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Topic: Desmond Rebellions

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	October 2006
		Desmond’s forces were composed of his Fitzgerald kinsmen, allied Gaelic Irish clans such as the O’Connors and O’Briens, and one disaffected dependent of Ormonde's, Sir Piers Butler of Cahir.
		Desmond was advised by a local man to attack immediately, on the false information that Ormonde himself was absent; Lord Power, however, urged him to retreat to his house at Curraghmore and consider his position.
		Desmond was taken in captivity to Clonmel and then to Waterford city, where Lord Justice Arnold took custody of him after a legal wrangle with Ormonde.
	www.whitechurch.org /archives/2006/10october2006.htm (1738 words)

	Desmond Rebellions - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		They were rebellions of the Earl of Desmond dynasty—the Fitzgerald family or Geraldines—and their allies against the efforts of the Elizabethan English government to extend their control over the province of Munster.
		The result of the rebellions was the destruction of the Desmond dynasty and the subsequent plantation or colonisation of Munster with English settlers.
		In 1580, the rebellion spread to Leinster, under the leadership of Gaelic Irish chieftain Fiach MacHugh O'Byrne and the Pale lord Viscount Baltinglass—motivated by Catholicism and hostility to the English.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Desmond_Rebellions (1490 words)

	County Desmond - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		County Desmond was an historic county of Ireland on the south-western coast of Ireland.
		Desmond is a Gaelic name originating from "Des-mumhan" which means Southern Munster, and was reflected in other areas - Thomond "Tuadh-mhuman" (Northern Munster), Ormond "Urh-mumhan" (East Munster) and Iarmond "Iarmumhan" (West Munster).
		The peerage ended in 1583 with Gerald Fitzgerald, 15th Earl of Desmond, but was revived again in 1675 as an award to the then Earl of Denbigh.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/County_Desmond (166 words)

	Encyclopedia: Desmond Rebellions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		They were rebellions of the Earl of Desmond dynastyÃ¢ÂÂ”the Fitzgerald family or Geraldines Ã¢ÂÂ”and their allies against the efforts of the Elizabethan English government to extend their control over the province of Munster.
		In 1580, the rebellion spread to Leinster, under the leadership of Gaelic Irish chieftain Fiach MacHugh O'Byrne and the Pale lord Viscount Baltinglass Ã¢ÂÂ”motivated by Catholicism and hostility to the English.
		Desmond was still detained in England, but the Geraldines in Munster had not been crushed either by Sidney or by Gilbert.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Desmond-Rebellions (692 words)

	Encyclopedia article: Gerald Fitzgerald, 15th Earl of Desmond (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Desmond estates were held by a doubtful title, and claims on them were made by the Butlers, the hereditary enemies of the Geraldines, for James Butler, 2nd Earl of Ormonde had married Lady Joan Fitzgerald, daughter and heiress-general of James Fitzgerald, 10th Earl of Desmond.
		Desmond and his brother Sir John of Desmond were sent over to England, where they surrendered their lands to the queen after a short experience of the Tower.
		Desmond asserted that none but Brehon law should be observed between Geraldines; and Fitzmaurice seized Captain George Bourchier, one of Elizabeth's officers in the west.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/ge/gerald_fitzgerald,_15th_earl_of_desmond.htm (1306 words)

	Encyclopedia topic: Desmond Rebellions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Desmond Rebellions occurred in the 1560s (additional info and facts about 1560s), 1570s (additional info and facts about 1570s) and 1580s (additional info and facts about 1580s) in Munster (additional info and facts about Munster) in southern Ireland (An island comprising the republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland).
		They were rebellions of the Earl of Desmond (additional info and facts about Earl of Desmond) dynasty—the Fitzgerald family or Geraldines—and their allies against the efforts of the Elizabethan (A person who lived during the reign of Elizabeth I) English government to extend their control over the province of Munster.
		The rebellions were primarily about the independence of feudal (additional info and facts about feudal) lords from their monarch but also had an element of religious conflict (Roman Catholic (The Christian Church based in the Vatican and presided over by a pope and an episcopal hierarchy) against Protestant (An adherent of Protestantism)).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/d/de/desmond_rebellions.htm (1878 words)

	Rebellion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It may therefore be seen as encompassing a range of behaviors from civil disobedience to a violent organized attempt to destroy established authority.
		For example, the Boxer rebellion was an uprising against Western commercial and political influence in China during the final years of the 19th century, and the Jacobite Risings which attempted to restore the deposed Stuart kings to the thrones of England and Scotland were called the Jacobite Rebellions by the government.
		A violent rebellion is sometimes referred to as an insurgency while a larger one may escalate into a civil war.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rebellion (405 words)

