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Degradation of Hepatic Stearyl CoA Delta 9-Desaturase -- Ozols 8 (11): 2281 -- Molecular Biology of the Cell Identification of desaturase in liver microsomes from rats that have undergone dietary alteration. of inhibition of microsomal desaturase degradation by leupeptin Microsomal degradation of desaturase is not inhibited by pepstatin or leupeptin. www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/8/11/2281   (5434 words)

Three Microsomal Omega-3 Fatty-acid Desaturase Genes Contribute to Soybean Linolenic Acid Levels -- Bilyeu et al. 43 ... omega-3 fatty-acid desaturase genes in the soybean genome, the Alteration of the omega-3 fatty-acid desaturase gene is associated with reduced linolenic acid in the A5 soybean genotype. Cloning of a temperature-regulated gene encoding a chloroplast omega-3 desaturase from Arabidopsis thaliana. crop.scijournals.org /cgi/content/full/43/5/1833   (3543 words)

Title of Invention: Method for production of petros elinic acid and OMEGA12 hexadecanoic acid in transgenic plants The description of a desaturase as an.omega.9 or an.omega.12 desaturase is not meant to imply anything about the mechanism of action of the desaturase enzyme. Although we did not describe the use of an.omega.9 desaturase gene as a hybridization probe, the high degree of nucleotide sequence homology between the.omega.12 desaturase described here and the known sequences of.omega.9 desaturases indicates that it would be easily accomplished by one skilled in the art. It is also possible that the amino acid and corresponding nucleotide sequence of the.omega.12 acyl-ACP desaturase may be used to engineer a wide range of acyl-ACP desaturases that have the ability to catalyze the insertion of double bonds at a variety of positions in the carbon chain of fatty acids. www.nal.usda.gov /bic/Biotech_Patents/1995patents/05430134.html   (7148 words)

BNL-Swedish Team Takes Step Toward "Designer" Vegetable Oils As part of their study, Shanklin and his colleagues first identified a variety of desaturase enzymes from different plants that are related genetically, but whose desaturases function differently. By changing only five amino acids in one plant's desaturase to the equivalent amino acids from the other plant's desaturase, the properties of the first desaturase were changed to that of the other. Armed with the validated 3-D desaturase structure, they redesigned a desaturase with certain properties in mind - a process known as "rational design." They have applied for patents for this new enzyme, and for the methods they used to switch the properties of two desaturases. www.bnl.gov /bnlweb/pubaf/pr/1997/bnlpr060497a.html   (692 words)

Maize phytoene desaturase and {zeta}-carotene desaturase catalyse a poly-Z desaturation pathway: implications for ... phytoene synthase, and maize Pds encoding phytoene desaturase. Hausmann A, Sandmann G. A single five-step desaturase is involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway to beta-carotene and torulene in Neurospora crassa. Cloning and characterization of a maize cDNA encoding phytoene desaturase, an enzyme of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. jxb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/54/391/2215   (7543 words)

Cloning, Expression, and Nutritional Regulation of the Mammalian Delta -6 Desaturase -- Cho et al. 274 (1): 471 -- ... -6 desaturase is associated with the microsomal membrane fraction (15). -6 desaturase transcript with an approximate size of 3.2 kb was detected in human tissues. Membrane Topology of the Acyl-Lipid Desaturase from Bacillus subtilis www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/274/1/471   (4441 words)

Stearoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein and Unusual Acyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Desaturase Activities Are Differentially Influenced ... of in vitro acyl-ACP desaturase assays and [ desaturases is at a concentration similar to the desaturase enzyme. Shanklin J, Somerville C (1991) Stearoyl-acyl-carrier-protein desaturase from higher plants is structurally unrelated to the animal and fungal homologs. www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/124/2/681   (5688 words)

