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Deontological vs. utilitarian values for natural resources Deontological values tended to be seen as protected against tradeoffs with other goods (especially gains of other goods, as opposed to preventing losses), concerned with existence rather than human experience, fundamental values rather than means to other ends, and more connected with active causing of harm than with letting harm happen. The conclusions suggest that the distinction between utilitarian and deontological values accounts for much of the variance, but there may be sub-distinctions among types of deontological values. The deontological values are the most interesting, as well as being the most problematical for public policy. www.sas.upenn.edu /~baron/env.html   (6333 words)

DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS Roughly, a deontological theory denies in some way that the good or what is of value, always takes priority over the right or duty. Theories holding that there are absolute rights for instance, are deontological in this sense, since they hold that some rights must not be violated even if it would produce the most overall good. It would simply argue for this deontological cast of mind, as it were, for teleological reasons. web.missouri.edu /~johnsonrn/deon.html   (919 words)

deontological (non-consequentialist) ethical theories - Privacy / Data Protection Project (c)2002-2005 Religious revelation ("divine command") is the historically common foundation for deontological moral principles: things are right or wrong if, and only if, commanded or forbidden by God. Some philosophers (and many sociobiologists) take the position that deontological principles are simply those that have "tested out" as having good consequences over a long period, and are accordingly sanctioned by custom, religious practice, etc. This view reduces deontological theories to a kind of surreptitious rule utilitarianism. As with utilitarianism, non-consequentialist theories come in "act" and "rule" forms: The former is the position that deontological principles are -- or should be -- applied by individuals to each unique circumstance. privacy.med.miami.edu /glossary/xd_deontological_theory.htm   (237 words)

Deontology   (Site not responding. Last check: ) Historically, the most influential deontological theory of morality was developed by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant, who introduced the idea of the categorical imperative. Deontological theories of morality are frequently contrasted to consequentialist theories such as utilitarianism and Aretaic turn theories such as contemporary virtue ethics. While deontological moral theories typically hold that certain actions are either forbidden or wrong per se, consequentialist theories usually maintain that the rightness or wrongness of an action depends on the consequences of the act and hence on the circumstances in which it is performed. www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Deontology.html   (340 words)

Pacifism [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] Deontological pacifists, those who assert that peaceful interaction is a duty to be supported, must weigh their pacifism against the violation of that peace by criminals or dangerous persons. Deontological pacifists can claim that others rights to life are of a higher order duty than the duty to intervene to save oneself. Conditional pacifism from the deontological perspective admits that the enactment of duties cannot be considered in isolation, for they may overlap and hence require a conditional acceptance or a moral weighing. www.utm.edu /research/iep/p/pacifism.htm   (4655 words)

CHAPTER II - THE ANARCHIST CHALLENGE Deontological theories hold that it is impermissible to commit an act of an objectionable type even when it is necessary to minimize the occurrence of acts of the very same type. So deontological theories hold that it is impermissible to commit one act of an objectionable type in order to minimize acts of the very same type. The deontological principle for ranking states of affairs places a state of affairs defined by the occurrence of such a general type of action lower than one defined by its absence. www.wku.edu /~jan.garrett/kpa/malobert.htm   (3090 words)

Beyond Viande: The Ethics of Faux Flesh and Thriftshop Leather I conclude deontological or animal rights grounds entail the moral condemnation of faux meat and fake and secondhand animal skin. Therefore eating it must also be immoral on deontological grounds even though the consumer may not be endorsing a representation of non-human animals as mere resources. And assuming vegetarianism is correct on deontological grounds, it is also morally wrong to use vintage or secondhand leather. cla.calpoly.edu:16080 /~jlynch/turner.html   (3710 words)

Deontological Objections to Consequentialism To the consequentialist, it would seem that it is deontological ethics that frees one from personal responsibility, not consequentialist ethics. To (c), the consequentialist responds in the same way as the did to (b) - there are grounds independent of one's ethical system from which guilt springs, and from which the consequentialist might perhaps even encourage guilt to spring so as to discourage other consequentialists from being lax with their calculations. We can say that the principle of utility maximization and the rules of deontological ethics can each be employed to absolve oneself of personal responsibility, but that people operating within both frameworks are likely to be trying their utmost to be decent, moral human beings. www.infidels.org /library/modern/mark_vuletic/objection_to_consequentialism.html   (1144 words)

Legal Theory Lexicon Deontological moral theories vary in myriad ways, but the focal point for deontology is the concept of duty with its correlative notions of rights and permission. In torts, deontological theories argue against the economic analysis of tort law and for the idea that tort law is best explained by a theory of corrective justice. Deontological moral theorists might counter that although their methods may not always produce unambiguous answers that will produce universal assent, that this is an unrealistic criterion for an acceptable moral theory. legaltheorylexicon.blogspot.com /2003/11/legal-theory-lexicon-010.html   (2105 words)

