamy macrophages containing myelin debris and lipid droplets.
		Demyelinating "pseudotumors" are non-neoplastic lesions most often misinterpreted on biopsy as gliomas, specifically as diffuse fibrillary astrocytomas or, rarely, as oligodendrogliomas.
		The reasons for misinterpreting demyelinating disease as a glioma may be due to cytologically atypical astrogliosis and the finding of scatted mitotic figures.
	path.upmc.edu /cases/case336/dx.html (708 words)

	Demyelinating disease - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A demyelinating disease is any disease of the nervous system in which the myelin sheath of neurons is damaged.
		The term describes the effect of the disease, rather than its cause; some demyelinating diseases are caused by genetics, some by infectious agents, some by autoimmune reactions, and some by unknown factors.
		Demyelinating diseases include multiple sclerosis, transverse myelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Demyelinating_disease (163 words)

	Demyelinating disease - sudden demyelinating disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		The term describes the effect of the disease, rather demyelinating disease than its cause; some demyelinating diseases are caused by infectious agents, some by autoimmune reactions, and some by unknown factors.
		A disease is any abnormal condition of the body or mind that causes discomfort, dysfunction, or distress to the person affected or those in contact with the person.
		The subject of systematic classification of diseases is referred to as nosology.
	www.medicalgeo.com /Med-Diseases-D/Demyelinating-disease.html (243 words)

	Neurological disorders - dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, neuropathy
		Multiple sclerosis slowly progressive autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks the protective myelin sheaths that surround the nerve cells of the brain and spinal cord (a process called demyelination), resulting in damaged areas that are unable to transmit nerve impulses.
		Alzheimer's disease - Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive disorder in which brain cells (neurons) deteriorate, resulting in the loss of cognitive functions, primarily memory, judgment and reasoning, movement coordination, and pattern recognition.
		Parkinson's disease - Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease of the substantia nigra (an area in the basal ganglia).
	neurology.health-cares.net (1306 words)

	World of MS - MS - The Disease - Demyelination
		Demyelination is the term used for a loss of myelin, a substance in the white matter that insulates nerve endings.
		Demyelination is the root cause of the symptoms that people with MS experience.
		Even when the patches of scarring caused by demyelination have healed and re-myelination has occurred, the response time of the nerve endings tends to remain slower.
	www.msif.org /en/ms_the_disease/demyelination.html (136 words)

	CNTF is a major protective factor in demyelinating CNS disease: A neurotrophic cytokine as modulator in ...
		To investigate the role of endogenous CNTF in inflammatory demyelinating disease, we studied myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in CNTF-deficient and wild-type C57BL/6 mice.
		Disease was more severe in CNTF-deficient mice and recovery was poor, with a 60% decrease in the number of proliferating oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and a more than 50% increase in the rate of oligodendrocyte apoptosis.
		Disease severity was assessed using a scale ranging from 0 to 10 (ref. 22): 0, normal; 1, reduced tone of tail; 2, limp tail, impaired righting; 3, absent righting; 4, gait ataxia; 5, mild paraparesis of hindlimbs; 6, moderate paraparesis; 7, severe paraparesis or paraplegia; 8, tetraparesis; 9, moribund; 10, death.
	www.nature.com /uidfinder/10.1038/nm0602-620 (3480 words)

	Demyelinating Optic Neuropathy
		Multiple sclerosis is an acquired, multifactorial, inflammatory demyelinating disease, which affects the white matter located in the central nervous system.
		This patchy demyelination is thought to be caused by a deposition of mononuclear cells such as macrophages and B-cells in perivascular regions.
		Diseases such as syphilis, toxoplasmosis, histoplasmosis, tuberculosis, hepatitis, rubella, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Lyme borreliosis, familial Mediterranean fever, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, paranasal sinus disorder, sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Bechet’s disease, and diabetes may cause optic neuropathy and should be considered before prematurely diagnosing demyelinating optic neuropathy.
	www.revoptom.com /handbook/SECT51a.HTM (807 words)

	The Myelin Project: Demyelinating Diseases In Brief
		Demyelinating diseases are those in which myelin is the primary target.
		In Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease myelin is never formed (dysmyelination) because of a mutation in the gene that produces a basic protein of CNS myelin.
		The clinical course of hereditary demyelinating disorders, which usually tend to manifest themselves in infancy or early childhood, is tragic.
	www.myelin.org /diseasesinbrief.htm (413 words)

	Demyelinating Disease - symptom, Treatment of Demyelinating Disease
		Demyelinating Disease is a group of CNS disorders in which there is selective destruction of the myelin coating of the nervous tissue.
		Demyelinating Disease are often complications of viral infections like measles or chicken pox.
		chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (a chronic neurological disorder caused by destruction of the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves and Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common type of demyelinating disease.
	www.diseases-condition.com /diseases-d/demyelinating-disease.htm (336 words)

