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Topic: Depressive position

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	Melanie Klein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Examining ultra-aggressive fantasies of hate, envy, and greed in very young, very ill children, Melanie Klein put forth the interpretation that the human psyche is in a constant oscillation depending on whether Eros or Thanatos is in the fore.
		She calls the state of the psyche, when the sustaining principle of life is in domination, the depressive position.
		The psychological state corresponding to the disintegrating tendency of life she gives the name the paranoid-schizoid position.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Melanie_Klein (568 words)

	MKT:Developments in Kleinian Thought: Overview and Personal View Elizabeth Bott Spillius, 1994
		She thinks that in infancy the paranoid-schizoid position comes first and is then followed by the depressive position, but she uses the word 'position' rather than phase to emphasise that throughout childhood and indeed also in later life there is fluctuation between the two positions (1952b).
		In Klein's view of the depressive position the good and the bad mother are seen to be the same person; the infant begins to feel that the good mother he loves has been damaged by the attacks he has made and continues to make on the bad mother, for they are one and the same.
		In the depressive position, where there is greater awareness of differentiation and separateness between ego and object and recognition of ambivalence towards the object, the symbol, a creation of the ego, is recognised as separate from the object.
	www.melanie-klein-trust.org.uk /ejb2003.htm (13394 words)

	Fairbairn’s Theory of Depression
		Accordingly, since the depressive reaction has its roots in the late oral phase, it is the disposal of his hate, rather than the disposal of his love, that constitutes the great difficulty of the depressive individual.
		This schizoid position, representing as it did the fundamental pathological outcome of the unavoidable ego splitting that was engendered by intolerably bad experience of the infant with its absolutely important attachments, became the cornerstone of his entire theory of development and of endopsychic structure, as well as of his theory of psychopathology.
		Depression on this level was precisely understood by him as being a technique for preserving the inner endopsychic situation and insulating the individual against having to deal more directly with its shortcomings.
	www.columbia.edu /~rr322/Depressn.html (5740 words)

	BFF
		Psychoanalysis sees this aspect of depression as a form of infantile regression in which the individual clings on to a womb-like state of merger with the mother, one in which subject and object, self and other were not yet clearly differentiated in the infant’s experience.
		Reaching the depressive position, in which we are in contact with our core selves, marks the transition between the depressive process and the metaphorical process, between somatic experience and spiritual-metaphorical insight.
		The depressive process is a process of deep inner change, for reaching the depressive position always brings about a modification of our relationship to someone or something on a deep inner level.
	www.meaningofdepression.com /BFF.htm (11748 words)

	INTRODUCTION TO THE PSYCHOANALYTIC PLAY TECHNIQUE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Infantile depressive feelings begin when, in the second quarter of the first year of life, the child has achieved sufficient integration of aspects of his/her internal world to recognise that the object which has been hated and attacked is the same complete person that is also loved and needed.
		The straightforward, or positive, oedipal situation for the little boy is that the father is perceived as the rival of the boy's desire for possession of the mother.
		The position is complicated further by the simultaneous existence in both sexes of libidinal desires towards the parent of the same sex,- the so-called 'negative' or inverted oedipus complex.
	www.psychematters.com /papers/mawson.htm (8367 words)

	In the Beginning was the Word ~ The Fate of All Mankind
		The depressive position (as "depressing" as it sounds!) is the goal in Kleinian Theory.
		It is at the opposite pole from the paranoid-schizoid position.
		This is the position in which the child begins to recognize that what is split into good and bad are actually one and the same thing.
	www.songsouponsea.com /Promenade/Court2G.html (1194 words)

	[No title]
		Depressive moods are a natural doorway into the depressive process, allowing us to feel and follow our feelings in a bodily way without having to verbalise them.
		Depressive anxiety is anxiety felt at the threshold of the depressive process, expressing fear of this process.
		Depressive symptoms can be a doorway into the depressive mood and the depressive process or turn into chronic or acute depressive states.
	www.meaningofdepression.com /Depsite.ppt (745 words)

