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Topic: Depleted uranium ammunition

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	Depleted uranium - Encyclopedia of Earth
		Depleted uranium has peaceful applications, such as counterweights in aircraft, missiles and racing sailboat keels and as a material used in hospitals for shielding x-rays or gamma radiation from equipment used for radiation therapy.
		Depleted uranium is used in armor-piercing ammunition because it has a high density (1.7 times that of lead), and is also used for military armor to reduce the effect of other conventional munitions.
		It should be noted that the nuclear properties of depleted uranium are such that the occurrence of a nuclear criticality (i.e., a nuclear chain reaction) is not a concern, regardless of the amount of depleted uranium present.
	www.eoearth.org /article/Depleted_uranium (2530 words)

	Depleted Uranium and the Gulf War Syndrome - Covertaction.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Their increasing number is attributed to the radioactivity and toxicity of depleted uranium (DU) ammunition used by the Allied forces during the war and abandoned afterwards.
		As only uranium 235 is suitable as fissile material for use in nuclear power plants, the uranium ore has to be enriched by artificially increasing the proportion of this isotope.
		In order to reduce these high costs, depleted uranium of the isotope 238 is passed on to interested parties, sometimes even free of charge.
	www.covertaction.org /content/view/49/75 (1618 words)

	Possible Impacts of Depleted Uranium (DU) Ammunition on Health and Environment
		Uranium input through inhalation is minor concerning general population, but those living close to electric power plants are exposed to uranium deposited from dross and ashes, that may contain more than 100 mBq/kg.
		Uranium belongs to the 2nd group of toxic elements; it is highly reactive and easily forms oxide compounds.
		Still, the fact was that the environment would be burdened with the new amounts of uranium and its daughters due to the use of DU ammunition, and that included deposition and accumulation of these elements in human population (2).
	members.tripod.com /danubedita/library/uranium_impacts.htm (2392 words)

	AMMUNITION PRODUCED FROM DEPLETED URANIUM
		In this paper mechanical, physical and chemical characteristics of this ammunition as well as the results of domestic and spectrometric measurements and dose and affects estimate are given.
		According to our regulations and the International standards, uranium belongs to the group of toxic elements and is classified in the II group of radionucleids of very high radio toxicity.
		This type of ammunition presents, besides other things, a form of radioactive arms whose use cannot be justified with anything and its application is in essence a crime against humanity and the international law.
	www.emperors-clothes.com /news/vincha.htm (1408 words)

	Combat and Accidents
		However, depleted uranium penetrators were capable of piercing DU armor, as demonstrated by several friendly fire incidents involving Abrams M1A1 tanks.
		When a depleted uranium penetrator impacts armor, 18 - 70% of the penetrator rod will burn and oxidize into dust usually of dull fl color [18], [72], though it may also appear flish-gold or flish-green [35].
		Approximately 25% of the inhaled DU is exhaled and the remaining 50% is subsequently swallowed [13].
	www.ratical.org /radiation/vzajic/6thchapter.html (2138 words)

	Depleted Uranium
		Depleted uranium is a chemically toxic heavy metal that emits low-level alpha radiation.
		It is used in armor-piercing ammunition because it is extremely dense and pyrophoric, which enables it to punch and burn its way through hard targets such as tanks.
		Pentagon spokesmen asserted that the amounts of plutonium in the ammunition are extremely low, but they have failed to publicly disclose the levels of plutonium in ammunition shot in Kosovo, Bosnia, Iraq and Kuwait and on training ranges in Japan, Germany, Puerto Rico and the United States.
	www.gulfwarvets.com /du9.htm (1021 words)

	Depleted Uranium
		Uranium 236 is not present in the natural world and should not be present in "clean" depleted uranium.
		Depleted uranium weapons, which release a mildly radioactive dust on impact, were used by NATO during the 1999 bombing of the region.
		Depleted uranium is used in ammunition to penetrate armor or thick concrete.
	www.sjcite.info /du.html (15660 words)

	Depleted Uranium: Unsafe for Friend and Foe? JOHN T. EBERTH / The Times Herald 31jan03
		"Depleted uranium is without a doubt an exceptional weapon," he said.
		According to the Pentagon, the ammunition is safe in its solid state.
		The ammunition is used in rapid-fire cannons mounted on jets, such as the A-10 Warthog, helicopters and armored vehicles.
	www.mindfully.org /Nucs/2003/Depleted-Uranium-Rokke31jan03.htm (838 words)

	Current Issues - Depleted Uranium Weapons
		On March 6, 2004, a symposium examining the politics, the policy, and the science of depleted uranium was held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
		Recent advances in tank ammunition have also led to the development of a new generation of rounds that will no longer be dependent on depleted uranium to achieve the same level of penetration against modern armour.
		Children of British soldiers who fought in wars in which depleted uranium ammunition was used are at greater risk of suffering genetic diseases passed on by their fathers, new research reveals.
	www.wise-uranium.org /diss.html (3890 words)