	Dr. Stephen Miller
		Demyelination in TMEV-infected mice is initiated by a mononuclear inflammatory response mediated by virus-specific CD4+ T cells targeting virus which chronically persists in the CNS of susceptible mouse strains.
		We have also recently developed a molecular mimicry model of virus-induced CNS demyelination wherein mice infected with recombinant Theiler’s viruses encoding encephalitogenic myelin epitopes leads to a rapid onset paralytic disease which can be prevented by the prior induction of tolerance to the expressed myelin peptide.
		The laboratory is using this model to determine the mechanisms of pathogenesis and intrinsic regulation of a Th1-mediated autoimmune disease and to study the efficacy various immunoregulatory strategies as potential therapies for human autoimmune diseases.
	bugs.mimnet.northwestern.edu /labs/Faculty/millers.html (848 words)

	Baylor Neurology Case of the Month
		Motoneuron disease and lesions suggesting CNS demyelination have been reported in HIV disease as well as HTLV-1 associated myelopathy; the role of opportunistic infections is not always clear in reports of the former.
		Animal models indicate that both motoneuron disease and demyelinating disease can potentially result from the same inciting cause; some Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus variants (e.g., Lipton, 1975) as well as transgenic overexpression of the cytokine interleukin-3 (IL-3; Chavany et al., 1998) are reported to produce both phenotypes.
		The coexistence of motoneuron disease and multiple sclerosis, while extremely uncommon (~0.1% of patients diagnosed with motoneuron disease at the Baylor MDA/ALS Center; Haverkamp et al., 1995), may be higher than that expected by chance occurrence in the population.
	www.bcm.edu /neurol/challeng/pat39/summary.html (1601 words)

	[No title]
		The primary demyelinating disease is multiple sclerosis, but many other metabolic and inflammatory disorders result in deficient or abnormal myelination.
		White matter diseases in older children and adults are generally demyelinating or a combination of the two processes.
		MS plaques are distributed throughout the white matter of the optic nerves, chiasm and tracts, the cerebrum, the brain stem, the cerebellum and the spinal cord.
	spinwarp.ucsd.edu /NeuroWeb/Text/br-840.htm (5014 words)

	Schilder's disease - Patient UK
		Schilder's myelinoclastic diffuse sclerosis is a rare sporadic demyelinating disease that usually affects children between 5 and 14 years old.
		Most of the diseases previously classified as Schilder's disease are now classified as dysmyelinating leucodystrophies or are included within the spectrum of multiple sclerosis.
		Disease duration was less than 1 year in 40% of cases.
	www.patient.co.uk /showdoc/40001789 (939 words)

	Laboratory Investigation - Deficiency of the complement regulator CD59a enhances disease severity, demyelination and ...
		In this paper, we examined the disease course and pathological changes in mice deficient in the major regulator of MAC assembly, CD59a, during the course of acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induced by immunisation with recombinant myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein.
		Confluent plaques of demyelination and florid axonal injury or loss were present in and around the infiltrates in sections from CD59a-/- mice, but were conspicuous by their absence in CD59a+/+ controls.
		Attenuation of experimental autoimmune demyelination in complement-deficient mice.
	www.nature.com /labinvest/journal/v84/n1/full/3700015a.html (6218 words)

	Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Prevalence and Incidence of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
		Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a neurological disorder characterized by slowly progressive weakness and sensory dysfunction of the legs and arms.
		The disease is a treatable cause of acquired neuropathy and initiation of early treatment to prevent loss of nerve cells is recommended.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /c/chronic_inflammatory_demyelinating_polyneuropathy/intro.htm (867 words)

	UAB Establishes Center For Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease
		Demyelinating diseases are disorders of the central nervous system, affecting the myelin sheaths that support nerve fibers.
		While MS is considered an adult disease, there are 8,000 to 10,000 children who have the ailment, and another 10,000 to 15,000 who have experienced what may be symptoms of MS, according to the NMSS.
		The disease is more difficult to diagnose in children, and many pediatricians are not familiar with MS.
	main.uab.edu /show.asp?durki=98460 (365 words)

	Devic's syndrome - multiple sclerosis encyclopaedia
		Devic's syndrome (also known as Devic's disease and Neuromyelitis Optica) is a rare, chronic, inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which resembles Multiple Sclerosis in several ways.
		Devic's disease is characterised by attacks of acute optic neuritis (ON), usually in both eyes (bilateral).
		The symptoms of Devic's disease include marked loss of vision in both eyes (optic neuritis) followed by numbness, muscle weakness, spasticity, incoordination, ataxia, urinary, bowel, sexual and autonomic dysfunction in parts of the trunk and limbs served by nerves exiting the spine below the spinal lesion.
	www.mult-sclerosis.org /Devicssyndrome.html (321 words)

	MS (syn. of Multiple Sclerosis) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease, a non-contagious chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system which can present with a variety of neurological symptoms occurring in attacks or slowly progressing over time.
		However, MS is a disease influenced by a variety of factors, one of which is the genetic background of an individual.
		When the initial disease course is relapsing remitting, the statistical duration until a wheelchair is needed, is 20 years.
	mx.thirdaid.com /conditions/MS.htm (3730 words)