JIS: Tschinkel 2.12.2002 The regio- and stereo-specificity of desaturases that make a Z/E mixture specifically with a C14 acid is quite unusual, and so we have initiated research on several leafroller species that also produce one or both of these unsaturated C14 acids. The desaturase clone from the pheromone gland was found to produce a mixture of Z/E11-14:Acids, similar to the desaturase characterized from the pheromone gland of the redbanded leafroller moth (Liu et al. Characterization of additional desaturases with similar specificities would be valuable in determining which set of changes are important in effecting a change from Z9 to Z11, or to E11, or to Z/E11, and changing from a substrate specificity of C16/C18 to one of only C14 (Fig. www.insectscience.org /2.26   (2752 words)

Cloning, Expression, and Fatty Acid Regulation of the Human Delta -5 Desaturase -- Cho et al. 274 (52): 37335 -- ... -5 desaturase is a single transcript that is approximately 4.4 kb in size (Fig. desaturase is consistent with the importance that the desaturase -6 desaturase mRNA levels were determined by Northern analysis (30 µg total RNA per lane) as described under "Experimental Procedures." The figure is a Northern blot from a pooled sample of RNA (30 µg total RNA from each of five rats) for each dietary treatment. www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/274/52/37335   (3985 words)

A vertebrate fatty acid desaturase with Delta 5 and Delta 6 activities -- Hastings et al. 98 (25): 14304 -- Proceedings ... A vertebrate fatty acid desaturase with Delta 5 and Delta 6 activities -- Hastings et al. 6 fatty acid desaturases are critical enzymes in the pathways for the biosynthesis of the polyunsaturated fatty acids The zebrafish desaturase cDNA was functionally characterized by determining the fatty acid profiles of transformed S. www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/98/25/14304   (3151 words)

Conjugated linoleic acid depresses the {delta}9 desaturase index and stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase enzyme activity in ... Conjugated linoleic acid depresses the {delta}9 desaturase index and stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase enzyme activity in porcine subcutaneous adipose tissue -- Smith et al. The trans-10,cis-12 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid downregulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase gene expression during growth in adipose tissue from obese and crossbred pigs. jas.fass.org /cgi/content/full/80/8/2110   (3208 words)

A Bacillus subtilis Gene Induced by Cold Shock Encodes a Membrane Phospholipid Desaturase -- Aguilar et al. 180 (8): ... Note that the hydropathy profiles are aligned by the histidine clusters, and thus, the N termini of the desaturases are not coincident. Acyl-lipid desaturases and their importance in the tolerance and acclimation to cold of cyanobacteria. Eight histidine residues are catalytically essential in a membrane-associated iron enzyme, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, and are conserved in alkane hydroxylase and xylene monooxygenase. jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/180/8/2194   (4845 words)

Rat protein: P07308 - Acyl-CoA desaturase 1 (EC ) (Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1) (Fatty acid desaturase 1) ... terminal component of the liver microsomal stearyl-coa desaturase system, that utilizes o(2) and electrons from reduced cytochrome b5 to catalyze the insertion of a double bond into a spectrum of fatty acyl-coa substrates including palmitoyl-coa and stearoyl-coa. Acyl-CoA desaturase 1 (EC 1.14.19.1) (Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1) (Fatty acid desaturase 1) (Delta(9)-desaturase 1). Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1) gene overexpression is associated with genetic predisposition to hepatocarcinogenesis in mice and rats. rat.embl.de /rat/P073/P07308.htm   (966 words)

Evolution of the Integral Membrane Desaturase Gene Family in Moths and Flies -- Knipple et al. 162 (4): 1737 -- Genetics The homology of lepidopteran pheromone desaturases with the Conserved histidine residues that are components of three histidine boxes that are essential for desaturase catalytic activity are shown in boldface type (see also Fig 5 and Fig 6). In this proposed model, desaturase regioselectivity is determined by variable class-specific transmembrane domains and hydrophobic elements that shift the position of the catalytic site, consisting of spatially coordinated iron-binding histidine boxes (H1–H3), relative to the hydrophobic substrate-binding pocket on the cytosolic face of the enzyme. www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/162/4/1737   (6542 words)

