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Topic: Dene-Caucasian

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North Caucasian languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia North Caucasian languages is a blanket term for two language phyla spoken chiefly in the north Caucasus and Turkey: the Northwest Caucasian (Pontic, Abkhaz-Adyghe, Circassian) family and the Northeast Caucasian (East Caucasian, Caspian, Nakh-Dagestanian) family; the latter including the former North-central Caucasian (Nakh) family. The Northeast Caucasian languages are characterised by great syntactic complexity in the noun. However, due to the nature of the languages in question, this proposal is difficult to evaluate, and remains controversial. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/North_Caucasian_languages   (295 words)

Dene-Caucasian languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Sino-Caucasian thus consists of the North Caucasian, Sino-Tibetan, Yenisseian and Burushaski branches, Basque and Dene being excluded. The Dene-Caucasian (also called Sino-Dene) language family is a conjectural macrofamily containing the Sino-Tibetan, North Caucasian, Yenisseian, Burushaski and Na-Dene languages. The theory, first scientifically formulated in the 1980s by Sergei Starostin, is based in large part on the work of Alfredo Trombetti, Karl Bouda, and Edward Sapir. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dene-Caucasian_languages   (327 words)

The World's Languages Andean-Equatorial languages include Arawakan, Quechumaran, and Tupian and are spoken in the Andes, west to the Atlantic coast and in southern South America. Austronesian languages cover a vast area from Madagascar to the western Pacific and includes the Polynesian languages as well as languages spoken in Borneo and Sarawak. Australian languages include 28 groups in which the largest languages are thought to be Tiwi, Walmatjari, Warlpiri, Aranda and Gunwinygu. www.esoeonline.org /main-index/index-teachers/typinglanguages.htm   (404 words)

The Paleolithic Indo-Europeans, 1 At present, the adherents of this theory seem to be primarily concerned with marshaling arguments in favor of the long-term stability of the languages and cultures of Europe. And the wide distribution of certain language families was taken to mean that their original speakers had been particularly powerful and ruthless warlords. In particular, the presence of Indo-European languages everywhere from England to India was assumed to have resulted from the emergence of horse-chariot technology, which is well documented as having occurred shortly after 2000 BC. www.enter.net /~torve/trogholm/wonder/indoeuropean/indoeuropean1.html   (2681 words)

GGVA - Linguistics It is the proposed ancestor of Sino-Tibetan, Na-Dene, North-West Caucasian (Abkhaz-Adhyghe) and Hattic. SinoDene is a linguistic macro-family as well as a tentatively reconstructed language deemed to have been spoken in Central Asia during the melting of the glaciers around 10,000 BCE. Most intriguing of all is the possibility that this language has interacted with another prehistoric language called Proto-Steppe existant in Central Asia during the same period. glen_gordon.tripod.com /LANGUAGE/SINODENE/sinodene.html   (246 words)

:::► Dictionary of Meaning www.mauspfeil.net ◄::: Scholars have reconstructed Proto-Indo-European on the basis of data from its nine surviving daughter branches, which are: Germanic, Italic, Celtic languages Celtic, Greek language Greek, Baltic languages Baltic, Slavic languages Slavic, Albanian language Albanian, Armenian language Armenian, Indo-Iranian languages Indo-Iranian, and from the two dead branches Tocharian languages Tocharian and Anatolian languages Anatolian. 30% percentage of the vocabulary of Persian language Persian is taken from Arabic language Arabic, as a result of the Arab conquest of Iran in the 8th century and much subsequent cultural contact. Thus, when the method is applied to the Romance languages (which include French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian), the reconstructed common ancestor language comes out rather similar to Latin - not the classical Latin of Horace and Cicero, but Vulgar Latin, the colloquial Latin spoken in various dialects in the late Roman Empire. www.mauspfeil.net /Historical_linguistics.html   (1214 words)

