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Topic: Denudation

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	The Formation of Vegetable Mould Through the Action of Worms With Observations of Their Habits - Chapter V (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Denudation means the removal of such disintegrated matter to a lower level.
		Until the last twenty or thirty years, most geologists thought that the waves of the sea were the chief agents in the work of denudation; but we may now feel sure that air and rain, aided by streams and rivers, are much more powerful agents,--that is if we consider the whole area of the land.
		Tylor had adduced important evidence on sub-aerial denudation, by showing that the amount of matter brought down by rivers must infallibly lower the level of their drainage basins by many feet in no immense lapse of time.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/sci/earthscience/TheFormationofVegetableMouldThroughtheActionofWormsWithObservationsofTheirHabits/chap8.html (4711 words)

	TOPOGRAPHY, TECTONICS, AND EROSION - SAR Interferometry and Surface Change Detection
		Denudation rates from individual river drainage basins can vary by orders of magnitude, but we are far from understanding the reason for this large variation.
		A better job can be done by assuming that the denudation rate is dependent on average elevation and precipitation, but even this is a very simple-minded model of the immense complexity with which topography controls the erosion rate.
		A modern example of the denudation/ uplift balance is the island of Taiwan, as described by Dahlen and Barr (1989) and Barr and Dahlen (1989).
	southport.jpl.nasa.gov /scienceapps/dixon/report6.html (1365 words)

	Semiconductor wafer with enhanced pre-process denudation and process-induced gettering - Patent 5445975
		The surface of the substrate and denuded area (prior to oxide formation) is substantially uniform as a result of the absence of oxygen atoms and interstitial silicon atoms formed thereon and also as a result of minimal lattice dislocations and stacking faults caused by the migration of interstitial silicon atoms.
		Denudation is necessary to allow oxygen near the surface of the substrate to out-diffuse and also to dissolve any oxygen aggregates that may be in the wafer bulk.
		Denudation is performed in a hydrogen ambient and at a high temperature in the range of 1100.degree.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5445975.html (6032 words)

	Rates and Pattern of Denudation - 2000TC001246
		[39] The inference of denudation rate from thermochronologic data is often complicated by time-dependent thermal regimes whose evolution depends on the advection of heat during denudation [e.g., Moore and England, 2001].
		However, an estimate of their magnitude is complicated by the advection of heat during rapid denudation [Mancktelow and Grasemann, 1997].
		As noted in section 4.5, the form of the cooling path, and thus, the timing of the increase in denudation rate, during this interval is not constrained by our data, and we can only estimate mean denudation rates during this interval using a linear extrapolation between data points.
	www.agu.org /pubs/sample_articles/sp/2000TC001246/5.shtml (614 words)

	Dynamics of fluvial transport (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The concepts used in research, Cholley's denudation system and Bertallanffy's functioning of a system, proved very useful in determining the internal structure of the system of the upper Parsêta catchment, and especially in establishing relationships that hold among the studied elements of the system.
		Denudation processes in the upper Parsêta catchment are continuous and highly seasonal in character, with variable rates of chemical and mechanical denudation in the successive seasons of denudation activity distinguished.
		The high efficiency of denudation processes is associated with weather types and influences the dynamics of the river regime.
	www.staff.amu.edu.pl /~anko/dyn/dyn11.htm (407 words)

	Studies in the Sierra by John Muir
		In the stupendous denudation to which it was then subjected, all its pre-glacial features disappeared Plants, animals, and landscapes were wiped from its flanks like drawings from a flboard, and the vast page left smooth and clean, to be repictured with young life and the varied and beautiful inscriptions of water, snow, and the atmosphere.
		Their denuding power is much greater than that of the first species, on account of their greater weight and compactness.
		The denudation of gorges by the friction of the boulders thus urged gratingly along their channels is often quite marked.
	www.sierraclub.org /John_Muir_exhibit/writings/studies_in_the_sierra/chapter_5.html (4026 words)

	Penile Denudation Injuries After Circumcision
		The concept of skin regeneration in the denuded phallus is valid and is not limited to children as illustrated by case 3.
		band of denuded phallus was treated conservatively in a newborn, and denudation of the phallus and tesies were closed primarily.
		It is important to remember that a denudation injury resulting from circumcision does not dictate necessarily the need for skin grafting or a second operative procedure for repair.
	www.cirp.org /library/complications/sotolongo1 (600 words)

