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Topic: Desulfurization

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	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A portion of the sorbent is removed from the desulfurization zone and at least a portion of the sorbent is subjected to a surface treatment with a reducing agent such as, for example, hydrogen.
		Desulfurized cracked-gasoline containing entrained sorbent particles is passed to a gas-solids separator 7, generally a cyclone separator.
		A process for enhancing the activity of a bifunctional sorbent composition to be used in desulfurization of a hydrocarbon fluid stream containing organosulfur compounds which comprises contacting the surface of said bifunctional sorbent composition with a reducing agent under conditions such that sulfur deposits on the surface of the bifunctional sorbent are removed.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=03/87269.031023&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (4626 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In a process wherein the desulfurization agent of the invention is used, a pre-blended mixture of the above carrier material and selected amounts of passivated magnesium material are delivered in the combined state from a pressurized vessel to the lance for injection.
		The turbulent mixing of the iron and desulfurization material during injection causes entrapment of molten iron in the slag.
		Desulfurization results and iron yield improvement obtained by using the first embodiment or the second embodiment are substantially the same.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=01/88208.011122&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (4267 words)

	Axens : diesel desulfurization Reactor Internals fuel sulfur reduction hydrodesulphurization desulfurization system ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Knowledge of crude properties along with a good understanding of the operation of each diesel desulfurization unit is critical diesel desulfurization optimizing the low diesel desulfurization distillate HDT pool.
		The ULSG target was met with the diesel desulfurization diesel desulfurization a small diesel desulfurization diesel HDS the heavy catalytic diesel desulfurization The DHT unit is designed to process a mixture of straight run and refractory sulfur reduction in diesel diesel.
		As a result, many EU countries diesel desulfurization seen transportation diesel demand surpass that of diesel desulfurization Finally, stringent off-road diesel sulfur specifications are also considered as very likely in the near future.
	www.axens.net /hydrotreatment/diesel_desulfurization.htm (1476 words)

	Roger C. Prince 2003 5833
		The desulfurization pathway has been shown to proceed primarily through the sulfone and sultine (the sulfinic acid lactone) (6) and to a lesser extent the sultone (the sulfonic acid lactone) forms (15) to yield hydroxylated forms.
		Characterization of the desulfurization genes from Rhodococcus sp.
		Sulfur-specific microbial desulfurization of sterically hindered analogs of dibenzothiophene.
	www.bionewsonline.com /4/6/roger_c_prince_2003_5833.htm (3068 words)

	The Transition to Ultra-Low-Sulfur Diesel Fuel: Effects on Prices and Supply - 3. Desulfurization Technologies
		Desulfurizing the remainder of the distillate streams is expected to pose the greatest challenge, requiring either substantial revamps to equipment or construction of new units.
		The deployment of diesel desulfurization technologies will hinge on several factors, such as the ability and willingness of refiners to invest, the timing of investment and permitting, the ability of manufacturers to provide units for all U.S. refineries at once, and the availability of engineering and construction resources.
		The expected startup dates for the gasoline and diesel desulfurization units indicate an overlap of 26 gasoline units and 63 diesel units in 2006.
	www.eia.doe.gov /oiaf/servicerpt/ulsd/chapter3.html (5130 words)

	[No title]
		The desulfurization and regeneration capabilities of the selected formulations as well as the effects of operating parameters were determined, to identify the "best" sorbent formulation and the optimum operating conditions.
		Coal gas desulfurization to sufficiently low levels at elevated temperatures (i.e., T>350C) is now recognized as crucial to efficient and economic coal utilization in advanced IGCC and IGFC power generation processes.
		Although excellent desulfurization efficiency has been achieved with this sorbent at these extreme conditions, the results indicate that the sorbent will undergo reduction during sulfidation stage, reducing the sorbent capacity for high desulfurization efficiency.
	www.icci.org /96final/abbasia2.htm (928 words)

	Flue gas desulfurization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Flue gas desulfurization is technology that employs a sorbent, usually lime or limestone, to remove sulfur dioxide(SO) from the gases produced by burning fossil fuels.
		Flue gas desulfurization is current state-of-the art technology for major SO emitters, such as power plants.
		partial pressure is another way of saying flue gas desulfurization.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flue_gas_desulfurization (1213 words)

