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Destructive distillation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Destructive Distillation means driving off (and collecting) gas from some matter by heating it in the absence of air, where pyrolysis occurs during heating. Examples of substances that are commonly destructive distilled to extract chemicals and other materials include: Coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPV) are the result of destructive distillation of bituminous coal. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Destructive_distillation   (138 words)

COAL-TAR - LoveToKnow Article on COAL-TAR   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12) Distillation of Coal- Tar.Much more important than all applications of crude coal-tar is the industry of separating its constituents from it in a more or less pure form by fractional distillation, mostly followed by purifying processes. Distillation of the Tar.The number of fractions taken during the distillation varies from four to six. Towards the end of this fraction the distillation seems to cease, in spite of increasing the fires, and a rattling noise is heard in the still. 64.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CO/COAL_TAR.htm   (7121 words)

Page 22   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12) Destructive distillation consists in heating the fuel to temperatures of several hundred degrees, then a few of the constituents pass over undecomposed, while the bulk of the material undergoes thermal decomposition, the gaseous and liquid products of which are to be found in the form of gas and tar. It is likewise evident that too rapid a distillation at ordinary pressure will, by superheating of the walls of the carbonising vessel, lead to a secondary and unnecessary decomposition of the products which have already passed into the gaseous state. For commercial purposes vacuum distillation will hardly come into question, firstly on account of the cumbersome apparatus required, and secondly because the same product can apparently be obtained by distillation at ordinary pressure with the aid of superheated steam. www.dangerouslaboratories.org /pg22.html   (495 words)

GAS - LoveToKnow Article on GAS   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12) The second liquid product of the destructive distillation of coal is the ammoniacal or gas liquor, which consists of water containing ammonia salts in solution, partly condensed from the hot gas, and partly added to wash the gas in the scrubbers. When, however, the distillation has gone on for three hours, the rich portions o coal have distilled off and the temperature of the retort has reached its highest point, and this is the best time to feed in the oil. The retort E is charged with ordinary bituminous coal which is submitted to destructive distillation by the heat communicated through the flues 1ff n2, and is thus converted into coke. 38.1911encyclopedia.org /G/GA/GAS.htm   (10623 words)

Destructive Distillation of Wood Destructive distillation is a process in which wood is heated to form charcoal and methanol. Destructive distillation was used in the past for generating methyl alcohol, which is used today in windshield washer solvent and many other applications. By destructive distillation of wood it is possible to produce the combustible vapor, methyl or wood alcohol. jchemed.chem.wisc.edu /jcesoft/cca/CCA5/MAIN/1ORGANIC/ORG18/DDWOOD/MOVIE.HTM   (239 words)

Class Definition for Class 202 - DISTILLATION: APPARATUS For the purposes of this classification distillation is defined as the volatilization of a substance for the purpose of recovering material from the vapor produced by condensation or absorption. Thermolytic distillation, in which a compound or compounds found in the distilland undergo chemical decomposition, thermolysis, and form different chemical compounds, at least some of which are volatile at the temperature employed, and can be recovered by condensation or absorption. A separatory distillation in which a generally less volatile substance, often referred to as a solvent, is added to the distillation column to preferentially remove some components of the vapor by dissolving it. www.uspto.gov /go/classification/uspc202/defs202.htm   (3983 words)

distillation articles on Encyclopedia.com   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12) coke COKE [coke] substance obtained by the destructive distillation of bituminous coal. coal gas COAL GAS [coal gas] gas obtained in the destructive distillation of soft coal, as a byproduct in the preparation of coke. still STILL [still] term applied to the apparatus used in distillation, referring either to the flask in which a liquid to be distilled is evaporated, or to other pieces of equipment, or to the entire apparatus. www.encyclopedia.com /articles/03689.html   (465 words)

Fractional Distillation - Search Results - MSN Encarta Fractional Distillation, separation of a mixture of liquids using differences in the liquids’ boiling points. If a portion of the distillate in the above example is returned from the condenser and made to drip down through a long column on to a series of... Argon is produced commercially by the fractional distillation of liquid air. uk.encarta.msn.com /Fractional_Distillation.html   (107 words)

AllRefer.com - distillation (Chemistry) - Encyclopedia distillation, process used to separate the substances composing a mixture. It involves a change of state, as of liquid to gas, and subsequent condensation. Today, refined methods of distillation are used in many industries, including the alcohol and petroleum industries. reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/D/distilla.html   (145 words)