Language families and languages: Language families can be divided into smaller phylogenetic units, conventionally referred to as branches of the family, because the history of a language family is often represented as a tree diagram. Although deaf sign languages have emerged naturally in deaf communities alongside or among spoken languages, they are unrelated to spoken languages and have different grammatical structures at their core. There has been very little historical linguistic research on sign languages, and few attempts to determine genetic relationships between sign languages, other than simple comparison of lexical data and some discussion about whether certain sign languages are dialects of a language or languages of a family. winelib.com /wiki/Language_families_and_languages   (1136 words)

Indo-European and Semitic languages – part one By the authors of the Tower of Babel, the AA languages are not only separated from IE but also removed from among the Nostratic languages – they are a sister group of not only the whole of the Nostratic languages, but also the Dene-Caucasian languages. There also exists a probably more plausible view that the Khoisan languages can be contrasted with all the other languages of the world, and the Zinj languages have more in common with the languages of Australia and south-eastern Asia than with the AA languages (see here and here). Newer investigations suggest very strongly that that view is not correct and that those previously demonstrated similarities of both language families are the result of the connections between them during over thousands of years rather than of their common origin. grzegorj.w.interia.pl /lingwen/iesem1.html   (3197 words)

Overview of Caucasian languages and Caucasia Finally in modern macro-comparative theories North Caucasian is included in Sino-Caucasian (with Sino-Tibetan and Yenisei) or Dene-Caucasian (also Na-Dene) macrofamilies and Kartvelian is viewed as a part of Nostratic macrofamily within which it is possibly close to Indo-European. Until 2002, 20 Caucasian languages were currently written and 2 languages were written once in the past. The genetic relationship between the Caucasian languages and any languages outside the Caucasus is hard to prove. linguarium.iling-ran.ru /publications/caucas/alw_cau_over.shtml   (1068 words)

mt32.html Its purpose is to encourage and support the study of language in prehistory in all fields and by all means, including research on the early evolution of human language, supporting conferences, setting up a data bank, and publishing a newsletter (Long Ranger) and a journal (Mother Tongue) to report these activities. The Assocation for the Study of Language in Prehistory (ASLIP) is a nonprofit organization, incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. All this material is from the rich mother-lode of paleolinguistic research stimulated by the Ann Arbor Conference (Language in Prehistory, 1988) and its aftermath. www.people.fas.harvard.edu /~witzel/mt32.htm   (2243 words)

mothertongue In the end, discovering the roots of language is inexorably tied to the still unresolved task of defining what language is, and this is where the ultimate impact of the new linguistic research may lie. The deep connections between languages demonstrate that far from a mere communication device, language is the palette from which people color their lives and culture. As historical linguists trace the world's languages back to their earliest sources of diction and syntax, other researchers are taking on the deep mystery of how and when humans started to talk in the first place. faculty.ed.umuc.edu /~jmatthew/articles/mothertongue.html   (3972 words)

Prehistory and Connections with Other Languages A second group of Indo-European languages, which we call Italic, was spoken in much of Italy; one of these languages, Latin, was destined later to become the most important language in Europe, but in 500 BC it was only the local language of the small city of Rome. These languages had completely displaced the earlier languages that had previously been spoken in the same areas, and we know nothing about these earlier languages. Hence, in origin, Basque was primarily a language of Gaul which later spread west and south into Spain, into the remainder of the modern Basque Country. www.cogs.susx.ac.uk /users/larryt/basque.prehistory.html   (1411 words)

Asia Finest Discussion Forum > Native European Cultures This movement occurs because most of the previous cultures of the area were of the T-group of the Vascon-Caucasian group of the Dene-Caucasian languages. Whereas both languages were related, and both adopted features from the neolithic substrate cultures to the south, Etruscan came to have many features similar to the Asianic neolithic substrate, whereas Proto-Indo-European had fewer such features, but a greater degree of cross borrowing with the Uralic languages immediately to their north. Austro-asiatic is a language family of its own ofcourse, but it should belong to something larger and older I suppose, we all came from a common something. www.asiafinest.com /forum/lofiversion/index.php/t7435.html   (7096 words)