	Onset of Rapid Denudation - 2000TC001246
		Likewise, in the Min Shan, the onset of rapid cooling in the feldspar model (5–6 Ma) corresponds almost exactly with the zircon age (~5 Ma), restricting the onset of rapid cooling to between 5 and 3 Ma.
		For example, the advection of heat that accompanies an increase in denudation rate imparts a phase lag between the onset of rapid denudation and rapid cooling that complicates a direct interpretation of the onset of rapid cooling [House and Hodges, 1994; Stuwe et al.
		It is important to note that these are maximum estimates; denudation could have begun as recently as 5–6 Ma in the Longmen Shan and as recently as 4–5 Ma in the Min Shan.
	www.agu.org /pubs/sample_articles/sp/2000TC001246/6.shtml (478 words)

	Remote Sensing and GIS Technologies for Denudation Estimation in a Siwalik Watershed of Nepal
		The rate of denudation is highly varying with natural factors together with the ever increase demand for forest resources and utilsable land for the growing population.
		The denudation factor has to be identified for every spatial location of the watershed or, has to be measured for well distributed points to apply the model as it is. This is not realistic even in a well monitored suggested.
		As the relationship between denudating and NDVI plays a critical role in this method, attempt was made to identify the potential of NDVI in representing the state of the forest cover in the watershed.
	www.gisdevelopment.net /aars/acrs/1996/ts2/ts2002pf.htm (3442 words)

	GIS in Quantitative Geomorphology - Assessment of denudation rates in the Central Kenya Rift (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		GIS-based techniques of digital spatial data analysis are applied to quantify longterm average rates of surface lowering (denudation) for a 710 km2 large area within the Bahati-Kinangop-Plateau in the Central Kenya Rift.
		The plateau is an ideal site for assessing longterm denudation rates due to the conservation of well dated relict erosional remnants forming the top part of the present plateau surface.
		These denudation rates reflect the natural variation in magnitude of exogenic geomorphologic processes and are the basis for further regional analysis within a GIS.
	www.gfz-potsdam.de /pb1/pg5/publications/roessner_geoinf96.html (278 words)

	Ecosystem Impacts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		We used an estimate of the averaged denudation rate in the region based on integrated data of the carbonate hardness or the water from springs, rivers, cave pools and dripping water and average precipitation rate (of 470 mm/yr) from meteorological data.
		Temperature dependence of carbonate denudation due to temperature dependence of solubility of the carbonate dioxide produce only 9.3 % variation in the denudation rate in result of the reconstructed variation of 4.7 deg.
		Precipitation dependence of carbonate denudation produce 79 % variation in the denudation rate in result of the reconstructed variation of 300 mm/yr from the driest to the wettest year.
	karst.planetresources.net /Stara_Zagora/ecosystem_impacts.htm (1782 words)

	Tectonic denudation of Nanga Parbat? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		While some of the brittle faults near and on the western margin near Sassi do have dip-slip displacement appropriate for denudation of the massif, there is no reason to suppose that they have been rotated significantly from their present steep attitude.
		Dating suggests that this motion is too old [>20Ma] to explain the denudation of the NPHM, the bulk of which has to be <10Ma [ Zeitler, and others, numerous refs].
		In general, at present, we find the lack of convincing and extensive evidence for tectonic denudation of the NPHM to be the first-order conclusion.
	www.albany.edu /geosciences/nangap/tectdenu.html (500 words)

	Durham Geography CAL Web
		This project aims to make you think hard about a set of geographical data and to develop three research questions or hypotheses using the deductive approach of the scientific method that relate to these data.
		Firstly, estimates of global denudation (chemical and mechanical) rates provide important inputs to quantitative models of landscape development.
		The dataset contains information about solute and mechanical denudation rates, as well as other variables relating to each basin for which data are available.
	www.geography.dur.ac.uk /teaching/level1/module3/3_4/docs/outline.htm (594 words)