	The Paranoid-Schizoid and Depressive Positions in the Psychogenesis of the Self (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		With her theory of the paranoid-schizoid and depressive positions, Klein offers a creative, innovative, and compelling understanding of the psychological birth of the infant, which is based on sound clinical observations and given life by her valiant efforts to speak the unspeakable, thus giving language to preverbal experience.
		Ogden's conception of the paranoid-schizoid and depressive positions is both theoretically and ontologically sophisticated, and, most importantly, he brings to the foreground Klein's contribution, particularly with her description of projective identification, to a radical reconceptualization of intersubjectivity.
		With Klein's conception of the emergence of the depressive position, she already implies that the child of the paranoid-schizoid position is a lack which requires differentiation from self and other in order to achieve the capacity for empathy with the experience of whole-objects.
	www.mythosandlogos.com /objectrelations.html (11665 words)

	Neil Maizels: Working Through, Or Beyond The Depressive Position? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It is proposed that this spiritual position has achievements, such as a capacity for "meta feeling", and defences, which are somewhat different, although related to the mourning and reparation of the working through of the depressive position.
		Depressive loss is only borne and transcended with the acceptance of (perhaps even re-joicing in) the metamorphic spirit of Life - where re-generation is never exactly the same as the "old" which has run its course and been lost in its tomb of absolute uniqueness.
		Whereas the working through of the depressive position (reparative position) enables the richness and poignancy of an "adagio" in the heart of the mind's music, in the spiritual position the self is heartened to feel this as yet only a "movement" in a whole symphony.
	www.psychematters.com /papers/maizels.htm (11173 words)

	Chapter 2: Essentials of Kleinian Theory
		According to Klein, the depressive position is reached when the infant realises that his or her love and hate are directed to the same object, the mother and her body.
		In this paper, she posits that the first object experienced as manifesting creativity is the feeding breast, and she also describes the detrimental effect of excessive envy on creativity.
		Although this phase is developmentally prior to the depressive position, Klein did not fully elaborate it until 1946, eleven years after her formulation of the depressive position.
	human-nature.com /free-associations/glover/chap2.html (13428 words)

	James S. Grotstein's Paper
		Originally, her concept of the depressive position included the development of a persecutory superego which made the infant feel depressed because of the burden of feelings consequent to its phantasied and real attacks on the breast-mother.
		She originally had spoken of the depressive position as the seat of clinical depressive illness which had to be overcome in order for the person to become well.
		Thus I believe that another position, which I call the transcendent position, is required to accomodate the conception of transformations and evolutions in "O." Whereas the paranoid-schizoid position prepares for the ability to know K, and the depressive position allows for the actual knowing of K, K is always the object to be known.
	www.sicap.it /~merciai/bion/papers/grots.htm (6971 words)

	PsyArt: An Online Journal for the Psychological Study of the Arts.
		But as the infant begins to move in the direction of the depressive position, the sadistic and attacking impulses and feelings of omnipotent triumph over the "bad" objects come to be complicated by growing sadness at the loss of what are increasingly also recognized as the "good" parents who have been injured in these attacks.
		In the more primitive, paranoid-schizoid position, psychotic confusion, in which good and bad are insufficiently distinguished and good turns into bad and vice versa, is transcended through splitting of self and object images into all-good and all-bad part-objects respectively (a split or schizoid state of affairs).
		Depressive anxiety arises that one's hatred toward what one previously saw as an all-bad object (or self) may have done irrevocable damage to what one now realizes is also the good object (or self).
	www.clas.ufl.edu /ipsa/journal/1999_carveth03.shtml (3264 words)

	Depression Issues - Postpartum Depression Impacts Infant Care
		It found that about 44 percent of mothers with postpartum depressive symptoms were likely to be breast-feeding at two to four months after the birth of their baby, compared with nearly 57 percent of mothers without depressive symptoms.
		At the same point in time, 22.4 percent of mothers with depressive symptoms were likely to show their newborns books, compared with 28.2 percent of mothers without symptoms of depression.
		However, depressive symptoms did not seem to affect a mother's baby-related safety practices, such as placing the infant in the correct sleeping position or lowering the temperature of the home water heater.
	www.depressionissues.com /ms/news/531399/main.html (508 words)