Appendix II The "beer" (fermented feedstock containing about 85% water) is heated in a distillation column, or still, to boil off the water and the alcohol, which is condensed and piped off to a storage tank. Distillers' mash and DDG are currently used as animal feed supplements (they have higher protein value--22-27%--than the original grain itself), and research is underway on using DDG as a human food supplement. an alcohol made from wood or carbonaceous urban waste (by destructive distillation), from natural gas (by reacting that gas with a catalyst), or from coal (by liquefaction--a technology that is being advanced for commercial use in this country). www.dnr.state.la.us /sec/execdiv/techasmt/alternative_fuels/ethanol/fuel_alcohol_1987/020.htm   (765 words)

History Channel Search Results The main purpose of distillation is to separate a mixture of several components by taking advantage of their different volatilities, or the separation of volatile materials from nonvolatile materials. The only disadvantage of fractional distillation is that a large fraction (as much as one-half) of the condensed distillate must be refluxed, or returned to the top of the tower and eventually boiled again, and more heat must therefore be supplied. The important applications of this process are the destructive distillation of coal for coke, tar, gas, and ammonia, and the destructive distillation of wood for charcoal, acetic acid, acetone, and wood alcohol. www.historychannel.com /thcsearch/thc_resourcedetail.do?encyc_id=207669   (1581 words)

Fractional Distillation   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12) Distillation is a process in which a liquid or vapour mixture of two or more substances is seperated into its component fractions of different boiling points, by the application and removal of heat. This principle is used to distil crude oil, as shown in the next section. The main use of fractional distillation in todays world is in the purification of crude oil. www.dit.ie /DIT/science/chemistry/rsccomp/competition00/distillation/topframe.html   (1148 words)

Destructive distillation: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12) Distillation is a means of separating liquids through differences in their boiling points.... Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture of compounds by their boiling point, by heating to high enough temperatures.... Combustion or burning is an exothermic reaction between a substance (the fuel) and a gas (the oxidizer) to release heat.... www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/d/de/destructive_distillation.htm   (481 words)

Lewis Karrick: US Patent # 2,011,054 ~ Process of Destructive Distillation ... I have found in distilling coal with my process that the temperature used and time allowed for the coal substance to pass through its oil-yielding range of temperature affects greatly the yield and quality of the gases, tar-oils and coke formed. However, when distilled at higher temperatures the lumps will retain substantially their original form die to the surface material passing more quickly into the rigid coke structure before the entire interior is in the plastic state. I prefer, however, to remove the dust size coal from the charge, to be treated separately, and confine the present process to distilling a dust-free charge with the various sizes segregates into zones having the largest lumps at the base and the smallest at the top. www.rexresearch.com /karrick2/2011054/2011054.htm   (2253 words)

Frank M. Gentry: The Technology of Low Temperature Carbonization ~ Chapter 1: Fundamentals Distillation must be slow on account of the large quantities of tar acids present; otherwise, frothing will be severe and subsequent separation of by-products will be rendered difficult. This temperature is, of course, a function of the physical conditions of retorting; thus, for example, in vacuum distillation it may not exceed 450° C, and in case of pressure distillation may run beyond 1000° C under peculiar circumstances. When steam distillation was used, 48% of the retort was above 300° C, and 98% above 100° C. In the zones of the retort, extending from 5 feet above the base to the top, constituting about 75% of the carbonization chamber, the use of 13.5% steam raised the temperature of the charge over 100%. www.rexresearch.com /coal/1chap/1chap.htm   (9062 words)

The Dangerous Substances and Preparations (Safety) (Consolidation) and Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12) Tar, coal; coal tar (The by-product from the destructive distillation of coal. Distillates (coal-petroleum), condensed-ring arom; Distillates (The distillate from a mixture of coal and tar and aromatic petroleum streams having an approximate distillation range of 220°C to 450°C (428°F to 842°F). Distillates (coal tar), naphthalene oils, acid exts.; Methylnaphthalene oil extract residue (A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by debasing the methylnaphthalene fraction obtained by the distillation of coal tar and boiling in the range of approximately 230°C to 255°C (446°F to 491°F). www.sheilapantry.com /fulltext/samples/evpd/20002897.asp   (13140 words)

