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Topic: Destructive plate margin

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	Plate tectonics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Plate tectonics (from Greek τέκτων, tektōn "builder" or "mason") is a theory of geology developed to explain the phenomenon of continental drift, as one where the cooler and more solid surface parts of the Earth's rock crust ("plates") move slowly over time across the hotter, weaker, underlying asthenosphere.
		The plates are around 100 km (60 miles) thick and consist of two principal types of material: oceanic crust (also called sima from silicon and magnesium) and continental crust (sial from silicon and aluminium).
		Plate motion is driven by the higher elevation of plates at mid-ocean ridges.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Destructive_plate_margin (4771 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - plate tectonics
		PLATE TECTONICS [plate tectonics] theory that unifies many of the features and characteristics of continental drift and seafloor spreading into a coherent model and has revolutionized geologists' understanding of continents, ocean basins, mountains, and earth history.
		The beginnings of the theory of plate tectonics date to around 1920, when Alfred Wegener, the German meteorologist and geophysicist, presented the first detailed accounts of how today's continents were once a large supercontinent that slowly drifted to their present positions.
		Synthesized from these findings and others in geology, oceanography, and geophysics, plate tectonics theory holds that the lithosphere, the hard outer layer of the earth, is divided into about 7 major plates and perhaps as many as 12 smaller plates, c.60 mi (100 km) thick, resting upon a lower soft layer called the asthenosphere.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/p1/platetec.asp (1045 words)

	Plate Tectonics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		On plates that have a combination of both oceanic and continental crust, the thick, light continental crust of the land slopes gently into the sea along the 'continental shelf'.
		The fastest-moving plates are the oceanic plates, with the Cocos plate having the highest velocity at 8.6 cm per year.
		Because the oceanic plate is being destroyed, the area along an edge of a plate where subduction occurs - the subduction zone - is known as a 'destructive plate margin'.
	www.bbm.me.uk /portsdown/PH_063_PlateTec.htm (2675 words)

	Volcanology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Diagram of a destructive margin causing earthquakes and a volcanic eruption
		Many volcanoes are formed at destructive plate margins: where oceanic crust is forced below the continental crust because oceanic crust is denser than continental crust—a process is called subduction.
		For example, Mount St. Helens is found inland from the margin between the oceanic Juan de Fuca Plate and the continental North American Plate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Volcanology (1512 words)

	Plate Tectonics
		To the south, is a destructive plate margin with volcanic activity (Etna and Vesuvius) and earthquakes.
		To the north is a collision margin with Fold Mountains and earthquakes.
		Where the plates meet, the oceanic plate is forced downwards to form a sub duction zone.
	html.rincondelvago.com /plate-tectonics.html (1190 words)

	GeologyRocks :: Tutorials :: Introduction to Plate Tectonics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		As with all plate margins, constructive plate margins are associated with seismicity.
		The volcanoes in destructive plate margins are andesitic in ocean-ocean collisions and andesitic to granitic in ocean-continent collisions.
		Destructive margins form subduction zone where a plate is pushed underneath another.
	www.geologyrocks.co.uk /tutprint.php?id=7 (1011 words)

	Books \| A Guide to the End of the World: Everything You Never Wanted to Know by Bill McGuire
		The relative movements of the plates themselves, which comprise the crust and the uppermost rigid part of the mantle (together known as the lithosphere), are in turn directly related to the principal geological hazards - earthquakes and volcanoes, which are concentrated primarily along plate margins.
		Examples of such conservative plate margins include the quake-prone San Andreas Fault that separates western California from the rest of the United States and Turkey's North Anatolian Fault, whose latest movement triggered a major earthquake in 1999.
		Destructive windstorms are not only confined to the tropics, and hurricane-force winds also accompany low-pressure weather systems at mid-latitudes.
	books.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4381579-101284,00.html (4249 words)

	Classroom@Sea: The Carlsberg Ridge Cruise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In these zones, the lithospheric plates are pushed together by the injection of magma at the mid-ocean ridges, and pulled by the frictional drag of the mantle convection currents on the base of the plate.
		The Nazca plate is composed entirely of dense basaltic rocks and peridotite, and therefore when the plates are forced together the denser Nazca plate is dragged down beneath the less dense continental plate, forming a subduction zone.
		The most obvious features of continental-oceanic destructive margins are the linear belts of fold mountains which run along the boundaries of the overriding continental plate.
	www.soc.soton.ac.uk /CHD/classroom@sea/carlsberg/science/cont-oc_destructive.html (898 words)

