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Topic: Deontology as consequentialism

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	Deontology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In moral philosophy, deontology is the view that morality either forbids or permits actions, which is done through moral norms.
		While deontological moral theories typically hold that certain actions are either forbidden or wrong per se, consequentialist theories usually maintain that the rightness or wrongness of an action depends on the consequences of the act and hence on the circumstances in which it is performed.
		Another way of distinguishing consequentialism and deontology, as done by Shelly Kagan, is to note that, under deontology, individuals are bound by constraints (such as the requirement not to kill) but are also given options (such as the right not to give money to charity, if they do not wish to).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Deontology (427 words)

	CONSEQUENTIALISM VS. DEONTOLOGY. Free term papers for college, book reports and research papers. Welcome to Essay DB
		From a consequential point of view, the person knew what he or she was doing and also knew there would be malice results from the actions if discovered by the spouse.
		From a Deontology point of view, the individual was doing what he or she did because their spouse did not meet the "moral obligation" of marriage to them.
		Deontology can't be a factor in my view of this because the moral obligation was still met but because it was the actions where not something to be proud of.
	www.essaydb.com /essay/004291.html (1363 words)

	deontology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In moral philosophy, deontology is the view that morality either forbids or permits actions.
		Another way of distinguishing consequentialism and deontology is due to Shelley Kagan, who notes that, under deontology, individuals are bound by constraints (such as the requirement not to kill) but are also given options (such as the right not to give money to charity, if they do not wish to).
		By way of contrast, aretaic theories often maintain that character as opposed to actions or their consequences should be the focal point of ethical theory.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Deontology.html (369 words)

	An Examination of Moral Theory and Personal Relationships (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Stocker believes that mainstream ethical theories, like consequentialism and deontology, make it impossible for people to reconcile their reasons and motives because these theories demand that people perform acts for the sake of duty or for the good, as opposed to because they care about the people who are affected by their actions.
		Objective consequentialism, on the other hand, states that the criterion of rightness of an action is whether it in fact would most promote the good of all the actions available to the agent.
		One problem with Railton’s notion of sophisticated consequentialism, which he readily admits, is the fact that since objective consequentialism has a definite criterion for right action, it presents an empirical question to all people regarding which modes of decision making they should use in different situations.
	www.philosophy.ubc.ca /prolegom/papers/Brownlee.htm (3871 words)

	virtue ethics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Thus, one of the aims of virtue ethics is to offer an account of the sort of characteristics a virtuous person has.
		Virtue ethics is explicitly contrasted with the dominant method of doing ethics in philosophy, which focuses on actions - for example, both Kantian and utilitarian systems try to provide guiding principles for actions that allow a person to decide, in any given situation, how to behave.
		Hume) continued to emphasize the virtues, with the ascendancy of utilitarianism and deontology, virtue ethics moved to the margins of western philosophy.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /virtue_ethics.html (663 words)

	AnalPhilosopher Consequentialism and Deontology
		The other day, out of the blue, a reader asked me to explain what I mean by "consequentialism" and "deontology." I'm happy to do so, for these are key terms in moral philosophy and I use them on a regular basis in my blogs.
		Consequentialism is the view that the only morally relevant feature (aspect, property, characteristic, attribute) of an action is its consequences.
		Consequentialism, theoretically speaking, is pure and simple; deontology is impure and complicated.
	analphilosopher.powerblogs.com /posts/1091892899.shtml (1375 words)

	Virtue Ethics [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Initially, virtue ethics was characterised as a movement rivalling consequentialism and deontology, in that it focused on the central role of concepts such as character and virtue in moral philosophy.
		Anscombe's critical and confrontational style towards deontology and consequentialism, set the scene for how virtue ethics was to develop in its first few years.
		Whereas deontology and consequentialism are based around rules that try to give us the right action, virtue ethics makes central use of the concept of character.
	www.iep.utm.edu /v/virtue.htm (7414 words)

	Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The latter is an agent-neutral teleological theory, and the former is its converse: an agent-relative non-teleological theory.
		This almost exclusive preoccupation with just deontology and consequentialism has prevented ethicists from exploring an interesting structural hybrid: an agent-relative teleological theory.
		Like consequentialism, it is teleological; it requires agents to act always so as to bring about the best available state of affairs.
	www.csun.edu /~dp56722/ctewerap.htm (1183 words)

	20th WCP: Trading Lives: Consequentialism, Deontology, and Inevitable Trade-offs
		This defense of consequentialism may be a tu quoque, but it does challenge nonconsequentialists to adequately justify a multitude of social decisions.
		The criticism which holds "the end justifies the means" philosophy inherent in consequentialism to be a source of great immorality is expressed, for example, in the famous scene from Dostoyevsky's The Brothers Karamazov.
		Norcross's strategy, which he executes very ably in my opinion, is to seize upon an example of a particular trade-off that many of us are comfortable with, specifically that an increase in convenience due to speedier travel may be traded for a predictable increase in highway fatalities.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/OApp/OAppFair.htm (2210 words)