	The Polycentric Self in Objects Relations Theory
		The paranoid-schizoid position is said to be the original way which the new-born relates to his or her internalized and external world.
		One of the most glaring disagreements that Fairbairn has with Klein's thoughts is the notion that the depressive position is 'superior' to the schizoid.26 In Fairbairn's opinion the ego by nature is split and thus conforms to the schizoid position.27 That is, he thinks that everybody possesses, to some degree, schizoid characteristics.
		It is at four months, however, that the depressive position supersedes the paranoid-schizoid and ushers in the possibility of a different and far more ego syntonic morality based upon depressive guilt, as opposed to a paranoid delusion.
	www.religiousworlds.com /fondarosa/polypap.html (10950 words)

	Diversity, Group Relations and the Denigrated Other By Zachary Green
		Bion's (1977) assertion of the moving from a paranoid position to a depressive position or reowning noxious mental contents that have been evacuated into the other - entails the experience of catastrophic change that is invariably resisted by the prevailing establishment.
		Thus a group can use the same myth as the content for a paranoid schizoid position that fosters competitive aggression with an enemy or as the content of a depressive position which underscores a universal truth about growth through suffering, each interpretation exerting a very different impact on the relations with other groups.
		Melanie Klein (1959) developed the notion that the paranoid schizoid and depressive positions were not simply developmental steps to be mastered in childhood but were also models of experience that fluctuate throughout adult life.
	www.academy.umd.edu /publications/leadership_groups/zgreen_diversity.htm (4445 words)

	Encyclopedia of Children's Health: Infancy through Adolescence - B
		Breath holding spells are episodes of brief, involuntary cessations of breathing that occur in children in response to stimuli such as anger, frustration, fear, or injury.
		Breech birth is the delivery of a fetus (unborn baby) in a bottom- or foot-first position.
		Between 3 to 4 percent of fetuses start labor in the breech position, which is a potentially dangerous situation.
	www.healthofchildren.com /B/index.html (991 words)

	IJPA - Letter to the Editors
		When Bott says he wants to 'to point out how the myths of that [Christian] belief system can be understood as an attempt to struggle with the difficulties of the depressive position', I think he wants to introduce a more familiar and less disturbing perception.
		His suggestion that my concept of hardened myth is 'a particular group use of a myth' is likewise an invitation to return to this perception.
		If we follow Bion's alternating Ps < - > D and equate Ps and D with these two positions, then movement from the depressive position to the paranoid-schizoid position, as well as the other way round, is to be seen as part of a normal process of development.
	www.ijpa.org /letter3apr02.htm (1100 words)

	BÄRSCH, Hans Georg (1983), 140 Jahre Verhaltensleitsätze bei Krupp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Whereas psychotic anxieties are the predominant dynamic and expression of the paranoid-schizoid position worked through and integrated with feelings which are characteristic of the depressive position, in the usual course of the development of the infant, the notion of the ´pathological organization´ refers to the lack or inability of mature integration and development.
		These psychotic anxieties, the predominant dynamic and the expression of what Klein (and the theory of object relations) calls the paranoid-schizoid position are, in the normal course of the development of an infant, worked through and integrated with love, care, guilt, responsibility, and the desire for reparation, characteristic of the depressive position.
		O´Shaughnessy (1981), for example, with her concept of the defensive organization, emphasizes the pathological fixation to be observed among children who, because of a weak ego and the experience of extreme persecution anxieties, fail to enter the depressive position; their ego-development stagnates in the defensive mechanisms typical of the paranoid-schizoid position.
	www.sba.oakland.edu /ispso/html/1998Sievers.htm (7272 words)

	The Centre for Psychoanalytic Studies at the University of Essex, UK
		When the depressive position is solved, love and deep relationships with others can be established.
		Generally speaking, solving depressive position is based on formal responsibility –attribution and containment of blame in the child-parent relationship.
		The main idea of my research is to propose an alternative way of solving the depressive position, that is, by replacing the formal responsibility in the process of therapy, with substantive one.
	www.essex.ac.uk /centres/psycho/research/phd_topics/Cieplinski.htm (701 words)