	Plate Tectonics - MSN Encarta
		The Cocos plate is 2000 km (1400 mi) wide, while the Pacific plate is the largest plate at nearly 14,000 km (nearly 9000 mi) wide.
		The second kind of motion, called relative motion, leads to different types of boundaries between plates: plates moving apart from one another form a divergent boundary, plates moving toward one another form a convergent boundary, and plates that slide along one another form a transform plate boundary.
		There are three types of convergent plate boundaries: between two oceanic plates, between an oceanic plate and a continental plate, and between two continental plates.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761554623_2/Plate_Tectonics.html (1090 words)

	Geology Rocks :: Tutorials
		Plate tectonics is the theory that underpins most of modern geology.
		The boundaries of the plates, regardless of type are marked by earthquakes (the fl dots) and some by volcanoes.
		The plate in plate tectonics is the known as the lithosphere.
	www.geologyrocks.co.uk /tut.php?id=7 (1022 words)

	Understanding plate motions [This Dynamic Earth, USGS]
		Plate boundary zones -- broad belts in which boundaries are not well defined and the effects of plate interaction are unclear.
		Even though the Nazca Plate as a whole is sinking smoothly and continuously into the trench, the deepest part of the subducting plate breaks into smaller pieces that become locked in place for long periods of time before suddenly moving to generate large earthquakes.
		Land on the west side of the fault zone (on the Pacific Plate) is moving in a northwesterly direction relative to the land on the east side of the fault zone (on the North American Plate).
	pubs.usgs.gov /gip/dynamic/understanding.html (2502 words)

	Volcano - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A volcano is a geological landform (usually a mountain) where magma (rock of the earth's interior made molten or liquid by high pressure and temperature) erupts through the surface of the planet.
		Most volcanoes on the land are formed at destructive plate margins: where oceanic crust is forced below the continental crust because oceanic crust is denser than continental crust.
		Their magmas are typically "calc-alkaline" as a result of their origins in the upper parts of altered ocean plate materials, mixed with sediments, and processed through variable thicknesses of more-or-less continental crust.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Volcano (3581 words)

	The Theory of PLATE TECHTONICS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The theory of plate techtonics was developed in the 1960s to explain the structure and movement of the earth’s crust or lithosphere. This phenomenon is sometimes called continental drift.
		This is a plate margin in which two plates are pushing against each other. The result is that one plate bends and moves under the other plate in a process called subduction.
		Converging plate margins are also known as subduction zones, or destructive plate margins.
	www.webdesigns.ai /classnotes/form3/platetechtonics.html (664 words)

	glossary
		A constructive margin is a region of the Earth, such as a mid ocean ridge, where plates separate and magma uprises to form new oceanic crust.
		Where oceanic plate converges with a continental part of another, the oceanic plate is subducted beneath the continental plate.
		The mechanism whereby the gravitational pull of a downgoing slab in a subduction zone exerts a lateral force on the plate attached to the slab.
	www.le.ac.uk /geology/art/glossary/glossary.html (1192 words)

	Earth Science resources: Plate tectonics, destructive plate margins
		Destructive plate margins occur where crustal plates converge - with one plate being forced downwards beneath the overriding plate.
		The sub-ducting Nazca plate forms a deep ocean trench running north to south off the coast of Chile whilst the pressure buckling of the American plate has formed the Andes mountain range.
		Ocean/continental plate margins are characterised as Andean margins.
	www.stvincent.ac.uk /Resources/EarthSci/Tectonics/destructive.html (825 words)

	Geoscience - The Earth - Shaping the Earth - Plate Tectonic processes
		The plates move under horizontal forces that cause them to collide, combine, break up, or, in the case of oceanic plates, to be drawn down (subducted).
		On their active margins, they have trenches adjacent to destructive plate margins (e.g along the Pacific Ocean) while on passive margins they have broad continental slopes up to 200 km wide (e.g along the Atlantic Ocean).
		Because plate tectonics is a large-scale process that transfers heat, water and magmas, it underpins the formation of many mineral deposits.
	www.amonline.net.au /geoscience/earth/tectonics.htm (2405 words)