Saccharomyces kluyveri FAD3 encodes an {omega}3 fatty acid desaturase -- Oura and Kajiwara 150 (6): 1983 -- Microbiology Biochemical and genetic characterization of the endoplasmic reticulum linoleoyl desaturase. 3 desaturase from cyanobacteria and its use in altering the degree of membrane lipid unsaturation. 12 fatty acid desaturase from arachidonic acid-producing Mortierella fungus by heterologous expression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fungus Aspergillus oryzae. mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/150/6/1983   (3293 words)

CALIFORNIA DAIRY RESEARCH FOUNDATION Neither the amount of fat fed nor the D9 desaturase genotype of the cow affected the CLA content of milkfat. At the mammary gland, this trans fatty acid may be desaturated to CLA by the D9 desaturase enzyme. This research is designed to use transgenic mice as a model to study the effect of expressing a fat synthesis gene in the mammary gland on the fatty acid composition of the resulting milk. www.cdrf.org /content.asp?contentID=99   (3741 words)

4,4'-Diapophytoene Desaturase: Catalytic Properties of an Enzyme from the C30 Carotenoid Pathway of Staphylococcus ... 4,4'-Diapophytoene Desaturase: Catalytic Properties of an Enzyme from the C30 Carotenoid Pathway of Staphylococcus aureus -- Raisig and Sandmann 181 (19): 6184 -- The Journal of Bacteriology A possible dimerization of bacterial (1) and plant-type (4) carotenoid desaturases is under discussion. Carotenoid desaturases from Rhodobacter capsulatus and Neurospora crassa are structurally and functionally conserved and contain domains homologous to flavoprotein disulfide oxidoreductases. jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/181/19/6184   (1170 words)

Untitled Document GO: Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase is involved in mitochondrial inheritance i.e the distribution of mitochondria into daughter cells during mitosis and meiosis, mediated by interactions between the mitochondrion and the cell membrane. Since Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase is located in the Endoplasmic Reticulum, its role in mitochondrial inheritance is easy as the ER is a part of the cytoskeleton that offers mechanical support to the cell during these changes. Also, as the new daughter cells form, Stearoyl-CoA is responsible for increasing the degree of unsaturation in the phoshpholipid bilayer of the cell and mitochondrial membranes. www.bio.davidson.edu /Courses/genomics/2004/Hiremath/new.htm   (1654 words)

A Determinant of Substrate Specificity Predicted from the Acyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Desaturase of Developing Cat's Claw ... To investigate the substrate specificity of the cat's claw acyl-ACP desaturase, the ORF from pDU1 was expressed in E. The amino acid sequences of all of the acyl-ACP desaturases are highly homologous and are colinear over most of their length. of the FAD3 desaturase gene in a mutant of Arabidopsis. www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/117/2/593   (3267 words)

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 deficiency increases insulin signaling and glycogen accumulation in brown adipose tissue -- ... Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 deficiency increases insulin signaling and glycogen accumulation in brown adipose tissue -- Rahman et al. The biosynthesis of hepatic cholesterol esters and triglycerides is impaired in mice with a disruption of the gene for stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1. Targeted disruption of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 gene in mice causes atrophy of sebaceous and meibomian glands and depletion of wax esters in the eyelid. ajpendo.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/288/2/E381   (3615 words)

Insulin and dexamethasone regulate stearoyl-CoA desaturase mRNA levels and fatty acid synthesis in ovine adipose tissue ... Stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase enzyme activity and messenger RNA levels are not different in subcutaneous adipose tissue from Angus and American Wagyu steers. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase mRNA is transcribed from a single gene in the ovine genome. Insulin and dietary fructose induce stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 gene expression in liver of diabetic mice. www.animal-science.org /cgi/content/full/82/1/231   (3688 words)

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE 12-DESATURASE   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10) The first step for the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis is the introduction of the second double bond, i.e. Desaturases are also responsible for responses of plant membranes to environmental changes, i.e. A clone for peanut 12 desaturase (D12) was isolated from a cDNA library using a probe from A. thaliana. www.nal.usda.gov /pgdic/pggrantinfo/1993/9163773.html   (403 words)

