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Topic: Desensitization

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	Regulation of alpha 4beta 2 Nicotinic Receptor Desensitization by Calcium and Protein Kinase C -- Fenster et al. 55 ...
		Desensitization onset and recovery are described by double exponentials (dashed lines) with time constants (and relative amplitudes) indicated.
		Cachelin AB and Colquhoun D (1989) Desensitization of the acetylcholine receptor of frog end-plates measured in a Vaseline-gap voltage clamp.
		Khiroug L, Sokolova E, Giniatullin R, Afzalov R and Nistri A (1998) Recovery from desensitization of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of rat chromaffin cells is modulated by intracellular calcium through distinct second messengers.
	molpharm.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/55/3/432 (6356 words)

	Dependence of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Recovery from Desensitization on the Duration of Agonist Exposure -- ...
		A response to a 1-s desensitizing pulse of ACh (trace d) is shown on the left followed by responses to test pulses of ACh applied 10 s (trace 1), 40 s (trace 2), 80 s (trace 3), 120 s (trace 4), or 200 s (trace 5) after a desensitizing pulse.
		Recovery pulses were elicited with the same agonist used for induction of desensitization (ordinate, normalized to the peak current produced during the desensitizing pulse) as a function of time interval between desensitizing and test pulses (abscissa, seconds).
		1 except that the agonist used for the desensitizing pulse was different from the agonist used in the test pulses during the recovery phase.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/289/2/656 (3829 words)

	Slow phases of GABAA receptor desensitization: structural determinants and possible relevance for synaptic function -- ...
		During individual synaptic events, fast desensitization is thought to shape the post synaptic current in part by prolonging its duration (a process known as receptor deactivation) by delaying the unbinding of GABA, although in principle all desensitized states share the property of trapping GABA on the receptor (Jones and Westbrook, 1995; Bianchi and Macdonald, 2001a).
		Because the extent of desensitization is determined by the relative occupancy of open and desensitized states, it is possible that differences in open state stability might actually be responsible for the desensitization patterns observed in this study.
		Simulations using this model suggested that although Df is the most relevant desensitized state for brief transients (similar to the model of Jones and Westbrook), in fact the slower desensitized states (Di and Ds) accumulate during repetitive brief GABA pulses, accounting for the progressive loss of current.
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/544/1/3 (8601 words)

	Desensitization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In about 90% of the cases, persons completing desensitization are able to reduce fears or anxieties to normal levels of the fears/anxieties one associated with specific situations They were designed so that one person can administer desensitization to himself.
		The desensitization procedure makes use of the fact that a person=s anxiety response (tensing of muscles, feeling of discomfort, uptightness, etc.,) to the imagined situation resembles his anxiety response to the real situation.
		For the desensitization to be effective it is extremely important that when you imagine the situation described by an item, the image in your mind be as realistic as possible B as if you were actually experiencing the situation.
	front.csulb.edu /tstevens/Desensit.htm (3951 words)

	Functional Stoichiometry of Glutamate Receptor Desensitization -- Bowie and Lange 22 (9): 3392 -- Journal of ...
		In this study we have reexamined AMPA receptor desensitization in comparison with kainate receptors.
		The behavior of individual AMPA and kainate receptor subunits during desensitization is still not resolved fully.
		of onset of desensitization was approximated by single-exponential
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/22/9/3392 (5873 words)

	APStracts 9:0037J, 2002. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Desensitization of heterologously expressed metabotropic glutamate receptor 5a (mGluR5a) was examined in rat sympathetic neurons.
		Desensitization was eliminated when a non-hydrolyzable ATP analog was substituted for ATP in the pipette solution, suggesting that desensitization was mediated by a phosphorylation event.
		Desensitization was sensitive to the non-specific kinase inhibitor, staurosporine, but not H-7, another non- specific kinase inhibitor.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/2002/jn/March/37j.html (270 words)

	Structural Determinants of Fast Desensitization and Desensitization-Deactivation Coupling in GABAA Receptors -- Bianchi ...
		desensitization, deactivation, and their coupling are poorly understood.
		Neither desensitization nor deactivation was altered by this exchange for either subunit.
		the manifestation of desensitization, that is occlusion of the
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/21/4/1127 (4850 words)