A CROSSCULTURAL EXAMINATION OF THE GENERAL THEORY OF Deontological Norms were measure using Kahle’s List of Values (Kahle, 1983), an average of the 20 scenarios in the Personal Selling Ethics Scale (Dabholkar and Kellaris 1992), and a 5-item scale measuring Strength of Religious Observance (lax to absolute). Deontological Evaluations of the alternatives were measured on a seven-point scale (wrong-right), in response to the statement, "Considering your own norms and values, please rate each alternative in terms of how right or wrong you view it." The difference between the stronger influence of deontological evaluation on ethical judgment for our student sample and the equally stronger influence of teleological evaluation for Mayo and Marks' marketing researcher sample may be explained in a number of ways. marketing.byu.edu /htmlpages/ccrs/proceedings99/donoho.htm   (3332 words)

Paul's crime and justice Page: criminal justice ethics: jeffrey reiman explains kantian and deontological ethics His view is of a type called “deontological” because it aims to show how there can be moral requirements that do not depend on whether the actions required produce good consequences. And such a moral view is deontological in that it arrives at its judgments without considering all the consequences of the acts under consideration. There's an additional discussion about the role of consequences of actions in the area of deontological ethics and a brief essay outlining the deontological objections to consequentialism. www.paulsjusticepage.com /cjethics/intro/deontological.htm   (1639 words)

Morality-Ethical Systems Deontological is: “the theory or study of moral obligation.” Deontological ethics are in essence law-based ethics. An example of deontological ethical behavior is if stealing is declared wrong then, even if it meant the starvation of an innocent child for example, theft would be wrong in all cases. A few deontological ethicists hold that logic or reason (such as “natural law”) may be the source of the rules. home.swbell.net /so2001/ethical.html   (812 words)

SSRN-The Role of Moral Philosophers in the Competition Between Deontological and Empirical Desert by Paul Robinson Deontological desert can transcend community, situation, and time to give a conception of justice that can be relied upon to reveal errors in popular notions of justice. One might assume them to be on the deontological side, facing the research social psychologists who are mapping shared intuitions of justice for empirical desert. But moral philosophers' reliance on intuitions can undermine their ability to produce a deontological conception of desert that transcends the popular view and that can be relied upon to tell us when shared intuitions of justice are wrong. papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=933692   (462 words)

Deontology Deontological methods of ethics are generally opposed to consequentialist methods insofar as they insist that the moral value of an action is wholly independent from the consequences of an action. Rather than focusing on consequences, deontological methods emphasize duty as the basis of moral value. Two well-known deontological theories are Kant’s Formalism and William Ockham’s Divine Command Theory. www.ascensionhealth.org /ethics/public/issues/deontology.asp   (205 words)

Hale Chair in Applied Ethics Resources - Manuals Deontological reasoning states a duty, observes that the present instance, real or hypothetical, falls under that duty, and proceeds to derive the obligation to carry out that duty in this instance. In deontological reasoning (literally, reasoning from duty), we assume that we are obligated to do what is right, that there are moral laws which correctly demarcate what is right and what is wrong, and that we can deduce the moral status of a contemplated action by finding what moral laws apply to it. Deontological reasoning starts with the assertion of duties, but those duties must be justified externally. www.rit.edu /~692awww/resources/manuals/dgae1p10.html   (1332 words)

[No title] He is impressed with what I called in Chapter 4 the “deontological principle,” namely, “a good act is a response to duty, even at the price of self-sacrifice.” He is less impressed with the teleological and existential principles. One major problem for the deontological movement is that once the philosopher identifies the source of ethical norms, that source turns out to be so abstract and vague that nothing specific can be derived from it. Deontologism is right to say that we need to have moral norms beyond our subjectivity and the happiness of mankind. reformedperspectives.org /newfiles/joh_frame/dcl8,_the_deontological_tradition.doc   (10804 words)

Ethics Text page Deontological theories of morality are frequently contrasted to consequentialist theories, such as utilitarianism. Since in this case there is no overarching consequence to aim for, conflicts between goods are to be adjudicated not by some ultimate consequentialist principle, but by the fine contextual discernment and intuition of the agent. Many forms of consequentialism at bottom are deontological, demanding that we simply have a duty to produce a certain kind of consequence, whether or not that kind of consequence personally moves us. pirate.shu.edu /~mckenndo/ethics-deontology-consequentialism.htm   (1330 words)

Joel Garver - Responsible Believing - Chapter Eight: Section Two Instead of applying the deontological notions to an analysis of justification, we can apply them to the conditions under which it is reasonable to take a belief to be (prima facie) justified. Justification is defended by appeals to the adequacy of grounds (which presupposes a shared belief forming practice which is mutually taken as justification-conferring) and by appeals to practices as permissible and properly engaged in (and thus as reasonably taken to be justification conferring). The modified deontological approach an d the doxastic practice approach have a shared appeal to the conditions under which it is reasonable to take beliefs to be justified. www.lasalle.edu /~garver/EIGHTa.html   (695 words)

