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Topic: Deutsch tritone paradox

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	Tritone Paradox and Spectral-Motion AfterEffects
		The tones used in the tritone paradox have 6 components (octaves) and are presented through a bell-shaped spectral envelope (see Figure to the left).
		It is the perception of the half-octave intervals (e.g., C-F#) that serves as the basis for the tritone paradox.
		Deutsch and her colleagues have found an amazing consistency across individuals within geographical areas in the orientation of the pitch class circle.
	www.cameron.edu /~lloydd/webdoc1.html (1517 words)

	Tritone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The tritone occurs naturally between the 4th and 7th scale degrees of the major scale (for example, in C major F to B), and depending on which of the two notes occurs in the bass, it is either an augmented 4th, or a diminished 5th.
		The sound of the tritone is what lends the strong tendency towards resolution that is characteristic of the diminished and Dominant 7th chord.
		In jazz harmony, the tritone is both part of the dominant chord and its substitute dominant (also known as the sub V chord).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tritone (805 words)

	UCSD Psychology
		In contrast, differences in perception of the tritone paradox are related to the geographic region in which the listeners have grown up, and so to the language or dialect to which they have been exposed, particularly in childhood.
		Deutsch and her colleagues are exploring in detail the characteristics of these illusions, and the reasons why they occur.
		However, Deutsch and her colleagues have shown that speakers of tone languages (Vietnamese and Mandarin) use perfect pitch in their speech, and they are extending these findings to the question of perfect pitch in music.
	psy.ucsd.edu /pages/people/faculty/ddeutsch.html (330 words)

	Deutsch tritone paradox - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Deutsch tritone paradox is an auditory illusion created by Diana Deutsch (creator of a number of auditory illusions) to test the Shepard scale if proximity information was removed.
		This is consistently done by a large portion of the population, despite the fact that responding differently to different tones must involve the ability to hear absolute pitch, which was thought to be extremely rare.
		Deutsch also found that British and Californian subjects consistently resolved the ambiguity the opposite way.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Deutsch_tritone_paradox (175 words)

	Tritone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The tritone interval is used in the musical Deutsch tritone paradox.
		In classical music Liszt uses the tritone in the same way in "Au bord d´une source" (B as dominant for B flat) and many other places.
		Slayer has traditionally used the tritone extensively, and their 1998 album titled "Diabolus in Musica", reflects that fact.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tritone (805 words)

	Tritone - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The tritone, which derives its name from the fact that it spans three whole tones, is a musical interval of six semitones.
		Under equal temperament, the tritone corresponds to a ratio of $1 : \sqrt{2} .$
		The term tritone is also sometimes used in telephony to describe the special information tones, a sequence of three tones played to indicate a technical announcement.
	www.open-encyclopedia.com /Augmented_fourth (427 words)

	Tritone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The tritone occurs naturally between the 4th 7th scale degrees of the major scale (for example in C major F B) and depending on which of the notes occurs in the bass it is an augmented 4th or a diminished 5th.
		The sound of the tritone is what the strong tendency towards resolution that is of the diminished and Dominant 7th chord.
		The tritone interval is used in the Deutsch tritone paradox.
	www.freeglossary.com /Flatted_fifth (461 words)

	Encyclopedia: Deutsch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Armin Joseph Deutsch (A. Deutsch, 1918–1969), was an astronomer and a science fiction writer.
		Diana Deutsch is a perceptual and cognitive psychologist, born in London, England.
		Discovered by Diana Deutsch, Deutschs scale illusion is an auditory illusion produced by simultaneous ascending and descending major scales beginning in separate stereo channels with each successive note being switched to the opposite channel.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Deutsch (623 words)

	Deutsch tritone paradox -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Deutsch tritone paradox is an (additional info and facts about auditory illusion) auditory illusion created by (additional info and facts about Diana Deutsch) Diana Deutsch (creator of a number of auditory illusions) to test the (additional info and facts about Shepard scale) Shepard scale if proximity information was removed.
		Thus two Shepard tones exactly half an octave apart, a (additional info and facts about tritone) tritone, are played.
		This is consistently done by a large portion of the population, despite the fact that responding differently to different tones must involve the ability to hear (The ability to identify the pitch of a tone) absolute pitch, which was thought to be extremely rare.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/d/de/deutsch_tritone_paradox.htm (174 words)

	Tritone paradox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Deutsch tritone paradox is an auditoryillusion created by DianaDeutsch (creator of a number of auditory illusions) to test the Shepardscale if proximity information was removed.
		Diana Deutsch found that perception of which tone was higher was dependent on theabsolute frequencies involved: one will consistently find the same tone as higher or lower, and this is determined by the tones'absolute pitch.
		This is consistently done by a large portion of the population, despite the fact that responding differently todifferent tones must involve the ability to hear absolute pitch, whichwas thought to be extremely rare.
	www.therfcc.org /tritone-paradox-71453.html (138 words)

	Tritone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The tritone, which derives its name from the fact that it spans three whole tones, is a musical interval of 6 semitones.
		Under equal temperament, the tritone corresponds to a ratio of √2:1.
		Note: the term "tritone" is also sometimes used in telephony to describe the special information tones, a seqence of three tones played to indicate a technical announcement.
	www.news-server.org /t/tr/tritone.html (373 words)

