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Topic: Desmosome

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	DSP - desmoplakin
		Desmosomes (spots reactive with desmoplakin antibodies) were present at the lateral membranes of the amnion epithelial cells.
		Desmosomal plaque proteins are preserved in all grades of breast cancer.
		Immunohistochemical labelling of desmoplakin was used as a marker for desmosomes, and of connexin43 as a marker for gap junctions, in single and double stainings.
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gi/87813.html (5420 words)

	Desmosome - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Desmosomes are molecular complexes of cell adhesion proteins and linking proteins that attach the cell surface adhesion proteins to intracellular keratin cytoskeletal filaments.
		The cell adhesion proteins of the desmosome are members of the cadherin family of cell adhesion molecules.
		If the desmosomes connecting adjacent epithelial cells of the skin are not functioning correctly, layers of the skin can pull apart and allow abnormal movements of fluid within the skin, resulting in blisters and other tissue damage.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Desmosome (236 words)

	Desmosome - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		A desmosome (also known as macula adherens (Latin for adhering spot)) is a cell structure specialized for cell-to-cell adhesion.
		Desmosomes, a type of junctional complex, are localized spot-like adhesions randomly arranged on the lateral sides of plasma membranes.
		Desmosomes Connect Intermediate Filaments from Cell to Cell in Molecular Biology of the Cell by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts and Peter Walter (2002) Published by Garland Science.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Desmosomes (392 words)

	pop up template parts
		Desmosomes function as points of especially firm adhesion between adjacent cells.
		, or half desmosomes, can be found in the interaction of a cell membrane with the basement membrane where they serve to bind the cell to the membrane.
		Desmosomes form a tight, impenetrable barrier anchoring cells to each other or to a substrate.
	fig.cox.miami.edu /~cmallery/150/frames/thumbs/junc/desmosome.content2.html (213 words)

	5.4
		In this junction, a continuous adhesion belt (the zonula adherens or belt desmosome) surrounds each of the interacting cells in the sheet, resulting in a narrow adhesive zone mediated by Ca dependent transmembrane linker glycoproteins.
		The other principal class of anchoring junction is the spot desmosome, a buttonlike point of intercellular contact that rivets together certain types of epithelial tissue cells.
		Each desmosome is a spoon-shaped molecule about 30 nm long, spaced at ~8 nm intervals across the cell surface, with the straight tail of each spoon firmly embedded in a subsurface cytoskeletal plaque and the head of the spoon protruding ~10 nm outside of the cellular lipid bilayer membrane.
	www.nanomedicine.com /NMI/5.4.htm (329 words)

	Kathleen J. Green Laboratory
		Desmosomes anchor intermediate filaments to the desmosomal cadherins, desmogleins and desmocollins, through a series of adapter proteins whereas adherens junctions anchor microfilaments to cadherins.
		It is thought that pemphigus antibodies inhibit cell adhesion or impair desmosome structure and assembly state, whereas the toxins proteolytically cleave the extracellular adhesive domain of desmoglein 1; in both cases severe epidermal blisters result.
		In addition, mutations in a desmosomal molecule called plakophilin 1 have been shown to lead to aberrations in desmosome structure and epidermal lesions in patients, and truncating mutations in plakoglobin and desmoplakin result in heart, skin and hair defects with early morbidity.
	www.kgreen.northwestern.edu /green/researchoverview.htm (793 words)

	Pediatrics
		Desmosomes are complexes that form cell-cell junctions in epithelial tissues.
		Desmosomes are composed of the products of three main gene families: the desmosomal cadherins, the armadillo family of nuclear and junctional proteins, and the plakins.
		Blistering appears to occur when the desmosomes cleave immediately on the cytoplasmic side (which is consistent with a completely intracellular distribution of plakophilin 1).
	www.acep.org /webportal/MemberCenter/Periodicals/Medical+News/pediatrics/default.htm?newsid=0c026b89 (906 words)

	PNN - pinin, desmosome associated protein
		We suggest that the function of pinin is to pin intermediate filaments to the desmosome.
		Pnn/ DRS protein is associated with desmosomes and colocalizes with splicing factors in nuclear speckled domains.
		PNN is a homologue of PNN (pinin, desmosome associated protein) from Canis familiaris.
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gi/91148.html (5119 words)

	Desmosomes
		Desmosome frequency: Experimental alteration may correlate with differential cell adhesion.
		Differential cell adhesion, a suggested guiding force for tissue rearrangement during embryogenesis, could be affected by desmosome frequency.
		This is what is expected if desmosome are organelles for adhesion and if differential adhesion is a factor in tissue-positioning behaviour.
	mysite.verizon.net /vzep454v/wiseman_bird_rock_art/id7.html (212 words)