	Temple University School of Medicine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		MS is a crippling, inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS with poorly understood etiology and pathogenesis.
		The current hypothesis is that demyelination is caused by a cell-mediated immune response directed against unidentified oligodendrocyte and/or myelin antigen(s) and initially triggered by a viral infection.
		Lack of apoptosis of T cells during late chronic demyelinating disease is associated with high level of certain anti-apoptotic genes and leads to accumulation of these pathogenic cells within the CNS.
	www.temple.edu /medicine/faculty/o/oleszale.htm (908 words)

	NPEL: Myelin Sheath Diseases
		OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this hour are to distinguish between dysmyelinating and demyelinating diseases, to consider briefly some of the dysmyelinating diseases, to recognize that multiple sclerosis is the most important demyelinating disease, and to consider its clinical, epidemiologic, pathologic and therapeutic features.
		Demyelinating- The myelin sheath, once properly formed and funcioning, is destrotyed by a disease process.
		Schilder's Disease (sudanophilic leukodystrophy)- Most of these cases represent an X-linked recessive entity, adrenoleukodystrophy, that cojoins an inborn error of lipids in the adrenals and a disturbance in the preservation of myelin.
	www.uvm.edu /~jkessler/NP/neumyshe.htm (598 words)

	RISK OF DEMYELINATING DISEASE AFTER HEPATITIS B VACCINATION
		Background: Concerns that hepatitis B vaccination may cause or precipitate demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), have disrupted hepatitis B vaccination programs in France and elsewhere.
		The first date of demyelinating symptoms recorded in the charts served as the index date.
		Conclusion: Hepatitis B vaccination was not associated with increased risk of demyelinating disease in our study population.
	www.kenes.com /espid2001/ESPID_Abstracts/186.htm (330 words)

	Demyelinating disease: What causes it? - MayoClinic.com
		A demyelinating disease is any condition that results in damage to the protective covering (myelin sheath) that surrounds nerves in your brain and spinal cord.
		Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disease.
		Devic disease (neuromyelitis optica), a condition characterized by inflammation of the optic nerve and spinal cord, which may result in temporary blindness, muscle weakness or paralysis.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/demyelinating-disease/AN00564 (328 words)

	eMedicine - Multiple Sclerosis : Article Excerpt by: Fernando Dangond, MD
		MS is a dynamic disease, with almost constant lesion formation and a progressive clinical course leading to physical disability.
		This susceptibility may be part of a complex and heterogeneous group of genetic and epigenetic factors that have an impact, along with environmental factors, on the initiation and maintenance of disease.
		The favorable clinical responses to the disease-modifying immunomodulatory agents (ie, interferon beta-1a and beta-1b, glatiramer acetate) suggest that these medications modify disease progression on the basis of their ability to counteract the proinflammatory phenotype of immune cells.
	www.emedicine.com /neuro/byname/multiple-sclerosis.htm (593 words)

	Lymes CIDP treatment
		Through his first week of rehabilitation, he became significantly weaker in hip flexors and knee extensors (to 2+/5) as well as developed proximal upper-extremity weakness (to 3+/5) for shoulder flexion.
		An EMG on day 30 showed continued evidence of demyelinating polyneuropathy with significantly prolonged F-wave latencies in the upper extremities and moderate worsening in conduction velocities in 3 of 4 nerves.
		The potential use of IVIG in this population is based on its efficacy in those with acute demyelinating neuropathy of alternative etiologies.
	www.cidpusa.org /LYMECIDP.html (301 words)

	HealthTalk - MS - Typical Disease Course and Features of MS
		The central nervous system, which is where the disease occurs, includes the brain, the optic nerves and the spinal cord.
		So the disease starts out with a relapsing-remitting phase that includes series of attacks, and then typically considerable or complete recovery from attacks, and then after fifteen or twenty years or even more, typically the disease will change to secondary-progressive MS, where between attacks people will not be stable.
		Going on now to the fifth slide, what's generally understood at this point is that relapsing-remitting MS and secondary-progressive MS are not different diseases or different types of disease, but in fact, are time points on an evolution of disease.
	www.healthtalk.com /multiplesclerosis/programs/082002/page01.cfm (918 words)

	UNDSMHS \| Roger Melvold, Ph.D.
		Demyelination is caused by an inflammatory immune response directed against the virus persistently infecting the white matter of the spinal cord.
		As with multiple sclerosis in humans, the risk of developing TMEV-induced demyelinating disease in mice is partially under genetic control.
		It appears that the resistant strains of mice (those which do not develop demyelination after TMEV infection) are protected by populations of CD8+ T lymphocytes and CD4+ T lymphocytes which can inhibit the inflammatory response which produces the disease.
	www.med.und.nodak.edu /depts/micro/melvold.html (1014 words)

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