	Systematic Desensitization -- Self-administered
		The effectiveness of systematic desensitization does not appear to depend on the intensity of your anxiety, the duration of your anxiety, or on whether the anxiety was acquired suddenly or gradually.
		Some evidence suggests that systematic desensitization may not be as effective in treating anxieties that could have an underlying evolutionary survival component—such as fear of the dark, fear of heights, or fear of dangerous animals—as in treating phobias that have been acquired from personal experience.
		That is, if the last item was successfully desensitized, then you should review it in the next session, and if it was not successfully desensitized, then you should begin with it in the next session.
	www.guidetopsychology.com /sysden.htm (2245 words)

	Desensitization of NMDA Receptor Channels Is Modulated by Glutamate Agonists -- Nahum-Levy et al. 80 (5): 2152 -- ...
		Desensitization of NMDA Receptor Channels Is Modulated by Glutamate Agonists -- Nahum-Levy et al.
		3 for the degree of desensitization are depicted.
		Glycine-insensitive desensitization of NMDA responses in cultured mouse embryonic neurons.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/80/5/2152 (7070 words)

	Desensitization of Mouse Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Channels . A Two-Gate Mechanism -- Auerbach and Akk 112 (2): ...
		The desensitization rate constant for un- and diliganded AChR was estimated by linear extrapolation to unity occupancy.
		This suggests that desensitization is a function of the status of the activation gate rather than the occupancy of the binding sites.
		be the dissociation of agonist because unliganded receptors desensitize.
	www.jgp.org /cgi/content/full/112/2/181 (6975 words)

	p040709a - Bactrim (Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) Desensitization
		From the data in the literature it is concluded that desensitization should be preferred to rechallenge.
		Also, it is important to realize that once a patient is successfully desensitized, medication compliance must be maintained because, theoretically, reexposure to the drug after a lapse in therapy may result in hypersensitivity reactions.
		Finally, a study of sufficient size should be performed to evaluate the efficacy of desensitization regimens and establish specific dosing guidelines.
	www.emory.edu /WHSCL/grady/amreport/litsrch04/p040709a.html (624 words)

	Eye Movement and Desensitization Reprocessing
		This treatment method is hypothesized to facilitate the accessing and processing of traumatic memories and to bring these to an adaptive resolution indicated by desensitization of emotional distress, reformulation of associated cognitions, and relief of accompanying physiological arousal.
		Shapiro (1995, 1999) maintains that EMDR, with its brief exposures to associated material, external/internal focus, and structured therapeutic protocol, is a distinctly different form of therapy, and that it represents a new paradigm in therapy.
		Rothbaum, B. A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disordered sexual assault victims.
	www.fsu.edu /~trauma/a1v5i4.htm (5434 words)

	Enzyme-Potentiated Desensitization
		Enzyme-potentiated desensitization (EPD) is a form of allergy immunotherapy that consists of one preseasonal injection given 6 to 8 weeks before the peak hay fever season for those with seasonal allergies.
		Enzyme-potentiated desensitization (EPD) was first developed in the 1970s as a form of allergy immunotherapy.
		Enzyme potentiated desensitization appears to have no treatment effect on patients with seasonal allergies and is therefore considered investigational for allergy immunotherapy.
	www.regence.com /trgmedpol/medicine/med72.html (791 words)

	Reducing Unwanted Emotions, Desensitization - Psychological Self-Help
		The crux of the desensitization process is continuously (every 10-30 seconds) shifting back and forth between (a) briefly imagining a scary scene and (b) relaxing.
		Do desensitization for 30 minutes to one hour every other day or 1/2 hour every day in a quiet, private place.
		But your anxiety should be reduced by desensitization sufficiently that you can now handle the real situations that previously frightened you away.
	mentalhelp.net /psyhelp/chap12/chap12g.htm (2499 words)