	Earl of Desmond - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The original Earldom of Desmond, based on land holdings in Munster belonged the Anglo-Norman Fitzgerald family, which was founded by Maurice Fitzgerald de Windsor, a key supporter of Strongbow in his invasion of Ireland.
		The title Earl of Desmond was first claimed by Maurice Fitzgerald, 4th Baron Desmond in approximately 1329[1].
		The final Fitzgerald Earl of Desmond was Gerald Fitzgerald, the 15th (or, by some counts, the 16th) Earl.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Earl_of_Desmond (390 words)

	Desmond Rebellions - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		However, Henry Sidney, as Lord Deputy of Ireland, was charged with establishing the authority of the English government over the independent lordships there.
		Thomas Butler, 3rd Earl of Ormonde —who was the Queen's cousin, was pardoned, while both Gerald Fitzgerald, 15th Earl of Desmond —and his brothers, John and James, were arrested and detained in the Tower of London.
		Desmond Rebellions, Causes, The First Desmond Rebellion, The Second Desmond Rebellion, The Aftermath, Sources and See also.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Desmond_Rebellions (1580 words)

	Desmond Rebellions information - Search.com
		They were rebellions of the Earl of Desmond dynasty—the Fitzgerald family or Geraldines—and their allies against the efforts of the Elizabethan English government to extend their control over the province of Munster.
		The result of the rebellions was the destruction of the Desmond dynasty and the subsequent plantation or colonisation of Munster with English settlers.
		In 1580, the rebellion spread to Leinster, under the leadership of Gaelic Irish chieftain Fiach MacHugh O'Byrne and the Pale lord Viscount Baltinglass—motivated by Catholicism and hostility to the English.
	www.search.com /reference/Desmond_Rebellions (1516 words)

	Definition of Elizabeth I of England - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In 1569, Elizabeth faced a major uprising, known as the Northern Rebellion, instigated by Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland and Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland.
		Pope Pius V aided the Catholic Rebellion by excommunicating Elizabeth and declaring her deposed in a Papal Bull.
		In 1580, Pope Gregory XIII sent a force to aid Desmond Rebellions in Ireland, but failed; the rebellion itself was put down by 1583.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Elizabeth_I_of_England (4629 words)

	*This article was published in the Mizen Journal, no
		The McCarthy Mors themselves were the subjects of the Earl of Desmond, the most powerful magnate in Ireland at the time, whose territory extended from Bantry Bay to the outskirts of Waterford City, encompassing the counties of Kerry, Limerick, parts of Tipperary, northern Cork, and much of Waterford.
		In May 1565, the army of Gerald Fitzgerald, the Earl of Desmond, met the forces of Thomas Butler, the Earl of Ormond, in what was to be the last private battle in the British Isles at Affane, near Lismore Castle on the Blackwater River.
		Fitzmaurice was killed not long after he landed, but the rebellion continued, carried on initially by the Earl of Desmond's brothers, James and Sir John, and then by the Earl himself after he was proclaimed a traitor on November 2.
	www.geocities.com /eomahony/Gaelic.htm (12687 words)

	HISTORY OF IRELAND FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Having put down this rebellion, Henry_VIII resolved that pacifying Ireland and bringing it all under English government control was necessary if the island was not to become a base for foreign invasions of England (a concern that was to be repeated for another 400+ years).
		The rebellion was marked by the massacre of Protestant settlers, an event which scarred communal relations in Ireland for centuries afterwards.
		Partly in response to this rebellion, Irish self-government was abolished altogether by the Act of Union on January_1, 1801.
	www.brolgas.com /History_of_Ireland (6178 words)

	Plantations of Ireland
		The Desmond dynasty was annihilated in the aftermath of the Second Desmond Rebellion (1579-83) and their estates were confiscated.
		However, this plan was interrupted by the rebellion of Cahir O’Doherty of Donegal in 1608, a former ally of the English, who felt that he had not been fairly rewarded for his role in the war.
		However, once the rebellion was underway, the resentment of the native Irish in Ulster boiled over into indiscriminate attacks on the settler population in the Irish Rebellion of 1641.
	www.computer-2tr.com /Ireland/links/plantations.html (4558 words)

	Fitzgerald - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		James Fitzthomas Fitzgerald, the Súgan Earl of Desmond (late 16th century).
		Katherine Fitzgerald, the old Countess of Desmond (15th to 17th centuries).
		Desmond FitzGerald (1888-1947), Irish revolutionary, poet and politician.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fitzgerald (443 words)