	A paradox of musical pitch
		University of California, San Diego, psychologist Diana Deutsch, PhD, and her colleagues have created an auditory illusion called the tritone paradox, and have found that a person's linguistic history has a lot to do with how the illusion is heard.
		Deutsch hypothesized that, even though most had no musical training, the listeners were tagging one region of the pitch class circle as higher in tone and the opposite region as lower.
		Deutsch plotted the percentage of times each participant heard a pattern as descending as a function of the pitch class of the first tone of the pair.
	www.apa.org /monitor/julaug01/musicpitch.html (1443 words)

	Tritone
		The tritone occurs naturally between the 4th and 7th scale degrees of the
		The sound of the tritone is what lends the strong tendency towards resolution that is characteristic of the diminished and Dominant 7th
		harmony, the tritone is both part of the dominant chord and its substitute dominant (also known as the sub V chord).
	www.mp3.fm /Tritone.htm (433 words)

	APS 15th Annual Convention Program Book :: Submission Detail
		Purpose: The tritone paradox, as described by Deutsch (1986, 1987), consists of two sounds that are separated from each other by a half-octave.
		Deutsch (1991, 1997) has argued that listeners perform the task by referring to the absolute positions of the tones along the pitch class circle, by tagging tones in one region of the circle as high and those in the opposite region as low.
		It is possible that, as Deutsch (1991, 1997) argues, based on a history of exposure to speech sounds individuals acquire a representation or template of the pitch-class circle that has a particular orientation with respect to height.
	www.psychologicalscience.org /cfs/program/view_submission.cfm?Abstract_ID=3758 (524 words)

	The Musical Crematorium: Tritone Paradox
		The tritone paradox occurs when two tones that are a 4+ or 5° apart are heard in secession.
		This paradox is an auditory illusion because the listener could perceive the notes to be descending or ascending.
		They also observed that the perception of the tritone paradox varied significantly based on the first language to which the experiment participants were exposed.
	musicalcrematorium.blogspot.com /2004/12/tritone-paradox.html (664 words)

	Acoustical Society of America - Mothers and Their Children Hear a Musical Illusion in Strikingly Similar Ways
		Specifically, each subject made judgments of the tritone paradox, and from these judgments the pitch classes defining the highest position along the pitch class circle ('peak pitch classes') were derived.
		In summary, a remarkably strong correlation is here reported between the way an individual perceives the tritone paradox and the way his or her mother hears it.
		This result provides evidence that perception of the tritone paradox is influenced by a mental template which is acquired through exposure to speech patterns in the listener's environment, particularly during childhood.
	www.acoustics.org /press/131st/lay05.html (1245 words)

	Tone language translates to perfect pitch
		The study follows up on one Deutsch led in 1999, which found that native speakers of Vietnamese and Mandarin exhibited a "remarkably precise and stable form of absolute pitch in enunciating words," leading Deutsch to hypothesize then that pitch was an extra-musical ability.
		Deutsch's coauthors on the present study are: Trevor Henthorn, also of UCSD; Elizabeth Marvin, professor of music theory, Eastman School of Music; and HongShuai Xu, graduate student, College of Music, Capital Normal University in Beijing.
		Deutsch has discovered a number of musical illusions and paradoxes, including the tritone paradox, which established that different cultural groups often perceive identical notes of music differently.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-11/uoc--tlt110804.php (920 words)

	Deutsch's Tritone Experiments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In one experiment, subjects were presented with pairs of Shepard tritones and asked to judge whether each was an ascending or descending sequence.
		With tritones, however, the aspect of proximity could not be used as such an aid.
		In one experiment, Deutsch played a sequence of pairs of tritones for different listeners, asking them to note whether each was up or down.
	epsych.msstate.edu /descriptive/Hearing/tritone/tritone_desc9.html (298 words)

	music
		This phenomenon, called the tritone paradox, occurred when she electronically removed specific “overtones” from a series of two computer-generated pitches separated by a half-octave —an interval called a tritone.
		Deutsch concluded that most people mentally arrange musical pitches on a circular map, or “pitch-class circle,” placing all the notes in positions comparable to the numbers on a clock.
		Deutsch did not measure the fundamental frequencies of the English/California volunteers, but she speculates that further studies may reveal voice-pitch differences between the two groups.
	faculty.ed.umuc.edu /~jmatthew/articles/music.html (792 words)

	Re: Terhardt's theory and the tritone paradox (at)
		Deutsch used two spectral envelopes in her study that were exact spectral transpositions of each other, differing by an interval of 6 semitones.
		Deutsch's and Repp's experiments measure the probability that one direction will be chosen, for a given listener.
		In the tritone paradox experiment, OCTs are presented individually and quickly, so you are more likely to hear a single virtual pitch.
	www.auditory.org /postings/1993/220.html (1366 words)