Evolution of Human Languages This collaborative project deals with the development and testing of the Dene-Caucasian (Sino-Caucasian) hypothesis. The current phase of Bengtson's work is to codify the historical phonology of the Basque language and its systematic correspondences with the Caucasian proto-language, as reconstructed by Nikolayev and Starostin. This is the hypothesis that certain language families and language “isolates” of Eurasia and North America share a deep genetic connection. ehl.santafe.edu /denecauc.htm   (356 words)

Dene - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Dene Oldacre is a bachelor, fifty-two years of age, and lives in Deep Dene House, at the Sydenham end of the road of that name. The official body representing them is called the Dene Nation. encyclopedia.farlex.com /dene   (114 words)

Open Directory - Science: Social Sciences: Linguistics: Languages: Natural Language Families - Maps of the various language families, with background reference material, based on Encyclopaedia Britannica material. The World's Top Twenty Spoken Languages - Estimates for the world's top 20 languages (given in millions) on the basis of the number of mother-tongue (first-language) speakers and population estimates for those countries where the language has official status. Language of the Week - A different world language is examined each week. dmoz.org /Science/Social_Sciences/Linguistics/Languages/Natural   (621 words)

Untitled The Yeniseian languages, once widespread across the region, are now represented only by Ket, a linguistic isolate spoken by approximately 500-1000 people living near the Yenisei River north of Krasnoyarsk. The Turkic languages expanded in the first millennium C.E. from their inferred homeland in the Altai mountains to include Central Asia and Anatolia; the precise origin of the Turks remains obscure, however. Linguistics and ethnology: The most widespread language family in Asia is Altaic, encompassing three branches: Manchu-Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic. popgen.well.ox.ac.uk /eurasia/htdocs/ea98back.html   (810 words)

MYSTERIOUS WORLD: Summer 2003: Giants in the Earth Part II: Giants of the Americas One of these root languages, Dene Caucasian, is believed by some to be the ancestor of the Na-Dene language, a Native American family of languages that is most common in Canada and America's desert southwest. Moreover, the Caucasian Kurgan had blonde or red hair, as did the giants of the Americas, and also used red ochre in their burials, a practice that was also common in the Americas. The Kurgans were quite literally the original Caucasians, having originated from the area around the Caucasus from which the term has derived. www.mysteriousworld.com /Journal/2003/Summer/Giants   (11663 words)

Language Caucasian (in the Caucasus Mountains of Russia, e.g. Georgian [4]) -- speculative: most consider at very least that Georgian (Kartvelian) is separate from the other Caucasian languages. Amerindian (600 languages of North and South America) -- the most speculative of all; most specialists in American Indian languages consider these to be independent families. www.ship.edu /~cgboeree/genpsyintrolang.html   (441 words)

Amazon.ca: Genes, Peoples, and Languages: Books The language family that includes Na-Dene (in N. America), Caucasian (mainly Georgian), and Sino-Tibetan languages is called the 'Dene-Caucasian' family. Nevertheless, there are some interesting ideas and data presented, like the correlation of language classification and genetic groupings, or the possible (and probable) outgrowth and expansions of human settlements, arising from Africa. Cavalli-Sforza's studies of the transmission of family names in Italy, of the relationship between human genes and languages, of migration and marriage, are the benchmarks of our biological self-understanding. www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0520228731   (772 words)

dene - OneLook Dictionary Search Phrases that include dene: dene hole, clough dene, crimdon dene, dene caucasian languages, dene nation, more... Dene, dene : The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language [home, info] Dene, dene : Encarta® World English Dictionary, North American Edition [home, info] www.onelook.com /?w=dene   (140 words)

Writing.Com: Lexical Contact in Southwestern Europe In language, an example of this is the auxiliary verb “have,” as in “I have eaten.” French’s “avoir” turned into Languedocian’s “aver” (both are used as auxiliaries and noting of possession, similar to English), and the convergence occurs where Languedocian meets Spanish. For example, several languages in Europe ask age differently: “how old are you?”, “how many years do you have?”, and “how many winters/Christmas’s have you seen?” are all examples of how contact can change one phrase into various forms of the same phrase. The effects of language contact on social anthropology - communication, culture, geographical location, education, politics, history, and all ways of life - are innumerable and extremely important in its development. www.writing.com /main/view_item/item_id/969798   (3967 words)

