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Topic: Dentary

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	Palaeos Vertebrates: Bones: Dermal Bones: Mandibular Series: Dentary
		At the level of Bob, roughly the very basal Amniota, the dentary was carrying all before it on the outside of the jaw.
		However, the dentary was a bit different because it early assumed the role of supporting the most marginal tooth row.
		Accordingly, we are forced to retire in confusion, without a clear idea whether the dentary was a normal ordinary dermal bone exapted to hold teeth or a dentigerous bone which aspired to a front office job.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Bones/Dermal/MandibularDentary.html (1238 words)

	[No title]
		Dentary strongly curved towards symphysis; the rostral end of the dentary is not perpendicular to the long axis of the dentary; dorsal margin of the buccal surface flares outward anteriorly; tooth row restricted to the anterior portion of the jaw; pencil-like teeth with wear facets oblique to the labiolingual axis.
		Anteriorly the dentary is strongly curved towards the symphysis and the dorsal margin of the buccal surface flares outward.
		The dentary of Karongasaurus is distinct because the rostral mandibular curvature toward the symphysis is less strong than in Nemegtosaurus, Quaesitosaurus, Antarctosaurus wichmannianus, and diplodocids, in which the mandible is U-shaped in dorsal view.
	www.nhm.ac.uk /hosted_sites/pe/2005_1/gomani27/system4.htm (1049 words)

	[No title]
		Dentary: without rim on the lateral surface (0), with rim forming a horizontal shelf lateral to the tooth row (1).
		Symphysial region of dentary: rostrocaudally narrow, no broader than the transverse width of the postsymphysial portion (0), or broader than the transverse width of the postsymphysial portion (1).
		Dentary teeth: decrease in size rostrally or are homodont (0), increase in size rostrally (1).
	www.ucpress.edu /books/pages/2601001/Dino7.1TherizinoDesc.doc (763 words)

	[No title]
		Dentary tooth crown length:width proportions at center of tooth row: broad, ratio of 2.9:1 or less (0); elongate, ratio of 3.2—3.8:1 (1).
		Dentary, length of diastema between first dentary tooth and predentary: short, no more than width of four or five teeth (0); long, equal to approximately one-fifth to one-fourth length of tooth row (1); extremely long, equal to approximately one third of tooth row (2).
		Dentary tooth row, caudal extent of tooth row relative to apex of coronoid process: tooth row terminates even with or rostral to apex (0); tooth row terminates caudal to apex (1).
	www.ucpress.edu /books/pages/2601001/Dino20.1HadrosaurDesc.doc (2451 words)

	Carnegie's Dinosaurs: T. rex Web Log (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		It was difficult because the edges of the dentary and surangular where the two bones articulate are very thin and this region was covered by a considerable amount of plaster.
		The dentary is the tooth bearing bone whereas the surangular extends along the outer surface of the jaw from the dentary to the articular bone, which articulates with the skull.
		I was able to free the dentary from the reconstructed portion of the lower jaw late yesterday.
	www.carnegiemuseums.org /cmnh/ditw/paleolab/rex.htm (2879 words)

	Cincinnati Scolecodonts
		Arabellites: Prominent, edentulate falx; straight dentary occupies posterior half of the jaw.
		Posterior is broadly rounded to truncate; dentary somewhat curved ("S") with well developed anterior tooth.
		face concave; broad ramal extension near the center enclosing a deep bight; ramus perpendicular or acute to dentary.
	drydredgers.org /scolec2.htm (784 words)

	ADW: Jaws and Ears
		In therapsids, and other vertebrates with jaws as well, the lower jaw is made up of a number of bones, including the dentary and a series of additional bones, which in therapsids are concentrated in the rear half of the jaw and are collectively sometimes called the "postdentary" bones.
		Within the therapsids, there is a clear trend over time for an increase in size of the dentary, including formation of a coronoid process, and reduction of the postdentary elements of the lower jaw (in fact, this trend may have taken place independently in several groups).
		As the dentary increased in size, the articular and quadrate became smaller and less tightly attached to lower and upper jaw, respectively.
	animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu /site/topics/mammal_anatomy/jaws_and_ears.html (1316 words)

	Are There No Transitional Forms?
		Whereas the reptilian jaw joint is formed by the conjunction of the articular bone of the jaw with the quadrate bone of the skull, the mammalian jaw joint is formed by the conjunction of the dentary bone of the jaw with the squamosal bone of the skull.
		In reptiles, the lower jaw is composed of the dentary plus at least 3 additional bones, and the jaw joint is formed by the articulation of the articular bone of the jaw with the quadrate bone of the skull.
		As the dentary is further elaborated, we can recognize two functional jaw joints, a medial reptilian joint, which consists of the articular and the quadrate, and a lateral mammalian joint, which is formed by the dentary and squamosal" (p 395).
	www.geocities.com /earthhistory/tran.htm (7156 words)

