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Topic: Determinists

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	Becoming: A Problem for Determinists?
		The causal determinist maintains that the future relative to any moment is fully determinate at that moment and is predictable on the ground of natural regularities by any perfect knower of the initial conditions and relevant laws.
		Hence, the determinist is committed to an absurdity, that the predicted state of affairs is deducible from the initial conditions yet is logically inconsistent with them (BMP 114).
		If the determinist is asked to move on to a positive proposal of what time consists in, he might try to provide the requisite asymmetries Outside of nature, in logic or consciousness for example.
	www.religion-online.org /showarticle.asp?title=2440 (5985 words)

	Free will - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Early scientific thought often pictured the universe as deterministic, and some thinkers believed that it was simply a matter of gathering sufficient information to be able to predict future events with perfect accuracy.
		While not mechanistic in the same sense as classical physics, most current scientific theories are also deterministic, by necessity — it is a basic assumption of all scientific endeavours that the future can be predicted.
		As an illustration, the strategy board-games chess and more so Go are rigorously deterministic in their rules and parameters, expressed in terms of the positions of the pieces or entities in relation to other entities on the board.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Free_will (4254 words)

	Phil 251 Freedom Questions
		Determinists believe that human behavior can be explained only if we think of it in the same law-governed ways in which we think of other things in nature.
		Determinists argue that while most human choices and actions are caused to occur in exactly the way they do, the recognition that we are determined is itself uncaused and thus undetermined.
		Though determinists and indeterminists disagree on how to understand freedom, they agree that the way to study the issue is by focusing on the causes of acts rather than the reasons for which acts are done.
	www-phil.tamu.edu /~sdaniel/quesfree.html (5306 words)

	SoloHQ: Forum
		The determinists think there can only be one kind of cause, namely, the sort we witness in mechanics—say on the pool table when one ball causes another to move.
		Most hard determinists argue that all relevant causal factors necessitate a particular outcome (the law of sufficient reason applied to causality) and combine this with the idea that the human will can be analyzed in terms of causal factors.
		Determinists (especially compatibilists) have answers, as do scientists who are trying to help people with mental disorders - indeterminists just use the determinist answers and deny those answers when they feel like it.
	solohq.com /Forum/ArticleDiscussions/0916_1.shtml (10002 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Determinism - a Predestined Heresy
		One common belief of determinists is that any good act an unsaved person does will be compromised by the sin that they have and always have had.
		Determinists wouldn't allow even being born again into God through baptism to be sufficient because it being saved by baptism implies being saved through works and not faith.
		The determinists redefine baptism to be covenantal, that is, a sign from God promising a new relationship (like the rainbow's showing God's promise not to flood the earth again) but they argue that baptism does not change the person.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/ww2/A994368 (1236 words)

	Technological Determinism: Technology-led Theories
		According to technological determinists, particular technical developments, communications technologies or media, or, most broadly, technology in general are the sole or prime antecedent causes of changes in society, and technology is seen as the fundamental condition underlying the pattern of social organization.
		Technological determinists interpret technology in general and communications technologies in particular as the basis of society in the past, present and even the future.
		Karl Marx is often interpreted as a technological determinist on the basis of such isolated quotations as: 'The windmill gives you society with the feudal lord: the steam-mill, society with the industrial capitalist' ('The Poverty of Philosophy', 1847), and determinism certainly features in orthodox Marxism.
	www.aber.ac.uk /media/Documents/tecdet/tdet02.html (338 words)

	Determinism, Free Will, Freedom
		Determinists respond that such experiences of freedom are illusions and that introspection is an unreliable and unscientific method for understanding human behavior.
		Naturalistic determinists maintain that such things as heredity and environment are the external causes, whereas theistic determinists believe that God is the external cause of all human behavior.
		The self determinist can respond to this question by pointing out that it is not the will of a person that makes a decision but the person acting by means of his will.
	www.mb-soft.com /believe/text/determin.htm (3183 words)

	<< Journals Division of UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS >> (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Determinists and instrumentalists differ on the basis of autonomy and continuity.
		Determinists believe that change is out of human control.
		Determinists are divided on their view of technological morality.
	www.utpjournals.com /jour.ihtml?lp=simile/issue14/bradford1.html (1786 words)

	quest6
		Determinists claim that, even though we think we are free to act in different ways, we are nonetheless determined to act exactly as we do because every event (including human actions) is caused.
		Determinists acknowledge that, if there were actions that could be explained only in terms of intentions and purposes, then those actions could be considered free; but, in fact, there are no such actions.
		Determinists argue that, even though we think we are free to act in different ways, we are nonetheless determined to act as we do because every event (including human actions) has a determining cause.
	www-phil.tamu.edu /~sdaniel/quest6.html (7028 words)

	Block-Universe Determinism vs. Causal-Chain Determinism
		The armchair determinist can discover some logically implicit implication of a kind of ego death or something almost tantamount to an ego death concept and theory, as when pointing out that technically no one is metaphysically a responsible agent.
		The experience of ego death comes as a complete surprise to the egoic conceptual framework, and is based outside egoic conceptual framework, which is based on familiar, armchair, accustomed and limited range of experiencing, based strictly in the mode of cognition characterized by tight associative binding.
		Temptation for modern determinists is the urge to frame the freewill debate as freewillist religion vs. determinist science.
	www.egodeath.com /BlockUnivVsCausalChainDeterminism.htm (4850 words)