Lymphocyte Antigens The “Caucasian” f;b is well represented in South America (Carib, Arawak, Aymara, Kraho, Makiritaré, Maue, Ticuna, Zamuco) but is nearly absent from North American Amerinds and Na-Dene. Numerous effects on language have been claimed, including impressive recent findings by Foster (1998) of lexical elements shared by Austronesian and Quechua as well as by Mixe-Zoquean. Previously, Imbelloni (1928b) had claimed that Quechua seemed to be 30% Polynesian and Christian (1923) had argued for a Sanskrit (via Indonesian) influence on Araucanian, all paralleling the genetic evidence. www.neara.org /Guthrie/lymphocyteantigens02.htm   (8225 words)

NostraticRefs.txt The same is true of Sino-Caucasian, though there is the problem that much of the work on the North Caucasian languages has been unpublished outside of the xUSSR (they have complicated consonant systems, which makes comparison _very_ difficult). Nivkh NOTE: Afro-Asiatic could well be a group comparable to the rest of Nostratic and to Sino-Caucasian, as some Nostraticists have concluded. However, language is a human universal and this initial group of people would have had language. homepage.mac.com /lpetrich/www/writings/NostraticRefs.txt   (2128 words)

LINGUIST List 8.671: Trask: The History of Basque The final chapter, 'Connections with Other Languages' is a classic of modern linguistic literature upon which alone one could justify erecting a monument to act as centre piece in a linguistic hall of fame. Still, Blazek thinks that "a language without m is rather strange." Actually Michelena is on fairly safe ground deriving Basque /m/ from *b, *nb and /m/ in loan words. This has contributed to widespread ignorance about Basque language and culture, and for too long the area has been considered exotic - it is still possible to find works on Basque topics grouped with Aliens and Templars in catalogues and on bookshelves. www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de /linguist/issues/8/8-671.html   (2313 words)

References, Dards, Dardistan, and Dardic: an Ethnographic, Geographic, and Linguistic Conundrum Rensch, Calvin R. "Patterns of Language Use among the Kohistanis of Swat Valley". Kohistani to Kashmiri: An Annotated Bibliography of Dardic Languages Hallberg, Daniel G. "The Languages of Indus Kohistan". www.mockandoneil.com /dard-rf.htm   (601 words)

The Tower of Babel The North Caucasian protoforms are cited according to the EDNCL; Yenisseian protoforms are given according to the system proposed in PYR; Austronesian forms are cited according to VL, with the revised versions according to PANDYMC. It is interesting that for numbers from one to four most Sino-Caucasian languages actually reflect two sets of numerals; their discussion, however, goes beyond the scope of this paper. Some other languages were also proposed to be included (Sumerian, Basque, Burushaski); since they all are linguistic isolates without a possibility of intermediate reconstructions, I prefer not to resort to their evidence. starling.rinet.ru /Texts/fbasic.htm   (7316 words)

Lymphocyte Antigens They are all from speakers of Arawakan languages except for one Hokan tribe of Honduras (Jicaque) and one Carib tribe of Surinam (Wajana). The apparently foreign HLA alleles are usually less characteristic of Spain, Portugal, or West Africa than of places alleged to have had earlier contact, such as Pacific Oceania, North Africa, or Southwest Asia, and in many instances other “marker” genes of modern European and West African populations are absent. Also, veteran linguistic scholars such as Key (1999), Foster (1999), and Stubbs (1998) are advancing reasons to think that elements common to Afro-Asiatic and Austronesian languages were present in certain Mexican and South American Indian languages long before post-1492 contact. www.neara.org /Guthrie/lymphocyteantigens01.htm   (6494 words)

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