	NMHA Jumplist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Headstart's 7th National Research Conference The goals of the conference are to identify and disseminate research relevant to young children (0-8 years) and their families and to foster partnerships among researchers, practitioners, and policy makers.
		Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance (DBSA) Educates patients, families, professionals, and the public concerning the nature of depressive and manic-depressive illnesses as treatable medical diseases.
		Depression Experience Journal is a collection of stories, pictures, and personal experiences from families about what it has been like to live with child and adolescent depression.
	www.nmha.org /jumplist/index.cfm (2663 words)

	Truth and Reconciliation in the Analytic Moment, by Maureen Franey, Ph.D.: fort da Fall 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This paper examines what I am calling the Ñfrozen momentsâ that patients bring into analysis, which catapult the analytic couple into the paranoid/schizoid position (the heart of the trauma), and the prerequisites that must be in place within the analyst in order for Ñapologyâ to be used as a transitional phenomenon into the depressive position.
		Straker is talking about moving a society from the paranoid/schizoid position to the depressive position and likens the concept of the TRC to a tool that could generate this movement.
		This transition is the same in psychoanalysis when moving from the paranoid/schizoid position to the depressive position.
	www.fortda.org /fall_02/page6.htm (7213 words)

	[No title]
		With the paranoid-schizoid position, the world is split in two - the good and the bad objects; the bad objects being excluded, denied, destroyed, or projected outside; the depressive position, which Steuerman favors, is an attempt to apprehend the object more as a whole, good and bad.
		In spite of its name, the depressive position is actually the position where we are freer from our more destructive aspects, it is the recognition of the others that form our world, of how dependent I am, for my own happiness, on the endurance and existence of others.
		>the depressive position is actually the position where we are freer from our more destructive aspects, it is the recognition of the others that form our world, of how dependent I am, for my own happiness, on the endurance and existence of others.
	lists.ccil.org /pipermail/pomo/2001-May.txt (3408 words)

	The Melanie Klein Trust: Book Review
		In order to attune your thinking apparatus, it is necessary to go from the paranoid-schizoid position to the depressive position and to relinquish and mourn for your previously established beliefs.
		In Before and after the depressive position, Kuhn’s concepts of scientific new paradigm and post-paradigm states are in the background.
		This requires mourning and depressive relinquishment of previously established beliefs (like the early Oedipus complex itself) and later on all other beliefs that have to be tested in the inner as well as the external world.
	www.melanie-klein-trust.org.uk /britton1.htm (3898 words)

	Anxiety & the New Order
		At the other end of the spectrum is what she called the depressive position, reflecting the mode in which we can experience ourselves and others as fully integrated people.
		The paranoid-schizoid position is unwilling to tolerate this kind of stance, since when operating from this psychological position troubling feelings and attitudes must be projected elsewhere, perceptions become calcified and concretely adhered, and ideas that threaten to disconfirm this rigidly split apart world view must be defeated.
		One often encounters a sense of disorientation and depression in settings that are undergoing a seemingly endless chain of reorganization, merger, layoff, re-engineering, etc. People often seem to defend against the emotional effects of change and loss with frenetic activity.
	www.triadllc.com /pubanxiety.html (8685 words)

	Amazon.com: Schizoid anxiety: A reappraisal of the manic defense and the depressive position : An article from: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Rather than strictly a manifestation of depressive guilt, if is also a defense against the fear of destroying the object and subsequently the self.
		Rather than strictly a manifestation of depressive guilt, it is also a defense against the fear of destroying the object and subsequently the self Therefore, Melanie Klein's depressive position is a hierarchical outgrowth of more primitive schizoid anxieties about killing off the ideal part object.
		This is contrasted with the depressive guilt of...
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B000BCQ5QK?v=glance (365 words)

	Psyche: Slouching Towards Bethlehem
		This paper, therefore, offers and explicates the following hypotheses linking leadership capacity to depressive position resolutions on the one hand, and its role in maintaining the moral order by working to hold the center, on the other.
		Hypothesis: The achievement of enlightened values, and hence enlightened leadership, depends on the depth and stability of depressive position resolutions, and the capacity to maintain them under conditions of emotional duress (see, for example, Adorno, et.
		Subsidiary Hypothesis 1.: With respect to leadership, the greater the regression from depressive position states of mind, the greater the departure from moral behavior.
	www.psyche.com /psyche/mt/archives/000053.html (783 words)

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