	GULF WAR SYNDROME BIRTH DEFECTS IN IRAQ CHILDREN BABIES EXTREME BIRTH DEFORMITIES DEPLETED URANIUM AMMUNITION
		"Aerosol DU (Depleted Uranium) exposures to soldiers on the battlefield could be significant with potential radiological and toxicological effects.
		DU ammunition is now possessed by more than 12 countries, and was used during the NATO led bombing of the former Yugoslavia.
		The speculation is that the child had played with DU ammunition casings.
	www.xs4all.nl /~stgvisie/VISIE/extremedeformities.html (1481 words)

	WHO \| Depleted Uranium
		The uranium remaining after removal of the enriched fraction is referred to as depleted uranium (DU).
		WHO Guidance on Exposure to Depleted Uranium published in 2001 provides further information on the medical treatment of potential excessive DU exposure and advice for programme administrators sending personnel to DU contaminated areas.
		Information on Depleted Uranium and its effects on health are given in a monograph published by WHO in 2001.
	www.who.int /ionizing_radiation/env/du/en (225 words)

	Depleted Uranium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Depleted uranium (DU) is a toxic and radioactive byproduct of the enrichment of naturally-occurring uranium for use in nuclear weapons and nuclear reactors.
		Millions of pound of depleted uranium hexafluoride are stored at Portsmouth and DOE's two other enrichment facilities in Paducah, KY, and Oak Ridge, TN.
		is the byproduct of the enrichment of uranium for use in nuclear weapons and nuclear power plants, and is the raw material from which DU weapons are produced.
	www.miltoxproj.org /depleted_uranium.htm (1323 words)

	Warning of Toxic Aftermath from Uranium Munitions
		Called to active duty in 1990, Rokke said, he was assigned to develop procedures for cleaning up uranium contamination after "they decided to use depleted uranium munitions" in the war to expel Iraq from Kuwait.
		Uranium munitions were also used during the recent war in Iraq, he added.
		Recalling a wounded friend who suffered tumors where uranium shrapnel had been left in his body, he said the authorities found "no compelling evidence" of a connection and refused to authorize removal of the shrapnel or special treatment.
	www.commondreams.org /headlines03/0722-03.htm (837 words)

	Ammunition Produced from Depleted Uranium -
		During the bombing of military and civilian targets in the Serbian Republic, NATO forces have used special ammunition produced from depleted uranium.
		Visual evaluation, measuring and studying of characteristic sizes and characteristics established it to be ammunition of 30mm caliber, API PGU -- 14/B propelled from the seven-barreled cannon GAU 8/A type GELTING, with which aircraft A-10, stationed at aircraft carriers, are armed.
		During bombing of inhabited places in the Serbian Republic, NATO forces have used special ammunition of 30mm caliber, made out of the depleted uranium.
	nucnews.net /2000/du/98du/981221du.htm (1346 words)

	Depleted Uranium
		The use of depleted uranium (D.U.)—more properly nuclear waste—and other substances in Iraq and Afghanistan cannot be ruled out as a cause of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reported by U.S., Coalition, and NATO veterans.
		Military use of depleted uranium, a byproduct of enriching natural uranium for munitions or nuclear power, has been a point of contention since its first widespread use in the first Gulf War, in which 320 tons were used.
		The United Nations classifies depleted-uranium ammunition as an illegal weapons of mass destruction because of their long-term impacts on the land over which they explode and the long-term health problems they cause when people are exposed to them.
	www.gulfwarvets.com /du.htm (1178 words)

	Depleted Uranium
		Depleted uranium (DU), tons of it, is one of the gifts that NATO left to the population of Kosovo following its war there in 1999.
		When a depleted uranium tipped shell strikes a tank or armored personnel carrier it easily penetrates the armor and burns the crew alive.
		Depleted uranium has a half-life of more than 4 billion years, approximately the age of the Earth.
	www.serendipity.li /nato/du.htm (1258 words)

	Depleted Uranium
		Depleted uranium results from the enriching of natural uranium for use in nuclear reactors.
		Natural uranium is a slightly radioactive metal that is present in most rocks and soils as well as in many rivers and sea water.
		DEPLETED URANIUM A Review of the Scientific Literature As It Pertains to Gulf War Illnesses April 1999 --RAND Health's Center for Military Health Policy Research and the Forces and Resources Policy Center of the National Defense Research Institute, sponsored by the Office of the Special Assistant
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/sys/land/du.htm (475 words)

	CNN.com - U.N. plays down ammunition risk - January 12, 2001
		The body concluded it was "unlikely" that exposure to NATO weapons containing depleted uranium could have led to a higher risk of cancer among military personnel who served in the Balkan conflicts.
		While playing down the likelihood of DU ammunition posing a serious cancer risk, WHO did recommend measures be taken to put areas strewn with the spent ammunition off limits.
		Iraq has blamed western munitions containing depleted uranium used during the 1991 Gulf War for thousands of cancer deaths and deformed births.
	edition.cnn.com /2001/WORLD/europe/01/12/balkans.uranium (559 words)