	Re: Two questions I was asked (Diana Deutsch )
		The two Vietnamese groups were strikingly similar in the way they heard the tritone paradox, and the data from both Vietnamese groups differed significantly from the 'native English-speaking Californian' group.
		We conclude that perception of the tritone paradox is heavily influenced by speech patterns heard early in life.
		Diana Deutsch >I teach a course on DSP and music processing, in which I include a >little psychoacoustics, mainly to suggest that things are not as >simple as they might think, and to introduce a little on compression.
	www.auditory.org /postings/2004/948.html (754 words)

	MOM AND MUSIC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Diana Deutsch, a professor of psychology at the University of California at San Diego, has discovered a phenomenon known as the "tritone paradox." A tritone consists of two tones related by a half octave, and certain tritones (D followed by G# for example) when transposed, will be perceived uniquely by each person.
		Deutsch hypothesized that the arrangement around the "pitch circle" is acquired developmentally, through exposure to speech patterns, especially those of our mothers.
		To test her theory, Deutsch assembled 15 subjects (ranging in age from 6 to 35) and their mothers to listen to the tritones.
	www.astralgia.com /webportfolio/omnimoment/archives/continuum/mom.html (245 words)

	Storm's Nest - Paradoxal Music
		Paradoxal Music --- The endless staircase stands as a classic visual paradox, continuously tricking the eye into a geometrically impossible journey.
		In an example of this phenomenon, called the tritone paradox, d is played at time t1 followed by g# at t2.
		In a variation called the semitone paradox, d# and g# are presented simultaneously, follwed by d and a.
	home.earthlink.net /~johnrpenner/Articles/paradoxalMusic.html (1137 words)

	Social Sciences
		In her study, Deutsch, who specializes in musical perception, has found that perfect pitch is common among native speakers of tonal languages such as Mandarin Chinese and Vietnamese.
		In previous research, Deutsch has shown that most people are able to use some form of perfect pitch in perceiving music, even though they are unable to consciously categorize musical notes by their name.
		In 1983, Deutsch discovered what is now known as the tritone paradox, which established that different cultural groups often perceive identical notes of music differently.
	ucsdnews.ucsd.edu /newsrel/soc/dpitchdeutsch.htm (840 words)

	The Biology of . . . Perfect Pitch \| Mind & Brain \| DISCOVER Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Deutsch has a face as round and sprightly as a sixteenth note, a red bob of hair, and a doctorate in psychology.
		Deutsch has spent the past few years circling in on this innate sense of pitch through a series of experiments.
		When Deutsch recently asked English speakers to read the same list of words on different days, she found that their pitch for any given word could vary by as much as two notes.
	discovermagazine.com /2001/dec/featbiology (1559 words)

	Report
		Deutsch is responsible for the discovery of a number of musical illusions and phenomena such as the cambiata illusion, the glissando illusion, the octave illusion, the scale illusion, and the tritone paradox (“Diana Deutsch”).
		Yet, while researching the cambiata illusion, Deutsch noted that “right-handed listeners tend to hear the higher tones on the right and the lower tones on the left while left-handed listeners have more varied listening experiences (“Psychologist…”).” Therefore, patterns of cerebral dominance in left-handed people are not the same as those in a typical brain.
		Besides the research and discoveries Diana Deutsch has contributed to the fields of music perception and psychology, she has also contributed in a number of other ways.
	www.immaculata.edu /academics/Departments/Music/studentartifacts/report10.htm (1605 words)

	Spanisch Deutsch -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		''Deutsche Welle,'' which in English roughly means "German Wave", is generally comparable to international broadcasters such as the BBC World Service, Voice of America, or Radio France Internationale.
		In 1960 the "Deutsche Welle" became an independent public body, which on June 7, 1962 joined the ARD as a national broadcasting station.
		Otto Erich Deutsch, who listed all of Schuberts works in a catalogue: by extension Deutsch or D can refer to the catalogue itself, where every composition of Schubert has a separate number.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/137/spanisch-deutsch.html (486 words)

	Pitch (music) - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Like other senses, the relative perception of pitch can be fooled, resulting in "audio illusions".
		There are several of these, such as the tritone paradox, but most notably the Shepard scale, where a continuous or discrete sequence of specially formed tones can be made to sound like this sequence continues ascending forever, when this in fact is a clever audio illusion.
		In atonal, twelve tone, or set theory a "pitch" is a specific frequency while a pitch class is all the octaves of a frequency.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Pitch_(music) (1844 words)

	Deutsche Bank - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Deutsche Bank
		Deutsche Bank is not available in the Hutchinson encyclopedia.
		Deutsche Asset Management (asset management division of Deutsche Bank)
		Deutsche Bahn AG (German Railways, Inc., aka DB)
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Deutsche+Bank (112 words)

	CD review: Auditory brainteasers
		On her new disc, Deutsch guides the listener through a series of musical illusions and experiments illustrating her conclusion that wide perceptual discrepancies occur in the brain's interpretation of even the simplest musical patterns.
		In her research, Deutsch has examined the brain's ability to focus on minute sounds buried in an onslaught of noise from its surroundings.
		Deutsch devotes a large part of the disc to a tritone paradox illustrating how the brain can misinterpret movement of pitch up and down the scale.
	svconline.com /mag/avinstall_cd_review_auditory/index.html (747 words)

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