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Topic: Detritus (biology)

	Detritus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In geology, detritus is the name for loose fragments of rock that have been worn away by erosion.
		In biology, detritus is organic waste material from decomposing dead plants or animals.
		Detritus is a character in the Discworld novels of Terry Pratchett
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Detritus (106 words)

	Detritivore - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Detritivores (also detrivores or detritus feeders) are organisms that recycle detritus (decomposing organic material), returning it into the food chain.
		Earthworms are a well-known example of detritus feeders, eating rotting plant leaves and other debris.
		The detritus may already have been partially or fully decomposed by decomposers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Detritivore (89 words)

	The Infamous Detritivore by Ronald L. Shimek, Ph.D. - Reefkeeping.com
		The term "detritus" is actually a word of Latin derivation and it means a "rubbing or wearing away." As is generally understood, detritus is fine particulate material that is eroded off of larger particles.
		Finally, detritus can be composed of inorganic mineral grains resulting from the actions of animals burrowing in live rock or coral skeletons, or from ingested larger mineral grains which are only partially dissolved in digestion.
		The role of kelp detritus in the growth of benthic suspension feeders in an understory kelp forest.
	www.reefkeeping.com /issues/2002-03/rs/index.php (2927 words)

	Population Biology of Leptostracan Crustaceans
		Large accumulations of macrophyte detritus provide food and refuge for a dense (3.5 million per square meter) assemblage of amphipod and leptostracan crustaceans in a Southern California submarine canyon.
		The refuge provided by the detritus for large populations of invertebrates is also crucial; larger refugia translated into increased carrying capacity which allowed both greater population sizes and production, much of which become available to fishes.
		Because the delivery of detritus is governed by physical processes, seafloor features that collect it constitute an important source of patchiness over a wide range of scales.
	www.hpu.edu /index.cfm?DISPLAYGRAPHICS=NO§ion=undergrad2729 (401 words)

	Environmental Biology Sequence - Ecosystems
		If you had Biology 101, this should be review; if you had Geology 101, this is new stuff.
		It is a general principle that the further removed a trophic level is from its source (detritus or producer), the less biomass it will contain (biomass here would refer to the combined weight of all the organisms in the trophic level).
		Biology 101 students will also recall the experiments of Stanley Miller, who used electrical discharges to show how nitrogen in the Earth's early atmosphere might have combined to form amino acids.
	www.hobart.k12.in.us /jkousen/Biology/ecosystem.html (5391 words)

	Urban Habitats -- Influence of Sediment Characteristics on Heavy Metal Toxicity in an Urban Marsh
		This indicated a large amount of detritus in the sediments, which was expected because of the annual dieback of wetland grasses and poor microbial degradation found in suboxic marshes.
		We correlated sediment and detritus parameters with chironomid survival and growth in order to ascertain which parameters were having the most effect on toxicity (Table 6).
		This was supported by metal concentrations in detritus that were consistent with the release of Cd under oxic conditions (early June) and of Pb under suboxic ones (early fall) (Reddy & Patrick, 1977).
	www.urbanhabitats.org /v02n01/heavymetal_full.html (6444 words)

	Algae Research Abstracts / Dept. Botany, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Floating detritus exhibits a diurnal movement: it rises to the surface via oxygen bubbles generated by attached microalgae at sunrise and sinks down at sunset.
		In floating mangrove detritus, dinoflagellates were present in highest proportion (50-90%), followed by diatoms (5-15%), cyanobacteria (3-25%) and dinoflagellate cysts (1-7%).
		In floating detritus, nematodes, ciliates, copepods and crustacean larvae were the most numerous, whereas, in bottom detritus, nematodes and ciliates were the dominant heterotrophic taxa.
	www.hrw.com /science/si-science/biology/plants/algae/Rabst-06.html (166 words)

	Ch17 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Habitat, biology, and fisheries: Abundant; on inshore reefs.
		Habitat, biology, and fisheries: Benthic, neritic; coral, and coral and sandstone.
		Habitat, biology, and fisheries: Benthic; coral, and coral and sandstone reefs.
	www.fao.org /docrep/t0726e/t0726e0h.htm (2533 words)

	Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology: ECOLOGY Lab Projects
		In the field, leaf pack technique was used to assess animal and microbial colonisation; decomposition rates and microbial activities on the detritus were determined by gravimetric and oxygen consumption techniques, respectively; microfungal biomass was assessed by ergosterol concentration analysis.
		Detritivores biodiversity (Hs) demonstrated to be positively related with detritus decomposition rates, thus suggesting in the investigated ecosystem an underlying link between functional attributes of the detritus compartment and structure of the detritivores community.
		The isolation of micotic strains from particulate detritus evidentiated a conspicuous number of species, thus testifying a high diversity of the microfungal community also at the low temperature conditions characterising the environment in the winter season.
	w3.uniroma1.it /cattedra_rossi/eco22.htm (2059 words)

	BiologyMad A-Level Biology
		The "missing" mass, which is not eaten by consumers, becomes detritus and is decomposed.
		Most of the detritus is in the form of cellulose and other plant fibres, which eukaryotes cannot digest.
		Microbial saprophytes break down proteins in detritus to form ammonia in two stages: first they digest proteins to amino acids using extracellular protease enzymes, then they remove the amino groups from amino acids using deaminase enzymes.
	www.biologymad.com /Ecology/ecology.htm (5286 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		We have found that detritus in litter-bags we placed at Saw Mill Creek for a year showed a great increase in metal content, as a result of adsorbing the metals from the surrounding mud.
		Fresh detritus is invaded by microfauna that feed on the bacteria and stimulate further breakdown.
		Then the detritus will be analyzed for Cu, Cr, Pb, and Zn, common contaminants in the area, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (at the HMDC laboratory) in order to determine the metal concentrations in each sample.
	cimic.rutgers.edu /~meri/proposals-old/oct2000/weis-j.doc (4114 words)

	Ecology: Bottom-up limitation of predaceous arthropods in a detritus-based terrestrial food web
		These arthropod fungivores (for the sake of simplicity, all arthropods that ingest detritus and/or graze fungal mycelia will be referred to as "fungivores") are preyed upon by a wide range of arthropod predators, such as mires, beetles, ants, pseudoscorpions, centipedes, and spiders (Swift et al.
		This amount of added detritus approximated the average standing crop (dry mass) of natural litter in the Control plots during the experiment.
		After 6 wk, the total amount of detritus in Food Enhancement and Control plots did not differ significantly, and by the end of experiment, the standing crop of detritus in the Food Enhancement treatment was only 30% higher than in the Control plots [ILLUSTRATION FOR FIGURE 1 OMITTED].
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2120/is_3_80/ai_54545706 (1138 words)

	Biology News Net: Biology - 'Sinkers' provide missing piece in deep-sea puzzle
		Far from being a deserted place, the deep seafloor is inhabited by a wide variety of swimming, crawling, and burrowing animals.
		Finally, by multiplying the number of sinkers reaching the seafloor times the average amount of carbon per sinker, they were able to estimate how much carbon the sinkers were carrying to the seafloor.
		To their surprise, Robison and his colleagues found that sinkers were delivering almost as much carbon as was the detritus being collected in sediment traps.
	www.biologynews.net /archives/2005/06/11/sinkers_provide_missing_piece_in_deepsea_puzzle.html (1460 words)

	Biology Of Echinoderms
		This video program compares the five major classes of living echinoderms in terms of basic functional biology, evolution and ecology using living examples, animations and a few fossil species.
		Urchins are primarily herbivores or detritus feeders, although some actively feed on attached animals such as sponges or sea squirts.
		Unlike other echinoderm groups, the crinoid’s mouth and anus are both on the top side of the animal, facing up, and they are surrounded by five sets of branching, tentacle-bearing arms that trap suspended detritus and plankton.
	ebiomedia.com /prod/BOechinoderms.html (2176 words)