	Transitional Vertebrate Fossils FAQ: Part 1B
		Dentary now is 3/4 of lower jaw; the other bones are now a small complex near the jaw hinge.
		Dentary still larger, with the little quadrate and articular bones were loosely attached.
		Dentary still larger, forming 90% of the muscle-bearing part of the lower jaw.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/faq-transitional/part1b.html (4884 words)

	Mandible - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In insects, the mandible is an appendage near the mouth, typically acting as a jaw.
		In animals, the bone of the lower jaw that bears teeth is also known as the dentary bone.
		The mandible (inferior maxillary bone)(together with the maxilla) is the largest and strongest bone of the face.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dentary (781 words)

	Evolutionary trends and the origin of the mammalian lower jaw Paleobiology - Find Articles
		Measurements confirm that the relative contribution of the dentary increased in theriodont (advanced therapsid) evolution with regard to both stratigraphic and phylogenetic position.
		Indeed, synapsid mandibular evolution has come to be regarded as recording a gradual trend whereby enlargement of the dentary occurs at the expense of the postdentary bones (Crompton and Jenkins 1973; Kemp 1982; Hopson 1987).
		In this study, I use measurement and discrete character data to: (1) quantify the morphological changes that occurred in the evolution of the lower jaw between pelycosaur-grade synapsids and their mammalian descendants, and (2) address several previously proposed hypotheses concerning the nature and magnitude of morphological trends during the first ~100 Myr of synapsid history.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4067/is_200310/ai_n9343278 (857 words)

	Cuffey 2 - Mammal - Like Reptiles
		It articulates with the squamosal bone of the skull (Simpson, 1959; Carroll, 1988).
		Successively, the relative proportion of the lower jaw comprised of the dentary bone (teeth-bearing bone) gradually increased until the entire lower jaw consisted of the dentary (Kemp, 1982; Sloan, 1983; Carroll, 1988; Hopson, 1987, 1994).
		As the quadrate and articular became smaller, they were relieved of their solid suture to the dentary and skull (Crompton, 1972; Allin, 1975, 1986; Allin and Hopson, 1992; Hopson, 1987, 1994; Crompton and Parker, 1978; Kemp, 1982; Sloan, 1983; Carroll, 1988).
	www.gcssepm.org /special/cuffey_05.htm (2588 words)

	Reptile-Mammal
		Has an expanded temporal region; large zygomatic arch; enlarged dentary, but the lower jaw is still made up of several bones (albeit reduced); the begining of a secondary palate; double occipital condyle (first major mammalian character).
		Enlarged dentary, 90% of lower jaw, teeth differentiating, large canine, molars with cusps; secondary palate well developed; jaw joint quadrate-articular, but bones very small; scapular transverse and turned out - half way to mammal condition; limbs under body; possible evidence for fur in fossil footprints.
		Double occipital condyle; secondary palate; separated nares; dentary bone covers almost all lower jaw; differentiated dentition; double rooted teeth; lumbar free; scapulare with spine; pelvic elements fused; fused clavical ribs; but quadrate-articular although very much reduced, still participate in the jaw joint.
	members.tripod.com /~Cambrian/Reptile-Mammal (1265 words)

	Mammal Glossary
		Alveolar length of a tooth-row therefore denotes the length of the row of the teeth, taken from the posteriormost place where the back tooth emerges from the bone to the anteriormost point where the front tooth in the row emerges from the bone—the overall length of the bony sockets for the row of teeth.
		dentary - A tooth-bearing bone of the lower jaw.
		In mammals, it is the only bone on a side; in all other vertebrates, it is accompanied by other bones.
	www.utep.edu /LEB/keys/glossary.htm (2578 words)

	The Evolution of Ears (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The reptile ear In the early mammal- like reptile Dimetrodon the large lower jaw consists of the dentary, which holds the teeth, and a group of postdentary bones running backward to the jaw joint.
		The eardrum was supported by a thin ear bone (the stapes), which passed sound vibrations to the sensitive part of the inner ear and organ of hearing.
		The cynodont ear: In Thrinaxodon the dentary bone is much larger, and the postdentary bones are crowded to the back of the jaw around the joint.
	oscar.ctc.edu /access/geology100/earevolv.html (189 words)

	Int. J. Dev. Biol. - Differentiation and growth of kype skeletal tissues in anadromous male Atlantic salmon (Salmo ...
		We show that the kype is, in part, composed of rapidly growing skeletal needles arising at the tip of the dentary.
		Rapid formation of the skeleton of the kype is demonstrated by the presence of numerous osteoblasts, a broad distal osteoid zone, and the appearance of proteoglycans at the growth zone.
		Unlike the normal compact bone of the dentary, the new skeletal tissue contains chondrocytes and cartilaginous extracellular matrix.
	www.ijdb.ehu.es /web/paper.php?doi=12216984 (341 words)