	[No title]
		Modern denudation rates show a significant negative correlation with the proportion of forest cover in the drainage basin, and insignificant positive correlations with unvegetated areas and glacieral cover.
		Cores of lake sediments and palaeoclimatic reconstructions give evidence, that the denudation of the Alps reached a maximum during deglaciation when sediment supply was promoted by large masses of unconsolidated materials, scarce vegetation, and high transport capacities.
		Consequently, the change of denudation rates during a glacial/interglacial cycle for the Alps can be estimated to be in the order of a factor of 14, which lies well within the range of other studies in central Europe, Scandinavia and North America.
	homepages.uni-tuebingen.de /uni/ep/epifr03/TGAvol/-070.html (643 words)

	AADMC: Selected Articles 2001: Epithelial damage in asthma- pathology or artifact?
		They found a similar percentage of basement membrane which was completely denuded of respiratory epithelium in biopsies from the 2 study groups (14.8 +/- 11.8 versus 11.4 +/- 9.8% respectively).
		The authors concluded that the previously reported epithelial denudation thought to be characteristic of asthma may be an artifact of tissue sampling in previous studies in which limited areas of tissue were examined and not a true pathologic manifestation of asthma.
		An impressive finding of this study was the wide variation in the degree of epithelial denudation among both the asthmatics and healthy subjects studied.
	www.aaaai.org /aadmc/currentliterature/selectedarticles/2001archive/epithelial_damage.html (372 words)

	Abstract--Surficial Processes and Landslides in the Central Appalachians — Late Pleistocene and Holocene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Cenozoic and Quaternary history of the Appalachian highlands includes uplift of a passive plate margin and denudation of the landscape.
		Sedimentary analysis of small drainage basins in the Madison, Virginia area following an intense storm in 1995 suggests that nearly half of the mechanical, long term denudation within each basin is a result of debris flows.
		C data suggest that average recurrences of debris-flow activity within a given area may be as infrequent as 2000 years.
	www.appalachianregionscience.usgs.gov /appal/pub/abstract.asp?ID=5 (378 words)

	sloan97 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Use of a uniform distribution produces denudation rates that are significantly higher than the global results derived from a spatially varying runoff distribution.
		This result occurs despite the existence of greater global mean annual runoff for the Eocene cases and despite the existence of ice-covered areas (by definition, not contributing to chemical weathering in our model) in the present case.
		The increase in Si global denudation fluxes from the Eocene to the present are caused primarily by the large increase in exposed granitic, basaltic, and shale lithologies, and a decrease in exposed sandstone areas, between the Eocene and present.
	www.geo.mtu.edu /~gbluth/Publications/sloan_1997_paleo.html (319 words)

	Lecture 4
		The lecture will also discuss the meaning of denudation chronologies and explain why these theories concentrated on identifying the role of pre-quaternary events in shaping the landscape.
		the main aim was to produce denudation chronologies.
		Denudation chronologies attempt to explain where, how and when land surfaces developed.
	www.staffs.ac.uk /schools/sciences/geography/staff/harrist/landev/lect5notes.htm (581 words)

	Up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor Flt-1 after endothelial denudation: role of transcription ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor Flt-1 after endothelial denudation: role of transcription factor Egr-1.Little is known about the regulation of the expression of these receptors after vascular injury.
		After denudation, the Flt-1 protein and mRNA levels are clearly up-regulated, and transient transfection experiments showed a strong induction of the flt-1 promoter-dependent transcription.
		Herein, we have analyzed the expression of Flt-1 after mechanical denudation of primary cultures of endothelial cells, which has been considered a useful in vitro model to study endothelium responses to vascular injury.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/8444838.html (235 words)

	USGS - Pre-anthropogenic denudation rates of a perturbed watershed (Cayaguás River, Puerto Rico) estimated from in ...
		Be distributions indicated an average denudation rate of 43 mm/ka, comparable to a rate of 75 mm/ka based on present-day mass balance.
		Assuming that the initial conditions in the Cayaguás were comparable to those observed in the Icacos, the lower concentrations in the Cayaguás suggest an average loss of ~50 cm of soil and saprolite since the initiation of human activity in the basin.
		In the Cayaguás basin, where most of the surface soil layer has been lost by intense erosion related to human activity, the ratio is only ~2 to 3, consistent with the bulk of the sediment coming from a relatively thin near-surface horizon.
	pr.water.usgs.gov /public/webb/bibliography/abstract115.html (506 words)