	[No title]
		the desmosome is a very extraordinarily complex structure, and they exist between all epithelial cells - not just in the skin.
		desmosomes are better, and stronger, but the adherens junction is a good backup mechanism.
		desmosomes do not exist between keratinocytes and these other cell types - only between the epidermal cells.
	www.hillary.net /school/fall.97/syspath/syspath.lec.10.16.97 (2025 words)

	Anchoring Junctions
		In the region of a desmosome, adjacent plasma membranes are seperated by approximately 20-40 nm, which is occupied by the central core of the desmosome - the central core appears to be trypsin-sensitive glycoprotein and composed of extracellular domains of transmembrane proteins called desmocollins.
		Immediately beneath the plasma membrane on either side of the desmosome are desmosomal plaques 15-20 nm in diameter and roughly 300 nm in length - plaques are composed of several cytoplasmid proteins (including desmoplakins and plakoglobin) as well as cytoplasmic extensions of transmembrane proteins such as desmoglein.
		Finally, desmosomal plaques are attached to keratin intermediate filaments that radiate into the cytoplasm and anchor to the cytoskeleton.
	arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu /hbooks/cmb/cells/pmemb/ajunctions.html (206 words)

	The Function of Plakophilin 1 in Desmosome Assembly and Actin Filament Organization -- Hatzfeld et al. 149 (1): 209 -- ...
		Desmosomes are adhering junctions that anchor intermediate filaments
		To test whether the size or the number of desmosomes is affected by this recruitment, we recorded fluorescence intensities in the desmoplakin channel by scanning along two defined plasma membrane stretches (arrows, b' and b'').
		Pasdar, M., Nelson, W.J. Regulation of desmosome assembly in epithelial cells: kinetics of synthesis, transport, and stabilization of desmoglein I, a major protein of the membrane core domain.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/149/1/209 (7829 words)

	CAT.INIST
		To examined the possibility that certain moisturizers act by facilitating desmosomal digestion, we investigated the ability of glycerol, a common humectant, to influence this process in stratum corneum in vitro.
		Examining desmosome morphology in isolated stratum corneum by electron microscopy, it was observed that the desmosomes wire in more advanced stages of degradation in glyceroltreated tissue compared with control tissue.
		Desmosomal degradation was also shown to be a humidity-dependent event, being significantly reduced at low relative humidity.
	cat.inist.fr /?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=3493361 (421 words)

	Intermediate Filaments
		In muscle cells, the intermediate filaments that form the desmosome are "desmins".
		Desmosomes: Two plaques on adjacent cells (containing desmoplakin and other proteins) are connected by cadherin molecules.
		Actually these are sites of desmosome connection which is a vital junction in the skin.
	www.cytochemistry.net /Cell-biology/intermediate_filaments.htm (1248 words)

	Hemidesmosome - Glossary Entry - Genetics Home Reference
		An anchoring junction of the cell to a non-cellular substrate, similar in morphology to halves of desmosomes.
		They are composed of specialized areas of the plasma membrane where intermediate filaments bind on the cytoplasmic face to the transmembrane linkers, integrins, via intracellular attachment proteins, while the extracellular domain of the integrins binds to extracellular matrix proteins.
		A specialization of the plasma membrane of an epithelial cell that is similar to half a desmosome and serves to connect the basal surface of the cell to the basement membrane.
	ghr.nlm.nih.gov /ghr/glossary/hemidesmosome (104 words)

	Q
		a spot desmosome, consists of transmembrane proteins that are anchored in cytoplasmic plaques and extend into the intercellular space.
		Macula adherens, or a spot desmosome, consists of transmembrane proteins that are anchored in cytoplasmic plaques and extend into the intercellular space.
		Adjacent cell membranes are held together by interlocking of the transmembrane proteins (cadherins) into a fibrous network, leaving a substantial space (15 to 35 nm wide) between the membranes.
	www.prep4usmle.com /forum/thread/51789 (230 words)

	Spot desmosome Dr.Jastrow's electron microscopic atlas
		Spot desmosomes are located beneath belt desmosomes in junctional complexes and in high concentration between the spine-like process connections of the epithelial cells in stratified squamous epithelia.
		The relatively few spot desmosomes encountered between smooth muscle cells are smaller, have a reduced height and show less "glue" material.
		Other 7F desmosomes (with intermediate filaments of the desmin type) are present between epithelial cells of glands.
	www.uni-mainz.de /FB/Medizin/Anatomie/workshop/EM/EMDesmosomE.html (332 words)