	Coal Desulfurization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This book was written to provide a comprehensive survey of the current state of the art in coal preparation, with particular emphasis on coal desulfurization.
		While several edited books on this topic have been published in the meantime, they consist of collections of individual papers which, while valuable, do not present the state of the art in a comprehensive, uniform manner.
		The primary audience for this book is practicing coal preparation engineers who need complete information about all of the coal preparation and desulfurization technologies that are available now, or that may be available in the future.
	www.chem.mtu.edu /~skkawatr/Coal_Desulfurization.htm (484 words)

	Axens : desulfurization system diesel oil desulphurisation gasoline biodesulfurization refinery catalytic process ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		desulfurization system The objective is to maintain the diesel hydrodesulphurization catalyst stability, since catalyst deactivation rates and not initial activities determine run refinery catalysts desulfurization system in turn define the frequency of catalyst change outs.
		Axens has implemented several similar desulfurization system to meet low sulfur fuels requirement.All HR desulfurization system catalysts are commercially proven, regenerable and desulfurization system no special handling procedure.All HR series catalysts are commercially proven, regenerable desulfurization system require no sulfur reduction in gasoline handling procedure.
		Axens has implemented several diesel hydrodesulfurization schemes to meet low desulfurization system fuels requirement.ULSD is sulfur reduction in diesel a reality in North America.Because sulfur contribution to low sulfur diesel gasoline pool is essentially limited desulfurization system that of desulfurization system FCC naphtha, strategies for gasoline sulfur reduction are usually straightforward, i.
	www.axens.net /hydrotreatment/desulfurization_system.htm (737 words)

	SULPHCO INC - SLPH Securities Registration: Small Business (SB-2/A) BUSINESS
		Conventional desulfurization equipment, known as hydrotreaters, require high temperatures and pressure, and must be designed and built to withstand these conditions in a refinery environment, which typically operate 24 hours per day, seven days per week, with infrequent breaks for maintenance.
		Operation of our desulfurization units are subject to a variety of federal, state and local health and environmental laws and regulations governing product specifications, the discharge of pollutants into the air and water, and the generation, treatment, storage, transportation and disposal of solid and hazardous waste and materials.
		These losses are principally associated with the research and development of our desulfurization and upgrading technologies, development of pre-production prototypes and related marketing activity, and we expect to continue to incur expenses in the future for development, commercialization and sales and marketing activities related to the commercialization of our technologies.
	sec.edgar-online.com /2005/01/21/0001297077-05-000016/section13.asp (10782 words)

	Patent 4470850: Process with calcium sulfite hemihydrate in a powdery byproduct from dry flue gas desulfurization for ...
		During the treatment of flue gases which result from the combustion of fossil fuels, it is necessary, as a result of the tightening up of clean air regulations, to take measures which reduce the sulfur content of such flue gases.
		The desulfurization of the flue gases can be a dry flue gas desulfurization.
		Depending upon the way that the dry flue gas desulfurization is carried out, a mixture of fly ash, calcium-containing reaction products of the desulfurization, and the remainder of the calcium-containing absorbent is recovered.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4470850.html (935 words)

	KAMAX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Combustion gas desulfurization facilities offered by our Company are based on the newest technology and are executed according to the modern know-how and the best experts on our team.
		All the measurement and signal readouts are stored in a supervising computer, which controls the whole desulfurization process.
		In July 1994 our Company became one of the few companies in Poland to be granted a certificate of a quality management system in accordance with the ISO 9001 standard.
	www.kamax.com.pl /_ang/ios.html (296 words)

	HKUST Institutional Repository: Item 1783.1/1624
		Desulfurization of DBT by the living cells, resting cells and enzymes of a bacterium was investigated in this study.
		The bacterial strain was isolated from soil by repeated cultivation in a selective medium with DBT as the sole sulfur source.
		GC-MS analysis of the medium reveals that the strain transformed DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2HBP), a desulfurized compound with the intact carbon skeleton of DBT.
	hdl.handle.net /1783.1/1624 (211 words)