	Denudation events along the Transantarctic Mountains and their relation to the tectonic evolution of the Antarctic plate
		Early Cretaceous denudation in northern Victoria Land is related to the initial stages of break-up between Antarctica and Australia at ~125 Ma.
		However, early Cretaceous denudation at the southern end of the TAM is probably related to rock uplift occurring at the same time as recorded by AFTT profiles within the Ellsworth-Whitmore Mountains crustal block.
		Late Cretaceous denudation in the TAM is related to the main phase of extension between East and West Antarctica, most likely accommodated along low-angle detachment faults (Fitzgerald and Baldwin, 1997).
	pandora.nla.gov.au /pan/13607/20010606/virtualexplorer.com.au/ACRC/news/conf/Conferences/PacificPenrose/Abstracts/Fitzgerald.html (614 words)

	Nordic Hydrology - 36 (2005) 21-36 - Achim A. Beylich. - Intensity and spatio-temporal variability of chemical ...
		The intensity and spatio-temporal variability of chemical denudation was analyzed in the Latnjavagge drainage basin (9 km
		The rate in Latnjavagge is much lower than chemical denudation rates reported for Kärkevagge (Swedish Lapland) situated close to Latnjavagge, but at a similar level to a number of other subarctic, arctic and alpine environments.
		Chemical denudation shows a spatio-temporal variability within the drainage basin, which is mainly caused by a spatio-temporal variability of snow cover and ground frost and a spatial variability of regolith thicknesses within Latnjavagge.
	www.iwaponline.com /nh/036/nh0360021.htm (212 words)

	ABSTRACT: Chemical denudation rates of the western Canadian orogenic belt: the Stikine terrane. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The aim of the paper is to calculate chemical denudation rates for this uplifted accretionary prism, mainly dominated by volcanics and volcanic-derived sedimentary rocks.
		The major chemical features of the Stikine rivers are their dilute character and the excess of Ca, Mg and Sr in the dissolved load with regards to Na.
		They are however found to be consistent with the global law for chemical weathering rates established for basaltic rocks showing that chemical denudation rate are linearly correlated to runoff and depend on temperature according to an Arrhenius law.
	cgrg.geog.uvic.ca /abstracts/GaillardetChemicalWe.html (455 words)

	USGS - Determination of predevelopment denudation rates of an agricultural watershed (Cayaguás River, Puerto ...
		Accurate estimates of watershed denudation absent anthropogenic effects are required to develop strategies for mitigating accelerated physical erosion resulting from human activities, to model global geochemical cycles, and to examine interactions among climate, weathering, and uplift.
		Denudation processes in an agricultural watershed (Cayaguás River basin, Puerto Rico) and a matched undisturbed watershed (Icacos River basin) were compared using
		This confirms the recent and presumably anthropogenic origin of the modern high denudation rate in the Cayaguás basin and suggests that pre- agricultural erosional conditions were comparable to those of the present-day Icacos.
	pr.water.usgs.gov /public/webb/bibliography/abstract030.html (287 words)

	Letters to "Nature" on the Age of the Earth, by Alfred Russel Wallace
		And this implies that at every successive period, from the Laurentian to the Pliocene, the conditions of denudation and deposition were totally different from what they are now, since at the present time it is demonstrable that the area of deposition of continental debris is only a fraction of the whole continental area.
		They are therefore necessarily very much thicker than the average thickness of the denuded layer, and the ratio of the area of denudation to the area of deposition, which I have estimated at 19 to 1, gives their proportionate thickness.
		If, however, the area of deposition is very much less than the area of denudation, which is now admitted to be the fact, then the rate of deposition per foot of thickness will be many times greater than the rate of denudation.
	www.wku.edu /~smithch/wallace/S458AND.htm (806 words)

	Orographic control of glaciers and denudation in the Chugach/St (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		A strong orographic control on climate is revealed by modern temperature and precipitation gradients from the southern, windward flank across the range to the northern, leeward flank.
		Differences in the magnitude of equilibrium line altitude depression as revealed by the extent of occupation of glaciated valleys and fjords during Holocene and Pleistocene glacial advances attests to the long-term influence of this orographic effect on the mechanisms, magnitude, and rate of denudation across the range.
		Changes in ice extent and thickness in basins vary dramatically over glacial maxima-minima cycles and between the windward and leeward flanks of the range.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/jaeger/JOI_CD/abstracts/meigs_abs.htm (268 words)

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