	Articles / Impact / The Mammal-Like Reptiles - Institute for Creation Research
		In mammals there is a single bone in each half of the lower jaw, called the dentary, since it bears the teeth, and this bone articulates directly with the squamosal area of the skull.
		With Morganucodon and Kuehneotherium, the dentary extends sufficiently posteriorly to encourage the belief that it made contact with the squamosal and the alleged point of contact on the dentary is called the condyle.
		As mentioned earlier, evolutionists believe that as the bones in the reptilian jaw, except for the dentary, gradually became relieved of their function in the jaw they were now free either to evolve out of existence or to assume some new function.
	www.icr.org /index.php?module=articles&action=view&ID=184 (2983 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The reptile jaw is formed between the quadrate (in the skull) and the articular bone (in the lower jaw), while in mammals it lies between the squamosal and dentary bones.
		Hence, five of the reptilian bones seem to have been lost, and astonishingly the whole process is shown in the fossil record of the mammal-like reptiles, a group that existed form the mid-Carboniferous until the Jurassic.
		Between the Permian and the Triassic, the dentary had come to dominate the mammal-like reptile lower jaw, and the other bones were restricted to an internal posterior position.
	oscar.ctc.edu /access/geology100/jawevolv.html (198 words)

	Brainstorms: Evolving Inventions
		In unequivocal mammals, the joint is between the squamosal and the dentary.
		In mammals, the joint is between the squamosal and the dentary, and the mammal middle ear contains the angular, articular, and quadrate, which become are renamed tympanic annulus, malleus, and incus.
		Reduction of the PDU increasingly weakened its tie to the dentary until a critical point was reached where the dentary, while erecting to a more vertical position during ontogeny, no longer seized the PDU, which was moored at the basicranium by connective tissue.
	www.iscid.org /boards/ubb-get_topic-f-6-t-000287-p-9.html (11404 words)

	2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The new dentary has an intact anterior end, not present in the holotype, which shows the size of the first alveolus and the elongate nature of the mandibular symphysis.
		There are twelve alveoli present in the preserved portion of the dentary, with the first, fourth, and tenth being the largest.
		The lateral surface of the dentary is heavily sculpted with prominent pits and grooves.
	faculty.roosevelt.edu /buckley/svp01_2.htm (290 words)

	Animal Planet :: Mammal Guide
		Another skeletal difference can be seen in the mammalian dentary, the tooth-bearing part of the lower jaw, which changed considerably as mammals evolved.
		In keeping with a generalized evolutionary trend toward a reduction in the number of bones in the skull, most of the lower jaw bones became smaller and eventually disappeared.
		From taking up only about half of the jaw, the dentary of today's mammals has expanded until it forms a new jaw joint with the skull.
	animal.discovery.com /guides/mammals/body/overview_backbone.html (317 words)

	Mesozoic Eucynodonts, Vocabulary
		In terms of this project, the dentary is the tooth- bearing bone of the lower jaw.
		In terms of this project, a mandible is each side of the dentary.
		In terms of this project, the Meckelian groove, (aka Meckel's groove and Meckel's suture), is a feature found on the lingual surface of vertebrate dentaries.
	home.arcor.de /ktdykes/vocab.htm (6558 words)

	Carnosauria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Characters found in coelurosaurs include the constricted tooth roots, a lateral dentary groove containing foramina, posterior serrations much larger than anterior serrations, serrations on anterior carinae restricted to distal half of tooth, reduced anterior pubic foot, open obturator notch in pubis and ischium 2/3 the length of the pubis.
		(FPDM-V97081128) dentary tooth (33.4 mm)(Currie and Azuma, 2006)
		A maxillary fragment, a dentary fragment, nine teeth, the cervical centrum, the dorsal neural arch and the coracoid were found in the same level, but in different areas of the quarry.
	students.washington.edu /eoraptor/Carnosauria.htm (9568 words)

	Exam 1 Answer Key
		Articulation of mandible with cranium occurs between the articular bone (lower jaw) and the quadrate bone (cranium)
		Articulation of mandible with cranium occurs between the dentary bone and the squamosal
		When I wrote this question I was thinking in terms of universal mammalian characteristics, but I also gave credit for other specializations (e.g., mulit-chambered stomach) if you made clear its role in maintaining a high MR.
	www.life.umd.edu /classroom/bsci338m/tests/KeyNo1.html (1652 words)

	IngentaConnect A primitive euhadrosaurian dinosaur from the uppermost Cretaceous... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		It is attributed to the Euhadrosauria on the basis of the following synapomorphies: dentary teeth not recurved distally, narrow dentary crowns, and denticles not supported by subsidiary ridges.
		The phylogenetic relationships of the best-known iguanodontids and hadrosauroids are evaluated using mandibular and dentary tooth characters.
		On the basis of a cladistic analysis, the family of Hadrosauridae is diagnosed by more than 29 dentary tooth positions, parallel-sided vertical furrows formed by dentary alveoli, and absence of caudal secondary ridges.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/klu/genm/1999/00000078/00000003/00244156 (386 words)

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