20th WCP: Virtue Ethics (Not Too) Simplified Jim’s deontological and eudaimonist judgments must both be grounded in the nature of the entities concerned and his relationships to them. And in another legitimate usage, deontological theories are merely one among several types of theory in modern philosophical ethics: one likely typology divides ethical theories into deontological, utilitarian, contractarian, eudaimonist (back under consideration after a long hiatus) and skeptical (this last less a "theory" than a point of view). An emphasis on "the whole person" is perhaps a natural consequence of focusing on eudaimonist rather than deontological judgments; certainly "the good life" cannot be discussed if the sense of that life is lost in its atomization into a series of unrelated acts. www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/TEth/TEthCafa.htm   (3876 words)

[No title] I contend that the “deontological conception” of justification is indeed the most plausible account of the source of epistemic value. Rather, I’ll present the deontological conception so that it is quite clearly a substantive thesis: According to the deontological conception of justification, an item’s justifiedness is rooted in its being “action-like” — specifically, in its being performed volitionally. The deontological conception of justification can apply to the EFP’s of epistemology, since they are voluntary processes; doxastic voluntarism is no threat, since I do not ascribe deontological justification to beliefs. www.hss.cmu.edu /philosophy/conference/Sepielli.doc   (3770 words)

Consequentialism, deontological ethics, and prima facie duties at Law & Society Blog In a recent post, I claimed rather traditionally that consequentialism and deontological ethics are based on two basic moral intuitions that coexist peacefully over a wide range of normal situations but lead to sharply different results in extreme situations. Incompatible prima facie duties, both deontological and consequentialist in character, sometimes require us to make tough moral choices, where in a specific case principle A trumps principle B, but where the general normative force of the defeated principle continues and may well emerge victorious in different circumstances. Whereas at least one deontological reply would be identical to the satisficing consequentialist’s reply: in this decidedly unfortunate situation, one’s choices are constrained, one’s will is roped up, and thus one cannot fulfill their duties / satisfy consequences. www.lawsocietyblog.com /archives/202   (1446 words)

Rule Deontological Ethics vs. Rule Utilitarianism Deontological ethics are the ethics of duty and obligations. In fact, an individual who practices deontological ethics could completely believe in the virtues of the outcome of a particular behavior, but still believe that said behavior should not performed because the behavior itself is morally wrong (Kordig, 1973). There are two types of deontological ethics: act deontology and rule deontology. www.radessays.com /link.php?site=re&aff=r2c2&dest=viewpaper.php?request=7235   (250 words)

Key Distinctions for Value Theories, and the Importance of Hume deontological theories: the nature of actions instead of or as well as the consequences determines moral worth; must have rules to judge nature of actions. The common definitions of teleological and deontological ethics, in terms of means and ends, result in some logical confusion that is a real source of error in the history of ethics. This has been a source of great confusion in ethics, where we often have the sense that because "only the means count" and "only the ends count" are logically exclusive (they cannot both be true), they are therefore logical contradictories (the falsehood of one implies that truth of the other), which they are not. www.friesian.com /key.htm   (5152 words)

BOOK OF INSTRUMENTS: BOTH CONSEQUENTIALISTIC AND DEONTOLOGICAL, OR NEITHER So a theory may be deontological in that it recognizes, and in the way it interprets, a principle of justice, and consequentialistic in that it recognizes a principle of utility or beneficence. Such theories have been classified as "mixed deontological", but this expression is as confused and partial as the message mixed male when used by an informant to describe the makeup of a group consisting of both female and male, moral agents. If respecting a right would have bad consequences, or if in exercising this right a consequentialist or deontological duty would not be fulfilled, the person or being in question could have this right nevertheless on the account of a right-based theory. www.trinp.org /MNI/BoI/7/5/3.HTM   (397 words)

Essay: Duties and Deontological Ethics - Coursework.Info Duties and Deontological Ethics A duty is a moral obligation that an agent has towards another person, such as the duty not to lie. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, many philosophers held the normative theory that moral conduct is that which follows a specific list of duties. These theories are also called deontological theories, from the Greek word deon, or duty, since they emphasize foundational duties or obligations. www.coursework.info /i/8933.html   (276 words)

Morse Now, if retribution is part of the deontological component of the law, as Morse claims, this must mean it plays a role in deontological conduct guidance. The deontological retributive principle guides us towards the presumptive good of giving people their just deserts, just as the injunction to not torture babies guides us toward the good of happy babies. In particular, he thinks that to deny the deontological claim of retribution necessarily implies a pernicious, rights-denying consequentialism, what he calls a "good bacteria, bad bacteria" view of human beings, so we mustn’t abandon retribution. www.naturalism.org /morse.htm   (2526 words)

Internalist vs. Externalist Conceptions of Epistemic Justification (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) This third form of internalism is the deontological concept of justification, whose main idea is that the concept of epistemic justification is to be analyzed in terms of fulfilling one's intellectual duties or responsibilities. Advocates of the deontological concept of justification are defending a thesis concerning the meaning of the term ‘justified,’ and by itself this thesis concerning the meaning of the term has no implications for what the actual justifiers may turn out to be. Indeed, two leading internalists, Conee and Feldman, explicitly reject the GD conception and any deontological concept that is proposed as an analysis of the concept of justification, and yet this fact has no effect on their favored form of internalism, namely mentalism. plato.stanford.edu /entries/justep-intext   (10479 words)

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