	Advanced Diesel Desulfurization Catalyst (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This leads to lower hydrogen costs and lower dry gas makes." Marshall adds that the synthesized catalysts have to date only been tested for HDS of dibenzothiophene (a component in heavy oils), but new funding will be used for testing these catalysts on a full range of heavy oil components.
		The project modified the geometry of pores in the different catalyst support materials to increase their HDS selectivity for larger and more structurally complex crude oil molecules, which are difficult to desulfurize.
		Lower-pressure, lower-temperature diesel desulfurization seems likely to become something of a holy grail for refiners, since the average HDS unit in the U.S. achieves only 600 psig – well below the 1,000 psig or even higher pressures anticipated to be required for deep desulfurization of certain diesel streams.
	www.cmt.anl.gov /science-technology/catalyst-desulfurization.shtml (647 words)

	[No title]
		Application of thermodynamics, heat and mass balances, and kinetics to the understanding, analysis, and design of pyro-, hydro-, and electro-metallurgical processes for the extraction of ferrous and non-ferrous metals from their concentrates.
		Currently conducting research toward the development of a copper-based sorbent for the desulfurization of hot coal-derived fuel gases; development of advanced high temperature metal oxide-based sorbents for H2S removal from fuel gases in a fluidized-bed reactor.
		Formulation of Mn-based sorbents for the desulfurization of coal combustion gases (i.e.
	www.chez.com /tsca/rachid.htm (966 words)

	[No title]
		The use of certain coal combustion wastes for desulfurization, and the application of cerium (IV) catalyzed air oxidations for selective sulfur oxidation were also studied.
		It is believed that the key to the success of the two-step process lies in the ability of the oxidant to selectively oxidize the organic sulfur species to their sulfoxides, sulfones or sulfonic acids in the pretreatment step.
		Investigate the kinetics and mechanism of desulfurization under these various conditions by varying the time and temperature of the treatments on coals and model compounds.
	www.icci.org /96final/palmer.htm (1059 words)

	Untitled
		HOP- 463 is used for deep desulfurization of diesel fuels at rather lower reaction temperatures than conventional catalysts.
		HOP 523 is a newly developed desulfurization catalyst of higher hydrocracking activity than that of HOP- 551.
		Desulfurization catalyst having a higher activity of mild Hydrocracking and longer operational life than any other commercial catalyst.
	zaidat.8k.com (1221 words)

	CDTECH® Technology For Gasoline Desulfurization Commercialized by Motiva Enterprises
		The CDHDS unit, which is designed to process 16,000 barrels per stream day (BPSD) light naphtha or 12,000 BPSD heavy naphtha, started operations in May processing the heavy cat naphtha (HCN) from the fluid catalytic cracker unit (FCCU) to make a low sulfur gasoline blend stock.
		This is the first commercial application of CDTECH’s FCC gasoline desulfurization technology since the CDHDS process was introduced in 1998.
		Motiva Enterprises LLC is a U.S. joint venture between Shell Oil Company, Texaco and Saudi Refining, Inc. The joint venture combines the major elements of the three companies' former Eastern and Gulf Coast U.S. refining and marketing businesses.
	www.abb.com /global/usabb/usabb049.nsf/0/bb510d3af204f8c785256974004fed34?OpenDocument&r=2 (343 words)

	CT 7/98 Riding the fossil fuel biodesulfurization wave
		Fuel desulfurization seems like a reasonable approach to reducing acid rain except for one inevitable problem: It costs money, and as the extent of desulfurization increases, the costs escalate rapidly.
		EBC has spent about $50 million isolating, characterizing, and manipulating the desulfurization genes from a variety of microorganisms and developing and testing the reactor, separations, and recovery technology that is required to commercialize biodesulfurization.
		The first step in desulfurization of these molecules is the transfer of the molecules from the oil into the cells.
	pubs.acs.org /hotartcl/chemtech/98/jul/rid.html (3063 words)

	BHS-Filtration Inc. : Comparison of Gypsum Dewatering Technologies at Flue Gas Desulfurization Plants
		Recovering gypsum from flue gas desulfurization (FGD) plants is becoming more important as the technical feasibility of substituting FGD gypsum for natural gypsum in traditional applications such as wall board, cement and soil conditioners has been demonstrated.
		It is estimated that there are over 200 new coal-fired plants and over 1000 upgrades of existing coal-fired plants in various stages around the world.
		This paper will examine wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) systems and specifically techniques available for producing a by-product of salable gypsum for wallboard, cement and other manufacturing uses.
	www.bhs-filtration.com /gypsum_dewatering.htm (2398 words)