	Freshwater Biology - Journal Information
		Freshwater Biology publishes papers on all aspects of the ecology of inland surface waters, including rivers and lakes, connected ground waters, flood plains and other wetlands.
		Manuscripts with an experimental or conceptual flavour are especially welcome, as are those which integrate laboratory and field work, and studies from less well researched areas of the world.
		Freshwater Biology publishes 2-3 themed issues each year which are available at the special single-issue price of £25 each.
	www.blackwellpublishing.com /journal.asp?ref=0046-5070 (510 words)

	Biology Of Echinoderms script
		Featuring live photography of a diversity of echinoderms, including a focus on the five main classes of living echinoderms, covering aspects of reproduction, development, larval biology, evolution, anatomy, form and function, ecology and fossil echinoderms.
		They’re used to chemically sense food, and move it to the mouth on the underside of the disc.
		Although most ophiuroids feed on sea floor detritus, some are suspension feeders, their arms wave above the bottom collecting food particles suspended in the water.
	ebiomedia.com /prod/BOechinoscript.html (1715 words)

	Rhizome: detritus references
		In biology, rhizome refers to a plant that spreads underground via an interlocking system of roots.
		The detritus files are filled with clippings, quotes, scrawled references, and media of all kinds.
		In addition to the main page for each category, there may also be additional pages of reviews and other information related to that area.
	detritus.net /rhizome (322 words)

	Ergito: Life Sciences Glossary D (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A denticle is a pigmented, hardened spike of cuticle protruding from the ventral epidermis of a Drosophila embryo.
		Dolichol is a lipid that consists of a long chain of isoprenoid units and is present in the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
		Molecular Biology 5.19.4 The bacterial genome is supercoiled
	www.ergito.com /glosscontents.jsp?letter=D (3164 words)

	ECOS overview
		Our goal is to quantify the effects of these species' traits on effects on detritus production, leaf and root effects of these species' traits on effects on detritus production, leaf and root decomposition, soil organic matter mineralization, and ecosystem carbon stocks.
		But detritus mass is controlled also by rates of decomposition, which are influenced by the chemical and structural nature of the detritus (e.g., Heal et al.
		We suggest that detritus accumulations are more sensitive to loss rates than to input rates, and propose in this study to test this idea, which may be a general principle governing patterns of C sequestration and SOM dynamics in tropical forests.
	www.nrem.iastate.edu /ECOS/overview.html (1381 words)

	Growth, Survival, and Metal Content of Marsh Invertebrates Fed Diets of Detritus from Spartina alterniflora Loisel. and ...
		Once broken down to detritus, it is an important food source for many organisms.
		In another experiment using HM sediments from each vegetation type (containing detritus, meiofauna, and microflora), survival was equally high among treatments and the shrimp fed sediments from the restored Spartina site or control food grew better than those fed sediments from the Phragmites or natural Spartina sites.
		Although metal concentrations in detritus varied between sites and plant species, the crabs of each group did not differ in metal concentrations after the feeding experiment.
	www.sgnis.org /publicat/weiswind.htm (393 words)

	UCMP Glossary: Ecology
		detritus -- Accumulated organic debris from dead organisms, often an important source of nutrients in a food web.
		detrivore -- Any organism which obtains most of its nutrients from the detritus in an ecosystem.
		litter -- Leaf litter, or forest litter, is the detritus of fallen leaves and bark which accumulate in forests.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /glossary/gloss5ecol.html (1617 words)

	Milichiidae-Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The biology of the Milichiidae is rather diverse.
		Larvae of Phyllomyza for example have been reared from nests of Lasius fuliginosus and Formica rufa ants, where they live in the chambers and galleries at the bottom of the nest (Donisthorpe 1927).
		Pholeomyia larvae live in the nests of leaf-cutting ants (Atta texana), where they feed on the detritus of the fungus gardens (Sabrosky 1959, Moser & Neff 1971, Waller 1980).
	www.sel.barc.usda.gov /Diptera/milichid/mi-biol.html (359 words)