	The Determinists
		The determinists are internally divided over whether their abstractions and models embody the nature of Glorantha or whether they just describe it.
		Ironically, it is this realisation that makes most Determinists immune to cult spirits of reprisal - they realise their Deity is a personification of a deterministic phenomenon and that all reprisal comes from the apparent free will of the worshipper.
		Those Determinists uneasy with being lumped in the same heap say it's a matter of attitude: The God Learners had no morals and were decadent hedonists that exploited their knowledge for their own ends, while they seek to describe but not modify.
	www.btinternet.com /~aescleal/Determinists.htm (802 words)

	Into the Abyss: What Criminological "Theories" Suggest
		Determinists believe most human behavior is determined by forces outside the control of the individual - in other words, people do not have free will.
		Soft determinists accept that people are at the mercy of biological, psychological, and social or cultural forces but that, in the end, each is responsible for determining how he or she responds to the situations life presents.
		Offering psychological counseling, too, is based upon the determinist notion that one's behavior is determined by his or her psychological make-up.
	www.faculty.missouristate.edu /m/mkc096f/SOLUTIONS/THEORIES/theories.htm (1797 words)

	Glossary Definition: Determinism
		genetics and human freedom, or unfreedom as it were, illustrates the extent to which genetic determinists place the influence of nature (biology and genetics) over nurture (society and family).
		Determinists can claim that our choice to be killed or not to kill is itself already a determined effect, but this is only of theoretical interest since the issue of one's life or death is of extreme existential significance.
		The deterministic view is expressed religiously in the Calvinist doctrine of predestination, wherein those elected to a divine eternity and those condemned to an eternal hell are already established prior to birth.
	www.pbs.org /faithandreason/gengloss/determ-body.html (812 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Determinists such as Hobbes believe that our actions are predestined to happen due to causality.
		One of the main arguments determinists use to support their claims is that free will contradicts science.
		According to determinists, since the movement of atoms is determined, then we have no control over anything since everything is composed of atoms.
	www.acsu.buffalo.edu /~smcastro/presentation.txt (916 words)

	Untitled
		However, Wright argues that a biological determinist understanding of human societies would predict that all patriarchal societies would be monogamous.
		Biological determinists are always saying things like, humans desire to get their genes into the next generation.
		We might think that the same-sex sexual activities of the berdache are basically the same thing as the homosexuality we find in our own society, that the only difference lies in the two cultures' attitudes toward this behavior.
	www.philosophy.ilstu.edu /horvath/PHI138Sex/Midterm.html (693 words)

	Free Will and Determinism
		The soft determinist agrees with the Thesis of Determinism (the claim that everything that happens must happen, because everything is caused in accordance with causal laws, which force effects which, in theory, can always be precisely predicted).
		It's fairly easy to think of cases that stump the soft determinist: cases where a person thinks and believes her acts are voluntary; all the world would agree the acts are voluntary; and yet we'd want to say they're nevertheless not free.
		Hard and soft determinists alike accept the thesis of determinism (the claim that all events are caused).The indeterminist attacks the thesis of determinism itself.
	instruct.westvalley.edu /lafave/FREE.HTM (4604 words)

	Determinism
		The determinists claim that because the Law of Identity applies to the mind, the mind doesn't really exist.
		It claims that consciousness is impossible, while the determinist claim to be conscious of the fact that it is impossible.
		The determinist argument is based on the assumption that to really have a choice, one must not be restricted by the laws of identity.
	www.importanceofphilosophy.com /Irrational_Determinism.html (384 words)

	cprough.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		A determinist might look at punishment in this way: the cause of the punishment was the action(s) of the criminal.
		If you look at this case through a deterministic point of view, his genetics and his ancestors passing down some kind of sour seed caused the boy’s actions.
		They would argue that the determinist point of view holds that no one should ever be punished because no one had a choice of what they could or could not do.
	www.msu.edu /user/boomerki/cprough.html (1744 words)

	Review: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Determinists still have to refer to the decisions and choices they have made.
		Determinists must have a personal life of decision-making and commitment, and this means that they must have an idea of a self which, to some extent or other, they have created for themselves.
		For the determinist this may provide further evidence of the fact that we are not ultimately in control.
	www.datadiwan.de /SciMedNet/library/reviewsN66+/N67FreeWill.htm (1260 words)

	Determinism, Chance and Freedom
		Determinists believe that every event (or every event in a certain category) has a cause that makes it happen exactly as it happens.
		On his view, soft determinists hold that all events, including human decisions, are determined, but that some kind of freedom and moral responsibility also exists.
		Hard determinists hold (what James thought was the more consistent position) that the determination of human decisions requires us to reject the concept of moral responsibility.
	www.frame-poythress.org /frame_articles/2005Determinism.htm (1375 words)