Expression and Regulation of {Delta}5-Desaturase, {Delta}6-Desaturase, Stearoyl-Coenzyme A (CoA) Desaturase 1, and ... Expression and Regulation of {Delta}5-Desaturase, {Delta}6-Desaturase, Stearoyl-Coenzyme A (CoA) Desaturase 1, and Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 2 in Rat Testis -- Sæther et al. gene expression of the desaturases, responsible for the PUFA-metabolism, desaturases are present in other somatic cell types of the testis. www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/69/1/117   (4543 words)

PAG-X: FATTY ACID ACYL DESATURASE GENES OF MARINE AND FRESHWATER TELEOSTS In competent species the delta 6 and delta 5 fatty acid desaturases are critical in the biosynthetic pathway that produces Lc-HUFA's arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA). Therefore, the zebrafish gene encodes a bifunctional enzyme having both delta 5 and delta 6 desaturase activity. This is the first report of a functionally characterized desaturase enzyme of fish, and of a fatty acid desaturase with both delta 5 and delta 6 activity. www.intl-pag.org /pag/10/abstracts/PAGX_P771.html   (267 words)

BioMed Central | Full text | Regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 after central and peripheral nerve lesions Ntambi JM: Regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase by polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Velasco A, Tabernero A, Medina JM, Granda B, Medina A, Sanchez-Abarca LI, Lavado E: Role of oleic acid as a neurotrophic factor is supported in vivo by the expression of GAP-43 subsequent to the activation of SREBP-1 and the up-regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase during postnatal development of the brain. Heinemann FS, Ozols J: Degradation of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase: endoproteolytic cleavage by an integral membrane protease. www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2202/5/15   (2784 words)

Cold-Induced Expression of Delta9-Desaturase in Carp by Transcriptional and Posttranslational Mechanisms -- Tiku et al. ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10) Despite the importance of this compensatory response, the enzymes involved have not been clearly identified, and the mechanisms that control their activity are unknown. However, this increase was preceded by the activation of latent desaturase, probably by a posttranslational mechanism. These two mechanisms may act sequentially to match desaturase expression to the demands imposed by a progressive decrease in temperature. www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/abstract/271/5250/815   (854 words)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry P07308 [ACOD1_RAT] Acyl-CoA desaturase 1 Thiede M.A. ols J. Strittmatter P. "Construction and sequence of cDNA for rat liver stearyl coenzyme A desaturase."; Falvella F.S. Pascale R.M. Gariboldi M. Manenti G. De Miglio M.R. Simile M.M. Dragani T.A. Feo F. "Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1) gene overexpression is associated with genetic predisposition to hepatocarcinogenesis in mice and rats."; : Terminal component of the liver microsomal stearyl-CoA desaturase system, that utilizes O(2) and electrons from reduced cytochrome b5 to catalyze the insertion of a double bond into a spectrum of fatty acyl-CoA substrates including palmitoyl-CoA and stearoyl-CoA. www.expasy.org /uniprot/ACOD1_RAT   (393 words)

Le Magazine Special Edition, Winter 2004/2005 - How Sesame Lignans Enhance The Effects Of Gla By blocking the undesirable enzyme (delta-5 desaturase), more DGLA is available for conversion into beneficial prostaglandin E1. Those with high delta-5 desaturase levels convert a lot of their dietary fats into arachidonic acid, while those with low delta-5 desaturase should transform their dietary fat into beneficial prostaglandin E1. Direct in vivo characterization of delta 5 desaturase activity in humans by deuterium labeling: effect of insulin. www.lef.org /magazine/mag2004/dec2004_supp_gla_01.htm   (1045 words)

John Shanklin, BNL Biology Lipids are first synthesized as saturated fatty acids and double bonds are incorporated post-synthetically by enzymes known as fatty acid desaturases. We are performing structure-function analysis on the soluble plant delta9 stearoyl-ACP desaturase using molecular biochemical and crystallographic approaches. Modification of the fatty acid composition of Escherichia coli by coexpression of a plant acyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase and ferredoxin. www.biology.bnl.gov /plantbio/shanklin.html   (1456 words)

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