	Deontology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		While deontological moral theories typically hold that certainactions are either forbidden or wrong per se, consequentialist theoriesusually maintain that the rightness or wrongness of an action depends on the consequences of the act and hence on thecircumstances in which it is performed.
		Another way of distinguishing consequentialism and deontology is due to Shelley Kagan, who notes that, underdeontology, individuals are bound by constraints (such as the requirement not to kill) but are also givenoptions (such as the right not to give money to charity, if they do not wish to).
		One expression of the categorical imperative is: "Act so that the maxim[determining motive of the will] may be capable of becoming a universal law for all rational beings." One example of acontemporary deontological moral theory is the contractualism developed by the American philosopher Thomas Scanlon.
	www.therfcc.org /deontology-2484.html (303 words)

	Consequentialism and Deontology
		Consequentialism and deontology are the two dominant theories in contemporary normative ethics.
		For example, where consequentialism might require sacrificing one innocent for the greater good, deontology might forbid such an act on the grounds that it violates the innocent person’s rights, or violates some other moral constraint.
		Consequentialism and its Critics, Samuel Scheffler, editor (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988).
	publish.uwo.ca /~tisaacs/641B00.html (425 words)

	SoloHQ: Forum
		Happiness, the consequential goal in Objectivist ethics, is a measuring instrument (Rand: barometer) of how well one is doing at living the kind of life that is appropriate to one's identity (the ethical standard.) Having appropriate virtues - the component virtues of happiness - is an important part of this goal.
		I've always tended to see utilitarianism as one form of consequentialism, and certainly here in the UK it is by far the most influential form.
		It would be more accurate to say that consequentialism (at least by my interpretation) emphasises practicality over moral principles, whereas deontology traditionally emphasises morality regardless of practical consequences.
	solohq.com /Forum/ObjectivismQ&A/0074.shtml (2919 words)

	Deontology And Bioethics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Deontology is a duty-based ethics, concerned with the inherent...
		Deontology, or duty based ethics: the foundation of ethics is to act...
		deontology because it does not define its principles concretely.
	www.industryspecific.co.uk /deontology_and_bioethics.html (189 words)

	Deontology
		deontology''' is the view that morality either forbids or permits actions, which is done...
		Deontology together with A Table of the Springs of Action and Article on Utilitarianism, ed.
		Deontology Code (HIDEC) in Greece is the main aim of the present paper.
	www.industryspecific.co.uk /deontology.html (283 words)

	Ephilosopher :: Philosophical Ethics Forum :: The monkey does what it must to survive, then relaxes. Shouldn't we do ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		I informed you that you have badly misrepresented deontology and consequentialism, and that you did a good job arguing against these misrepresentations.
		As a side note, your criticisms may possibly render his argument invalid, but the conclusion that this rational-empiricist philosophy is a valid philosophy could still be valid, just not validated by his argument.
		I was operating under the assumption that it was an accepted inherant ethical truth that murder, in general, is wrong at least among the philosophers here who are not operating under ethical principles from outdated ethical theories or playing the role of the skeptic who denies everything simply because he can in some rational sense.
	www.ephilosopher.com /phpBB_14-action-viewtopic-mode-viewtopic-topic-1706-start-15.html (3359 words)

	PEA Soup: Are Deontology, Consequentialism, and Pluralism the only viable theories of ethics? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Contractualism, as a view distinct from deontology and consequentialism, also seems to fall to this objection, since it too is an ethics-by-authority.
		I take that to be a form of consequentialism, insofar as the ultimate right-making property is that the act brings about a good state of affairs (in this egoist version of consequentialism, a good state of affairs for the agent herself).
		So a viable contractualism turns out to be consequentialism, and so contractualism is out of the running, as a viable but distinct theory (which, I take it, is part of what Josh was trying to prove in the first place).
	peasoup.typepad.com /peasoup/2004/07/are_deontology_.html (6467 words)

	Deontology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Proponents argue that this is a more efficacious ethical formula, since, they contend, there are many more ways to do harm than to do good, and the greatest harms are more consequential than the greatest goods.
		Both Bentham's formulation and the philosophy of Epicurus can be considered different types of hedonistic consequentialism, since they judge the rightness of actions from the happiness that they lead to, and they identify happiness with pleasure.
		So, like any utilitarian theory, preference utilitarians claim that the right thing to do is that which produces the best consequences, but defining the best consequences in terms of "preference satisfaction", which may include concepts such as "reputation" rather than pure hedonism.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/D/Deontology.htm (1114 words)

	2002 APS Presidential Address
		If indirect consequentialism is praxeologically incoherent, we cannot accept the indirect-consequentialist solution to the question of why justice has good consequences.
		According to the evolutionary solution, since beings who cooperate with each other tend to be more successful than beings who don't, both biological and cultural evolution will favour those with cooperative dispositions, and so we will tend to find plausible those principles that urge us to behave in cooperative rather than predatory fashion.
		Evolutionary considerations may explain why we approve of X. But on pain of indirect consequentialism, and thus of praxeological incoherence, we cannot regard such considerations as explaining why X is deserving of our approval.
	praxeology.net /whyjust.htm (8922 words)