	Activation and Desensitization of the Recombinant P2X1 Receptor at Nanomolar ATP Concentrations -- Rettinger and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		ATP was applied until the desensitization process was completed (10 min at 10 nM ATP; 10 s at 300 nM).
		Electrophysiological consequences of ligand binding to the desensitized 5-HT receptor in mammalian NG108-15 cells.
		A study of the ‘desensitization’ produced by acetylcholine at the motor end-plate.
	www.jgp.org /cgi/content/full/121/5/451 (5556 words)

	Successful oral desensitization to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
		OBJECTIVE: To study the outcome of a modified oral desensitization protocol for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
		CONCLUSIONS: Oral desensitization to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, as per this protocol is safe, in that there were no systemic or cutaneous reactions during desensitization as well as followup.
		As judged by the outcome and ability to tolerate trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole after desensitization, the procedure is successful in all patients in this study.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1997/feb/M9721164.html (541 words)

	Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
		Finally, when evidence came in that therapists were getting similar results to standard EMDR with blind patients whose therapists used tones and hand-snapping instead of finger-wagging, Shapiro softened her stance a bit.
		She admits that eye movement is not essential to eye movement desensitization processing, and claims attacks on her are ad hominem and without merit.
		Emotional processing during eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy of Vietnam veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder.
	www.skepdic.com /emdr.html (2299 words)

	PBRC - desensitization training
		Desensitization or counter-conditioning is a process to help dogs get over their fears and anxieties.
		With proper desensitization, the anxiety producing object loses its power.
		It can take months to desensitize but is well worth it when you reach the end.
	www.pbrc.net /training_cc.html (534 words)

	Helping Your Dog Overcome the Fear of Thunder - Dumb Friends League/Humane Society of Denver (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Behavior Modification: Behavior modification techniques are often successful in reducing fears and phobias.
		The appropriate techniques are called "counter-conditioning" and "desensitization." This means to condition or teach your dog to respond in non-fearful ways to sounds and other stimuli that previously frightened her.
		Begin by exposing her to an intensity level of noise that doesn’t frighten her and pair it with something pleasant, like a treat or a fun game.
	www.ddfl.org /behavior/fear.htm (1479 words)

	desensitization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Movies, such as the one described above, containing graphic and violent scenes are at the root of the desensitization to violent acts among Americans.
		Contemporary movies that contain hyper-real violence increase this desensitization that is infecting the American youth.
		Media and tabloid television are also seen as forms of imagery that celebrate and glorify violence on a large scale.
	it.stlawu.edu /~jwhorr32/Desensitization.html (444 words)

	Acute desensitization of GIRK current in rat atrial myocytes is related to K+ current flow -- Bender et al. 561 (2): ...
		Acute desensitization of GIRK current in rat atrial myocytes is related to K+ current flow -- Bender et al.
		Articles by Bender, K. Articles by Pott, L. Acute desensitization of GIRK current in rat atrial myocytes is related to K
		We have investigated the acute desensitization of acetylcholine-activated
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/abstract/561/2/471 (258 words)

	Allergy desensitization definition - Allergies: allergy symptoms, treatment, and medications by MedicineNet.com
		Allergy desensitization definition - Allergies: allergy symptoms, treatment, and medications by MedicineNet.com
		Allergy desensitization: Stimulation of the immune system with gradually increasing doses of the substances to which a person is allergic, the aim being to modify or stop the allergy "war" (by reducing the strength of the IgE and its effect on the mast cells).
		Please consult your healthcare provider before beginning any course of supplementation or treatment.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=2203 (213 words)

	Dr. P's Dog Training: Science and Dog Training
		Thus, by manipulating events in the dog's world, we can influence how it feels.
		An understanding of this type of conditioning has led to the development of a type of therapy called "systematic desensitization".
		This therapy can be used with a dog that is fearful of loud noises (or other things).
	www.uwsp.edu /psych/dog/LA/DrP1.htm (1310 words)

	Catecholamine secretion in trout chromaffin cells experiencing nicotinic receptor desensitization is maintained by ...
		Catecholamine secretion in trout chromaffin cells experiencing nicotinic receptor desensitization is maintained by non-cholinergic neurotransmission -- McNeill et al.
		An in situ model for chromaffin cell nicotinic
		receptor desensitization was developed by perfusing a posterior cardinal
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/206/23/4247 (299 words)

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