	East Sussex, England's Cities, Towns, Villages and Settlements
		It is one of the oldest bishoprics, having been founded by Wilfred at Selsey; the seat was removed to Chichester by William I. Among the lay franchises, the most noticeable are those of the Cinque Ports and of the honor of Pevensey, named the honor of the Eagle from the lords of L'Aigle or Aguila.
		In the barons' wars the county was a good centre for the king's forces; Lewes being in the hands of the king's brother-in-law, John de Warenne, earl of Surrey, Pevensey and Hastings in those of his uncle, Peter of Savoy.
		The corrupt and burdensome administration of the county during the 13th and 14th centuries, combined with the constant passage of troops for the French wars and the devastating plagues of the 14th century, were the causes of such rebellions as the Peasants' Revolt of 1381 and Jack Cade's Rebellion in 1450.
	www.hometownengland.com /east_sussex (2309 words)

	The Earls of Desmond
		Family tree - Fitzgerald - The Earls of Desmond
		and the vast estates of the Earls of Desmond were forfeit to the crown.
		Desmond Castle (French Prison), Cork St, Kinsale, Co.Cork.
	humphrysfamilytree.com /Fitzgerald/1st.earl.desmond.html (227 words)

	Follow Me Up to Carlow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Notes: The rebellions of the sixteenth century occurred at a time when English rule in Ireland was still very weak and incomplete, and began not as battles between Irish and English but as civil wars between Irish chieftains.
		Desmond spent some time in a sort of protective custody, but eventually escaped and was briefly frightened from his lethargy.
		Desmond was finally forced into rebellion, and the English forced to send reinforcements, but the rebellion was put down by 1583.
	www.csufresno.edu /folklore/ballads/PGa090.html (379 words)

	Triskelle - Irish History - Nine Years War
		The First Desmond Rebellion started with a dispute between the Butlers of Ormonde, an Old English settles family, and the Fitzgeralds, an Irish family.
		Supported by Spanish and Italian forces James Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald launched the Second Desmond Rebellion, which was a serious threat for England's authority in Munster.
		Carew was sent to the Wicklow mountains to suppress the last spasms of the Second Desmond Rebellion, thereafter he joined Mountjoy and while advancing from the east and south they forced Hugh O'Neill in defence.
	www.vincentpeters.nl /triskelle/history/nineyearswar.php?index=060.047 (1842 words)

	Encyclopedia: Earl of Desmond (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The title of Earl of Desmond has been held historically by lords in Ireland, first as a title outside of the peerage system and later as part of the English-controlled Peerage of Ireland.
		The current holder is Alexander Stephen Rudolph Feilding, 12th Earl of Denbigh, 11th Earl of Desmond.
		One thing was for sure: they were worth the money as almost every English noble that came with their armies to wipe out Irish rebels called upon Ormonde for the support or protection of his armies.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Earl-of-Desmond (1649 words)

	Rebellions of 1837
		The Rebellions of 1837 were armed uprisings that took place in Upper Canada and Lower Canada [Ontario and Quebec] in 1837 and 1838.
		The two rebellions were led by similar men, Papineau and Mackenzie.
		Durham concluded that the main cause of the trouble in Lower Canada was the conflict between English and French.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /PrinterFriendly.cfm?Params=J1ARTJ0006708 (1223 words)

	Triskelle - Irish History - Desmond Rebellions
		The death of Gerald Fitzgerald is commonly considered to be the end of the Second Desmond Rebellion.
		It is estimated that in the seven years following the rebellion one-third of Munster's population died on famine or diseases such as the plague.
		The flood of thousands of soldiers, administrators and settlers pushed the native Irish and Old English settlers to the edge and nine years after the official end of the Desmond Rebellions Ireland was tortured again in the Tyrone Rebellion, or Nine Years War.
	vincentpeters.nl /triskelle/history/desmondrebellion.php?... (836 words)

	Shakespeare's 'Prince Hal' Plays (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Second Desmond Rebellion, also called the Munster rebellion, was a major conflict that threatened the Crown's authority and possessions in Ireland, and required a substantial mobilization of England's military apparatus.
		Nevertheless, the rebellion dragged on, and in December of 1582, on the advice of Sir Walter Raleigh, Elizabeth appointed Thomas Butler, tenth Earl of Ormond, as Governor of Munster, and her commanding general in Ireland.
		Desmond's head was taken to Thomas Cheston, constable of Castlemaine, "who brought it on his sword point to Thomas Butler in Cork" (Sheehan 108).
	www.shakespearefellowship.org /virtualclassroom/jimenezhen5.htm (10456 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Rebellions such as that of Fitzgerald had no connection with religion; it was not until years afterwards when England had become identified with Protestantism and Spain with Catholicism that the Irish became intensely Papal.
		These rebellions were fomented by the Pope, and in the South the rebels were aided by Spanish troops.
		That has been one of the characteristic features of all Irish rebellions; the foreign powers on which they have relied have been liberal enough with promises of aid, but when the time for performance has come they have left the unfortunate Irish to their fate.
	www.electricscotland.com /etexts/13157.txt (16833 words)

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