	Dora the Explorer's Indian Ocean (Banda Aceh) Earthquake Science Page
		The northern boundary of the sliver plate is not the northern end of teh Andaman Sea, and the sliver plate does not end immediately south of the epicenter of the December 26 quake.
		The Burma/ sliver plate is called a plate mainly because the region behind the subduction trench is spreading apart, and the fault zone accomodates rather complex north/ south motion between the plates, this strip of plate often moves in ways that are fairly unique to it, relative to the plates around it.
		Active tectonics of the Sumatran plate margin and its seismic threats to Indonesia and southeast Asia by Danny Natawidjaja and Kerry Sieh.
	www.geocities.com /tiggernut24/earthquake.html (7748 words)

	Homework High - Geography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The plates float upon the mantle and are moved by convection currents.
		The oceanic plates are formed when convection currents force the plates apart (constructive plate margin) and magma comes to the surface and then solidifies.
		It is oceanic plate which is destroyed when a continental and oceanic plate meet at a destructive plate margin.
	www.channel4.com /learning/microsites/H/homeworkhigh/geography/answer.jsp?id=985 (185 words)

	Pennsylvania Geological Survey: Trenton Black River Carbonates
		Beginning in the Middle Ordovician, the craton margin was uplifted during the Taconic orogeny (Faill, 1999).
		With the reversal of plate motion that stopped the spreading of Iapetus, compressional down warping of the Laurentian continental margin occurred as the Taconic thrust belt approached from the east.
		This stratigraphic sequence reveals the passive margin history of the eastern part of the Laurentian craton from Early Cambrian to Middle Ordovician time, and the shift to down warping that led to terminal drowning of the platform during Late Ordovician time.
	www.dcnr.state.pa.us /topogeo/tbr/ordcarb.aspx (1580 words)

	Classnotes.ai :: ...and there was a sudden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The theory of plate tectonics was developed in the 1960s to explain the structure and movement of the earth’s crust or lithosphere.
		These plate margins are associated with underwater basalt volcanoes, the creation of new crust and earthquakes.
		At a transform plate margin, the movement of the plate is sliding along a horizontal plane.
	www.webdesigns.ai /classnotes/portal/index.php?module=ContentExpress&func=display&ceid=6&bid=22&btitle=Notes&meid=7 (888 words)

	Revision - Geo Net - Geography Resources
		Plates move as a result of convection currents in the mantel.
		Because the oceanic plate is heavier it subducts under the continental plate.
		This is a destructive plate margin running around the rim of the Pacific Ocean.
	www.bennett.karoo.net /gcse/tectonics.html (223 words)

	August 2005 Large Igneous Province
		The Early Cretaceous Whitsunday Volcanic Province is the northern and relatively intact extension of the SLIP that extended along the eastern Australian margin (Fig.
		The rocks along the southeast Australian margin tend toward bimodal compositions, occurring as basalt-basanite lavas and dykes and monzonite-syenite intrusions and trachytic to rhyolitic volcanics.
		The strong increase in maximum Cretaceous palaeotemperatures towards the southeast margin as evidenced by apatite fission track data (e.g., Kohn et al., 2002) provide indirect evidence that a major igneous belt was located close to the southeast margin during the Early Cretaceous.
	www.largeigneousprovinces.org /05aug.html (6166 words)

	USGS CMG InfoBank Geology School: plate
		plate tectonics, crust, mantle, core, plate, plate boundary, divergent plate boundary, convergent plate boundary, transform plate boundary, lithosphere, asthenosphere, earthquake, subduction zone
		"plate tectonics", "oceanic crust", crust, magma, volcano, "divergent plate", "mid-oceanic ridge", rift, "sea floor spreading", plate, topography, orogeny, collision, "deep-sea trench", subduction
		"plate tectonics", "convergent plate", "oceanic crust", "continental crust", subduction, plate, mantle, convection, mechanism
	walrus.wr.usgs.gov /infobank/programs/html/school/keypage/plate.html (727 words)

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