	Children of War - The Hidden Killer
		And the United States is using depleted uranium ammunition again in the current war with Iraq.
		Rokke believes depleted uranium poses a particular danger for children because their young bodies are more vulnerable.
		They are taking steps now to clean up the depleted uranium and protect their children.
	www.warchildren.org /hidden_killer.html (1299 words)

	Does the United States still use depleted uranium ammunition?
		Depleted uranium (DU) shells were also used in Kosovo and Bosnia.
		Uranium is a metal and is about 1.7 times as dense as lead.
		GAU-30 in the A-10 and the 30MM Hughs chain gun in the chin turret of the Apache 'copter and the 25 MM on the Bradly and maybe in the discarding sabot rounds on the M1 Abrams...
	www.answerbag.com /q_view/34804 (982 words)

	Uranium Medical Research Centre
		UMRC is conducting a uranium bioassay and clincal studies program for veterans of US Operation Iraqi Freedom, UK Operation TELIC, and AU Operation Falconer; as well as, civilian residents and NGO staff.
		After the 1991 Persian Gulf War, he provided physics support on airborne uranium particles from depleted uranium munitions to TV, radio and print journalists, to Congress, and to environmentalists and researchers who were investigating the spread and health risks of these radioactive particles.
		The UMRC is presenting results from uranium analysis of civilians of Baghdad and Al Basra following Operation Iraqi Freedom to the Radiological Society of North America.
	www.umrc.net (680 words)

	Depleted Uranium Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The use of depleted uranium in munitions and weaponry is likely to come under intense scrutiny now that new research that found that uranium can bind to human DNA.
		The use of Depleted Uranium (DU) armor piercing shells by U.S. forces in the 1991 Gulf War was uncovered by the German professor, Dr. Siegwart-Horst Gunther.
		An international scientific symposium on the use of Depleted Uranium and its impact on man and environment in Iraq was held in Baghdad between December 2-3, 1998.
	www.thepowerhour.com /links/du.htm (1826 words)

	WISE Uranium Project - Depleted Uranium
		Depleted Uranium: a by-product of the nuclear chain
		Uranium Pollution from the Amsterdam 1992 Plane Crash (Henk v.d.Keur 1999)
		Depleted Uranium weapons: Lessons from the 1991 Gulf War (Dan Fahey 1999)
	www.wise-uranium.org /indexd.html (191 words)

	NATO uses Depleted Uranium ammunition in Yugoslavia
		The public at large, both in UK and in Yugoslavia, are unaware that 30 mm bullets being fired by A-10 anti-tank aircraft and probably all Tomahawk Cruise missiles in this action contain depleted uranium (DU).
		The development of these radioactive weapons is based on the fact that uranium (atomic mass 238) is much denser than lead (atomic mass 207), and therefore its kinetic energy is sufficient to penetrate tank armour or concrete buildings more effectively than lead, prior to detonation.
		When DU bombs detonate, uranium oxide is formed in particulates of between 0.5 and 5 microns.
	members.tripod.com /CodeMage/du.htm (644 words)

	Depleted uranium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Depleted uranium is very dense; at 19050 kg/m³, it is almost 70% denser than lead.
		The chemical toxicity of uranium salts is greater than their radiological toxicity.
		Urine assay for uranium inhalation exposure can be useful, provided that measurements are made soon after a known acute intake.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Depleted_uranium_ammunition (4224 words)

	BBC NEWS \| In Depth \| Depleted uranium
		A WHO delegation is to visit Iraq to study the possible health effects of depleted uranium shells fired during the 1991 Gulf War.
		As concern grows over the effects on soldiers of depleted uranium (DU) ammunition BBC News Online considers the military uses of DU.
		Israel says it is not using depleted uranium weapons, contradicting Palestinian claims.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/in_depth/europe/2001/depleted_uranium/default.stm (77 words)

	DUBROOM: Articles - EXTREME BIRTH DEFORMITIES FROM DEPLETED URANIUM AMMUNITION
		LOG IN This article was put on the Internet with the request to copy it and distribute it.
		In an act of stark cruelty, the US dominated Sanctions Committee refuses to permit Iraq to import the clean-up equipment that they desperately need to decontaminate their country of the Depleted Uranium ammunition that the US fired at them.
		Yet the US was well aware of the potential effects on civilians and military personnel of the chemical toxicity and radiological properties of DU ammunition long before the Gulf war began, as the following excerpts of a US Army document categorically state:
	www.dubroom.org /articles/0007.htm (1342 words)

	US Forces' Use of Depleted Uranium Weapons is 'Illegal'
		BRITISH and American coalition forces are using depleted uranium (DU) shells in the war against Iraq and deliberately flouting a United Nations resolution which classifies the munitions as illegal weapons of mass destruction.
		And the Military Toxics Project has a campaign against depleted uranium weapons.
		Professor Doug Rokke, ex-director of the Pentagon's depleted uranium project -- a former professor of environmental science at Jacksonville University and onetime US army colonel who was tasked by the US department of defense with the post-first Gulf war depleted uranium desert clean-up -- said use of DU was a 'war crime'.
	www.commondreams.org /headlines03/0330-02.htm (859 words)

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