	Determinism in Gnosticism
		Putting aside the detail that people don't always fall cleanly into freewillist thinkers or determinist thinkers, we generally can hypothetically divide people into two groups: those who are deterministically predestined to conclude that philosophical determinism holds, and those who are deterministically predestined to conclude that metaphysical (in addition to practical) freewill is the case.
		Even that lump of determinist thinking is an inferior, low-grade lump, because it is merely the in-time, horizontal, causal-chain, basically egoic conception of determinism, which conceptualizes the state in one time-slice as mechanically causing the state in the next time-slice.
		Pneumatics are not simply deterministic, but it is valid to call them absolute determinists, particularly if you introduce the qualifier of, they believe that the cosmos (but not the divine realm outside and beyond it) is absolutely deterministic.
	www.egodeath.com /DeterminismGnosticism.htm (10909 words)

	Principles of Human Action: On Determinism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		First, determinists disagree about what agents are supposed to determine human action—heredity, environment, or some combination of these and perhaps other factors.
		Many "soft" determinists seem to acknowledge, in some form and to some degree, the capacity of a human being to select among alternatives in mental processes, and consequently in physical actions.
		Typically, the "soft" determinist is reluctant to describe human choice as "free will," claiming that our experience of making choices freely is illusory because our thoughts and choices are necessitated by either (1) unrecognized outside forces or (2) logical necessity.
	www.mindspring.com /~cunningr/pp/cc/HF40012a.html (190 words)

	[No title]
		The key distinction from the hard determinists seems to be that technology places imperatives on peoples behavior, but usually only in the sense that particular instances of technology (such as the automobile), once adopted and spread though society shape their users.
		To rephrase, the soft determinists argue that: 1) People could, if they chose to, pay attention to technologies while they are still being designed and figure out what requirements for the functioning of that technology would impose on users and people at large.
		The economists are a kind of social determinist and the pro-capitalist sociologists/futurists are a kind of technological determinist.
	home.comcast.net /~museable/Articles/techcomp.txt (4425 words)

	Free will (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		While not mechanistic in the same sense as classical physics, most current scientific theories are also deterministic, by necessity — it is a basic assumption of all scientific endeavors that the future can be predicted.
		Thus the unpredictablility of the emerging behaviour from deterministic processes leads to a perception of free will, though free will as an ontological/ entity does not exist.
		As an illustration, the strategy board-games chess and more so Go (board game)Go/ are rigorously deterministic in their rules and parameters, expressed in terms of the positions of the pieces or entities in relation to other entities on the board.
	www.infothis.com /find/Free_will (3162 words)

	Exchange with T. P. Uschanov on Determinism
		A modern determinist like Spinoza, however, expicitly rejects final causes in general, even for human behavior, so that by the time we get to Hume and Kant, determinism clearly means that the explanation of the character of every event is to be found in an efficient cause.
		Thus, the determinist Hume simply saw punishment as a way of causally altering action: a train of reasoning that easily leads to the violation of the moral principle that punishment should be proportional to the crime.
		This is a logical confusion whether you are a determinist or not; but confusing the issue with determinism would involving confusing conscious reasons for a proposition with possible unconscious causes of belief, which is an entirely different level of logical fallacy.
	www.friesian.com /uschanov.htm (8301 words)

	FOLDOP search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		In other words, determinists deny the existence of freely chosen human activity, and the more consistent determinists even deny any personal responsibility for human actions.
		Determinists are usually, in fact almost exclusively, adherents of materialism although there are social or economic determinists also, especially those influenced by Marxism.
		Determinism means pretty much the same thing in practice as it does in philosophical theory, except that popularly it has connotations of fatalism.
	www.swif.it /foldop/dizionario.php?find=determinism (150 words)

	PlanetPapers - We Are Predetirmined As Humans
		Also, they say that determinists cannot judge themselves because that is basically saying that they could have made another choice.
		Also, we determinists argue that freedom and responsibility are not connected and we should not be held accountable for our actions.
		As a determinist, I could use the argument that God does not exist, but it is not even necessary because determinism and theology are compatible.
	www.planetpapers.com /Assets/4527.php (1747 words)

	Legal Punishment
		Of course, the heart of determinism is supposedly rooted in science, or at the very least a scientific mindset.
		It is not enough, however, to prove that determinists cannot monopolize science.
		Of course, many determinists would argue that I am painting determinism with too broad a brush, presenting determinism as monolithic while willfully ignoring its conflicting components.
	courreges.freeservers.com /punishment.htm (1848 words)

	Siris: Shiftiness and Perpetual Deja-vu
		I think it's about time people started asking this question, because, quite frankly, the only reason 'determinism' hasn't been completely demolished and banished from the intellectual scene is that 'determinists' significantly change their position every ten years or so.
		Not so with 'determinists', since that label indicates theories built on some rather different foundations through time.
		But in general philosophers who call themselves determinists help themselves to a level of credibility and assume for themselves a level of stability their actual position has not earned, precisely because they do not take sufficient care to avoid this sort of shiftiness.
	branemrys.blogspot.com /2004/07/shiftiness-and-perpetual-deja-vu.html (875 words)

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