Coal-Tars and Derived Products (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Volume 35, 1985)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12) Large quantities of crude coal-tars, which contain polynuclear aromatic compounds as major components, are formed as by-products of the destructive distillation of coal, coke-ovens being the major source. The distillate fractions of crude coal-tars alone or in combination with coal-tar pitch, both of which contain polynuclear aromatic compounds, are mixed to produce various products, such as creosote. There is sufficient evidence that occupational exposure to coal-tars as it occurs during the destructive distillation of coal is causally associated with the occurrence of skin cancer in humans (IARC, 1984a). www.inchem.org /documents/iarc/vol35/coaltars.html   (993 words)

Coal Derivatives by Destructive Distillation-Sec. Many coal derivatives are produced indirectly by the destructive distillation of bituminous coal. Some of the gases produced during the distillation process can be refined to form ammonia, coal tar and light oil. a) Ammonia (NH4) is derived from the gases produced during the destructive distillation. www.coaleducation.org /lessons/sec/properties/coalderiv/coalder.htm   (775 words)

Untitled Document Destructive distillation is the process in which complex carbon compounds are strongly heated in closed vessel in absence of oxygen to break into simple form of carbon. Destructive distillation of wood produces :- Wood gas, Tar, Charcoal, Methyl Alcohol and acetic acid. Destructive distillation of coal produces coal gas, ammonical liquor, coal tar and coke. www.classteacher.com /student/exambooster/concepts/chemistry10.html   (1254 words)

Chapter Destin <i>to</i> Detain of D by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition) One who believes in the final destruction or complete annihilation of the wicked; — called also annihilationist. Causing destruction; tending to bring about ruin, death, or devastation; ruinous; fatal; productive of serious evil; mischievous; pernicious; — often with of or to; as, intemperance is destructive of health; evil examples are destructive to the morals of youth. The faculty supposed to impel to the commission of acts of destruction; propensity to destroy. www.bibliomania.com /2/3/257/1195/22394/4.html   (264 words)

Asbury Carbons   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12) Metallurgical coke, also known as “Met” coke, is a carbon material manufactured by the “destructive distillation” of various blends of bituminous coal. Destructive distillation is performed in “coke batteries” which are banks of large enclosed kilns. Once the kilns are loaded, they are heated to approximately 1000 C in the absence of air. www.asbury.com /Materials_Detail.cfm?mid=7   (273 words)

coal gas coal gas, gas obtained in the destructive distillation of soft coal, as a byproduct in the preparation of Its composition varies, but in general it is made up largely of hydrogen and methane with small amounts of other hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide (a poisonous gas), carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. tar and pitch - tar and pitch, viscous, dark-brown to fl substances obtained by the destructive distillation of... www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0812671.html   (175 words)

Dictionary C (Part 3 of 3)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12) Coal gas is a gas produced by the destructive distillation of coal, and contains approximately 50% hydrogen, 35% methane and 8% carbon monoxide. Coke is an impure form of carbon, which is obtained as a byproduct from the destructive distillation of coal. Colorimetric analysis is a quantitative analysis of solutions by estimating the colour produced by the reaction of the sample under analysis with a reagent and comparing it with the colours produced by known standard solutions. www.ucc.ie /ucc/depts/chem/dolchem/html/dict/000c3.html   (2114 words)

AllRefer.com - distillation : The Destructive Distillation Process (Chemistry) - Encyclopedia Another form of distillation involves heating out of free contact with air such substances as wood, coal, and oil shale and collecting separately the portions driven off; this is known as destructive distillation. Coal yields coal gas, coal tar, ammonia, and coke. Ammonia is also obtained by the destructive distillation of oil shale. reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/D/distilla-the-destructive-distillation-process.html   (178 words)

Coal Gasification (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Volume 34, 1984)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12) Town gas and industrial gases derived from the destructive distillation of coal are produced in thousands of plants throughout the world. Case reports of tumours of the skin (including the scrotum), bladder and respiratory tract in association with employment in industries involving the destructive distillation of coal suggested a link between that industry and human cancer. Notwithstanding the limited details available on the work histories of the gas workers, there appeared to be a relationship between elevated relative risk of tumours and work in retort houses, particularly when the job entailed exposure to fume emanating from the retorts. www.inchem.org /documents/iarc/vol34/coalgasification.html   (563 words)

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