	Bullous disorders due to hereditary or acquired desmosome or hemidesmosome impairment. A short survey
		The basic components of the desmosome are the desmosomal plaque and the transmembrane adhesion molecules desmocollins 1- 3 and desmogleins 1-3, which are connecting two neighboring desmosomes.
		A good example is pemphigus vulgaris in which antibodies to desmoglein 3 (6,7) and to a lesser extent to desmoglein 1 (8) or to cholinergic receptors (9) cause the disruption of desmosomes and consequently the formation of intraepidermal clefts, vesicles or bullae (acantholysis).
		In the ectodermal dysplasia/skin fragility syndrome the deficient molecule is placophilin 1 (20), while erythrokeratodermia figurata variabilis is attributed to the deficient connexin 31 (21) and in keratodermia palmoplantaris striata to desmoplakin and desmoglein (22).
	www.mf.uni-lj.si /acta-apa/acta-apa-01-2/1-2-01.html (2336 words)

	The desmosome: cell science lessons from human diseases -- Kottke et al. 119 (5): 797 -- Journal of Cell Science
		The desmosome is an electron-dense complex (upper panel) found in tissues subjected to mechanical stress, such as stratified squamous epithelia cells and the myocardium.
		hypothesis that the desmosome is an intersection for adhesion
		Pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus antibodies are pathogenic in plasminogen activator knockout mice.
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/119/5/797 (6936 words)

	Diseases: Johns Hopkins Autoimmune Disease Research Center
		Desmosomes are specialized, symmetric junctions composed of a cytoplasmic and an intercellular region, Figure 3 (LINK).
		The hemidesmosome, like the desmosome, consists of a dense plaque and an associated bundle of keratin filaments; it lacks, however, a mirror image of itself at the junction and has a different protein composition than the desmosome.
		The hemidesmosome contains in fact two proteins that are not present in the desmosome: the bullous pemphigoid antigen 230 (BP230), an intracellular component of the hemidesmosomal plaque, and the bullous pemphigoid antigen 180 (BP180), that crosses the plasma cell membrane and extends extracellulary into the lamina lucida.
	autoimmune.pathology.jhmi.edu /diseases.cfm?systemid=10 (463 words)

	Cardiovascular Molecular Genetics; Prof Thierfelder
		Cardiac desmosomes provide mechanical stability, transmit contractile force between and participate in signal transduction of myocytes.
		In collaboration with Walter Birchmeier´s group we are currently analysing mice heterozygous for a Pkp2 deletion mutation in order to test whether Pkp2 haploinsufficiency in mice causes a cardiac phenotype similar to human ARVC.
		An electron micrograph of a desmosome from bovine tongue highlights the single extracellular dense midline (DM) and the outer and inner dense plaques (ODP and IDP, respectively) in the cytoplasm of adjacent cells.
	www.mdc-berlin.de /thierfelder/project2.htm (349 words)

	Subjects : Nature Milestones in Cutaneous Biology
		The desmosome is a structurally complex and functionally crucial component of the epidermis and other tissues that experience mechanical stress.
		From the late 1800s through the golden age of electron microscopy in the 1950s and 1960s, the desmosome caught the eye of morphologists and became a focal point for modern cellular biologists and investigative dermatologists.
		This series of short reviews highlights some of the key breakthroughs in desmosome research and depicts a timeline of how this rich field of research has taken shape.
	www.nature.com /milestones/skinbio/subjects/Desmosome/index.html (191 words)

	Animal Parasitology
		Developmental stages occur between the microvilli and are attached to epithelial cells.
		During penetration of host cells by sporozoites or merozoites, an electron-dense layer forms at the point of attachment and is morphologically reminiscent of a desmosome.
		A thin layer of host cell cytoplasm envelops the parasite, which may be derived from fused microvilli.
	www.k-state.edu /parasitology/625tutorials/Crypto02.html (139 words)

	Lecture Template
		Spot desmosome (macula adherens); disk-like junction scattered over the surface of the cell which is paired with a similar structure in adjacent cells.
		Hemidesmosome; "Half desmosome", present where the basal surface of the cell is anchored to the basal lamina
		Belt desmosome (zonula adherens); belt-like junction which encircles the apex of the cells resembling a "barrel strap".
	www.cbil.vcu.edu /dev/ecur/bigbee/cell.html (2158 words)

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