	BIOLOGY 1406
		Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions of organisms and their environments.
		The water is usually clear and the profundal zone has a high oxygen concentration since little detritus is produced in the limnetic zone to be decomposed.
		The waters are usually murky due to large phytoplankton populations and the large amounts of detritus being decomposed may result in oxygen depletion in the profundal zone during the summer.
	www.accd.edu /sac/biology/MrT/06web1/CH50.htm (5474 words)

	The Biology of Echinoderms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The snake-like arms of brittle stars, class Ophiuroidea, are narrow and distinctly attached to the central disk.
		Brittle star tube feet are pointed and are used to move food suspended in the water (detritus) to the mouth.
		The animal moves by using its arms as paddles, and when a section of arm breaks off, it is replaced by regeneration.
	www.ecb.org /guides/biology/echinoderms.htm (455 words)

	Journal of Fish Biology Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Although chironomid abundance was reduced in gizzard shad enclosures in 1998, food habits from this and other studies showed that adult gizzard shad in Lake Texoma only consumed detritus and algae.
		It is likely that high sedimentation rates in Lake Texoma limit the ability of gizzard shad to regulate algae and detritus in benthic sediments.
		Thus, it is concluded that disturbance of benthic sediments by gizzard shad caused the observed reduction in chironomid abundance, rather than through consumption or competition for resources.
	www.blackwellpublishing.com /abstract.asp?ref=0022-1112&src=ard&aid=11&iid=6&vid=62 (369 words)

	Department of Biology
		Leonard Smock received his Ph.D. in 1979 from the University of North Carolina and is an aquatic ecologist whose primary research interests focus on community-level aspects of streams and riverine wetlands.
		Much of his research has involved aspects of habitat utilization, resource partitioning and the trophic and production ecology of aquatic invertebrates as well as detritus dynamics in streams and wetlands.
		His work examines linkages between invertebrate and detritus dynamics in stream channels with those in fringing floodplains.
	www.has.vcu.edu /bio/people/bios/smock.html (192 words)

	Reef Central Online Community - Starboard Reef is up and running (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Sandbeds operate like wormholes and the excess nutrients and detritus are transported to a sister galaxy
		Organics and detritus is what causes the sand to crap and algae problems, {in the previous arguments}.
		Is it possible for detritus and other organics to accumulate in those tiny gaps, and eventually spread underneath the starboard??
	www.reefcentral.com /forums/showthread.php?s=&threadid=223301&highlight=Starboard (2168 words)

	2blowhards.com: Morning Detritus
		In which a group of graying eternal amateurs discuss their passions, interests and obsessions, among them: movies, art, politics, evolutionary biology, taxes, writing, computers, these kids these days, and lousy educations.
		I remember reading a piece by someone who'd done a study and concluded that an individual's political and economic preferences have a basis in his biology.
		In the arts, one fundamental polarity (particularly in Western art) is between the romantic approach and the classical approach, and over the years I've come to think that the real reason you prefer one or the other come down to matters of body chemistry.
	www.2blowhards.com /archives/000555.html (1660 words)

	Glossary of Common Terms and Definitions in Marine Biology
		The goals of conservation biology are to investigate human impacts of biodiversity and to develop approaches to prevent extinction through stewardship of entire biological communities.
		For example, shore crabs on the Pacific coast live in a wide variety of habitats, such as mud, sand and rock, and feed on everything from the algae growing on rocks to invertebrates to detritus.
		The area of biology that deals with the diversity of living organisms, their relationships to each other through evolution, and their classification.
	oceanlink.island.net /glossary.html (2776 words)

	Environmental Biology Sequence - Ecosystems
		Students and Parents - if you are interested in a contemporary, challenging biology education, check out the Biology Department, especially our courses and our senior capstones and careers page.
		Based on what they eat, we can distinguish between 4 types of heterotrophs:
		The guano is often mined and may form the basis of the economy in some areas.
	www.marietta.edu /~biol/102/ecosystem.html (5620 words)

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