	Virtue Politics.net » Virtue Politics position paper
		As the first dualistic idol to smash, we reject the facile musings of both deontology and consequentialism.
		Without the moment-to-moment judgment of a living, breathing, intelligent and active human, deontology and consequentialism – indeed, any attempt at a static ethical calculus – are like paper cut-outs of dance steps pasted to a ballroom floor.
		In the political realm, the half-witted calculus of deontology and consequentialism parallels the sad cycling foolishness of socialism and capitalism.
	www.virtue-politics.net /index.php?p=2 (2290 words)

	Rand's Consequentialist Theory of Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		To determine whether Rasmussen and Den Uyl have created a dualism or transcended a false dichotomy, it will be necessary to more carefully define deontology and consequentialism and examine the relationship between the two concepts.
		The main objection I've seen to the claim that the Objectivist ethics is a type of consequentialism is that the terms have been mis-defined.
		However, a deeper understanding of dialectics and of the concepts "deontology" and "consequentialism" suggests that this particular dichotomy is a true one.
	www.freecolorado.com /ari/iphil/oistconsequent.html (3960 words)

	Catallarchy » Blog Archive » Countering Arguments Against Objective Morality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The first bit of confusion arises from placing deontology opposite consequentialism, when there is nothing saying that a moral theory cannot be both.
		A number of physical phenomena have been observed only because a deductive approach predicted the existence of that phenomena, and a fair number of phenomena have shown bad logic in deductive theories.
		The common statement of objective morality - “Man must act morally to achieve man’s highest values” - is itself consequential.
	dev.catallarchy.net /blog/archives/2004/07/28/countering-arguments-against-objective-morality (2163 words)

	313f98sq1
		Be able to apply the various ethical systems: natural law ethics (human nature ethics), deontology, utilitarianism (consequentialism), and virtue ethics to cases on the exam..
		Be able to apply the various ethical principles, namely, autonomy, beneficence, and justice in case analyses.
		When protests were lodged with the Board of Directors, it refused to consider abandoning its stem cell projects, which held out the promise of being very lucrative, and return to its agricultural focus.
	academic.udayton.edu /LawrenceUlrich/313F02sq2.html (955 words)

	313f98sq1
		Be able to explain and apply the various ethical systems: natural law ethics (human nature ethics), deontology, utilitarianism (consequentialism), and virtue ethics.
		Be able to explain the various ethical principles, namely, autonomy, beneficence, and justice and be able to apply them in case analyses.
		As a result, the company enjoys an excellent reputation among its customers and suppliers, employee morale is high, and ethics is a priority at the company.
	academic.udayton.edu /lawrenceulrich/313w03sq1.html (1091 words)

	Travel Guide - Online Reservation - Warsaw Accommodation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The ultimate aim of virtue ethics is eudaimonia, roughly meaning 'flourishing' or 'success.' According to virtue ethicists this is the aim to which all humans endeavour - to lead a good, happy and fulfilling life.
		To achieve eudaimonia one must live by what can be considered virtues such as charity, stoicism, honesty, friendliness, fairness and so forth.
		However, where the Greeks focused on the interior orientation of the soul, Confucianism's definition of virtue emphasizes interpersonal relations.
	www.warsaw-hotel.info /poland-guide/Virtue_ethics (885 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		There are three main camps in normative ethics: deontology, consequentialism, and virtue theory.
		Virtue theorists hold that the character of the person performing the action determines the moral worth of an action.
		To see the difference between deontology and consequentialism, consider the following case.
	wsuonline.weber.edu /course.philo.1010/Lecture6.htm (2376 words)

	Oxford Scholarship Online: Moral Reality
		Virtue theory, deontology, and consequentialism are articulated by the structure of the epistemology.
		Finally, Aristotle's arguments against virtues as skills receive an extended discussion, and responses to them are given.
		Keywords: argument from disagreement, Aristotle, consequentialism, deontology, medicine, moral epistemology, skills, virtue theory
	www.oxfordscholarship.com /oso/public/content/philosophy/0195137132/acprof-0195137132-chapter-3.html (148 words)

	Maverick Philosopher: Consequentialism, Deontology, and Torture
		In the same post Dr. Keith distinguishes between nonabsolute deontology and consequentialism by saying that the former affirms what the latter denies, namely, that torture is intrinsically wrong.
		But if torture is intrinsically wrong, if the very nature of the act makes it wrong, then doesn't it follow that every tokening of this act-type is wrong?
		I'm not understanding the distinction between absolute and nonabsolute deontology: I don't see that there is 'conceptual room' for the latter.
	maverickphilosopher.blogspot.com /2005/01/consequentialism-deontology-and.html (290 words)

	Animal Ethics Clarifier: an encyclopedia of animal ethics - E Enteries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Ethical egoism and Utilitarianism are subsumed under Consequentialism.
		The three major generic ethical perspectives are Deontology, Consequentialism and Virtue Ethics.
		They are different frameworks for thinking about moral dilemmas and for arriving at solutions as to how we should act for the moral good.
	www.wolftrust.org.uk /aec-e-entries.html (1730 words)

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