	Mechanism of the Desulfurization of Pig Iron by Granulated Magnesium (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Mechanism of the Desulfurization of Pig Iron by Granulated Magnesium (ResearchIndex)
		Mechanism of the Desulfurization of Pig Iron by Granulated Magnesium (2001)
		1 Cored wire for the deep desulfurization of pig iron by a mag..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /dyudkin01mechanism.html (185 words)

	FGD Plants - The best plants products, sites and information on the web today! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Recovering gypsum from flue gas desulfurization (FGD) plants is becoming more important as the technical feasibility of substituting FGD gypsum for natural gypsum in traditional...
		Flue gas desulfurization is a chemical process to remove sulfur oxides...
		gas desulfurization (FGD) systemsâ”commonly known as scrubbers â”at its Conesville and Gavin plants in Ohio, and at its Oklaunion and Pirkey plants in Texas...
	plants.cbdirs.com /index.php?k=FGD-Plants (1332 words)

	World Bank - Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD)
		In most developed countries, wet scrubber (flue-gas desulfurization; FGD) technology is a well-established process for removing SO Also, costs have been reduced significantly from 150-200 $/KW in the 1980s to 70-150 $/kW in the late 1990s.
		A simplified process flow diagram of a conventional wet scrubber is shown in the figure below.
		Retrofitting an existing power plant with wet scrubbers requires 3 to 6 weeks of outage to connect the FGD with the boiler ducts and to construct the scrubber itself (provided that space is available).
	www.worldbank.org /html/fpd/em/power/EA/mitigatn/aqsowet.stm (1021 words)

	(WO 01/88208) CARRIER MATERIAL AND DESULFURIZATION AGENT FOR DESULFURIZING IRON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Material flow of a transport gas and the carrier material is established in a lance prior to inserting the lance into a ladle-contained molten iron, then following insertion the passivated magnesium is added to the material flow.
		A second embodiment of the invention for iron desulfurization, blends the carrier material and passivated magnesium into a single desulfurization agent.
		A third embodiment uses carrier material of a narrow range of composition with existing desulfurization processes to improve slag characteristics and increase iron yield.
	wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=01/88208.011122&... (246 words)

	REC: Reduction of SO2 and Particulate Emissions: Implementation Strategies (6.4)
		Flue gas desulfurization has been introduced in Slovenia, Poland, the Czech Republic (see Box 20), and Hungary, and these experiences could be benefitted from for projects in Bulgaria, Romania and other countries.
		In Bulgaria, three desulfurization systems are currently being implemented two of them in the metallurgical sector (in Plovdiv and Eliseina), and one in the Maritza-East 2 thermal power plant.
		The desulfurization of 5,930 MW of capacity throughout its 32 fossil fuel plant units by means of flue gas limestone washing (5,710 MW through wet limestone washing, and 220 MW through semi-dry washing),
	www.rec.org /REC/Publications/SO2/chapter64.html (1585 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Profiles in Flue Gas Desulfurization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The effectiveness of these treatments vary greatly, depending the types and levels of the materials, as well as the size of the facility.
		Profiles in Flue Gas Desulfurization will help engineers and managers identify the technologies that best fit their plant and/or processes.
		As the need to control process emissions has increased, so have the number of FGD treatment and control strategies…with varying levels of effectiveness given the materials involved, the size of the facility, and other factors.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0816908206 (412 words)

	Flue gas desulfurization (US4571330)
		Systems for desulfurization of a flue gas containing fly ash including formation of a dry powder in a spray dryer absorber resulting from reaction of an alkaline aqueous feed and the flue gas.
		The dry powder is collected and a specifically selected fraction is recycled to a feed preparation subsystem for inclusion in the aqueous feed.
		Selective recycle is based on physical or chemical properties and, for example, large diameter and dense particles provide enhanced reagent utilization compared to smaller and less dense particles.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US04571330__ (281 words)

	FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION (FGD) RESIDUE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) residue is produced when SO, and NO, are removed from gases produced during the combustion of coal.
		This by-product is becoming increasingly significant with more stringent air quality standards, and increasing fossil file] consumption.
		Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) residue: Potential applications and environmental issues.
	www.uga.edu /srel/Reprint/2410.htm (360 words)

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