Development of the New Testament canon

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Topic: Development of the New Testament canon

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	Web Directory: Biblical Canon
		The Canon of the New Testament: Its Origin, Development, and Significance, by Bruce Metzger.
		Evangelicals and the Canon of the New Testament.
		Roger T. Beckwith, The Old Testament Canon of the New Testament Church and Its Background in Early Judaism (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1985).
	www.bible-researcher.com /links04.html (1780 words)

	from jesus to christ: the story of the storytellers: the emergence of the four gospel canon
		Sometimes when the New Testament scholarship discusses the matter of canon formation, the story implied is that there are some smoke filled rooms somewhere in the 2nd century and a bunch of these cigar smoking Christian big shots got together and they decided who was going in and who was going out and then...
		Even the gospels which we have in the canon of the New Testament are not of one mind, but really represent very different religious positions and very different images of Jesus.
		The process of the development of the canon; that is, the bible itself as the normative document in the way that we now have it, is really a product of the second and third century use of the gospels tradition.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/story/emergence.html (1780 words)

	New Testament - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Adolf Harnack in Origin of the New Testament[10], 1914, argued that the orthodox Church at this time was largely an Old Testament Church ("one that “follows the Testament of the Creator-God"") without a New Testament canon and that it gradually formulated its New Testament canon in response to the challenge posed by Marcion.
		Greek New Testament This is a Greek text of the New Testament, specifically the Westcott-Hort text from 1881, combined with the NA26/27 variants.
		The earliest of the books of the New Testament was 1 Thessalonians, an epistle of Paul, written probably 51, or possibly Galatians in 49 according to one of two theories of its writing.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/New_Testament (5712 words)

	Development of the Biblical Canon
		Marcion's "New Testament"--the first to be compiled--forces the mainstream Church to decide on a core canon: the four gospels and letters of Paul.
		AD 200 (the Muratorian Canon), the NT consists of the 4 gospels; Acts; 13 letters of Paul (Hebrews is not included); 3 of the 7 General Epistles (1-2 John and Jude); and also the Apocalypse of Peter.
		The earliest extant list of the books of the NT, in exactly the number and order in which we presently have them, is written by Athanasius, Bishop of Alexandria, in his Easter letter of 367.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/augustine/a/canon.html (454 words)

	The Development of the Canon of the New Testament - Home
		The collection of New Testament books took place gradually over many years by the pressure of various kinds of circumstances and influences, some external and others internal to the life of congregations.
		In view of the central importance that the New Testament has within Christianity, it is amazing that there is an absence of detailed accounts of such a significant process.
		This survey covers a small part of the huge body of New Testament studies --- how the Church selected certain writings as authoritative and separated them from a larger body of early Christian literature.
	www.ntcanon.org (397 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: The Muratorian Fragment and the Development of the Canon (Oxford Theological Monographs)
		The Muratorian Fragment, traditionally dated at the end of the second century, is by far the earliest known list of books of the New Testament.
		As a result, the decisive period of canonical history moves from the end of the second century into the midst of the fourth.
		It is therefore an important milestone in understanding the formation of the Christian canon of scriptures.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/ASIN/0198263414/thesign (397 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Canon of the New Testament
		Cyprian, whose Scriptural Canon certainly reflects the contents of the first Latin Bible, received all the books of the New Testament except Hebrews, II Peter, James, and Jude; however, there was already a strong inclination in his environment to admit II Peter as authentic.
		The final process of this Canon's development had been twofold: positive, in the permanent consecration of several writings which had long hovered on the line between canonical and apocryphal; and negative, by the definite elimination of certain privileged apocrypha that had enjoyed here and there a canonical or quasi-canonical standing.
		The Muratorian Canon or Fragment, composed in the Roman Church in the last quarter of the second century, is silent about Hebrews, James, II Peter; I Peter, indeed, is not mentioned, but must have been omitted by an oversight, since it was universally received at the time.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03274a.htm (5715 words)

	Bible
		Development of the Canon of the New Testament
		The Origin of the Hebrew and Christian Canons
		Experience the challenge of reconstructing an incomplete manuscript!
	www.biblicalheritage.org /Bible/bible.htm (5715 words)

	Bible and Tradition Apologetics Index Page
		Reply to a Protestant Counter-Response on Development of Doctrine (Particularly With Regard to the New Testament Canon and the Papacy) (Dave Armstrong vs.
		Reply Concerning the Canonicity of the So-Called "Apocrypha" (Dave Armstrong vs.
		The Canon of Scripture: Did the Catholic Church Create It Or Merely Authoritatively Acknowledge It?
	ic.net /~erasmus/ERASMUS3.HTM (2114 words)

	Development of Doctrine Apologetics Index Page
		Reply to a Protestant Counter-Response on Development of Doctrine (Particularly With Regard to the New Testament Canon and the Papacy) (Dave Armstrong vs.
		Dialogue on the Legitimacy of Catholic Development of Doctrine, With Reference to Vatican I, Vatican II, and the Catechism of the Catholic Church (Dave Armstrong vs. a Feeneyite and an SSPX sympathizer)
		Dialogue on Development of Doctrine and the Papacy (Phil Porvaznik vs. William Webster)
	ic.net /~erasmus/RAZ13.HTM (1279 words)

	Book Abbreviations
		[NT:CTT] The Canon of the New Testament: Its Origin, Development, and Significance, Bruce M. Metzger, Oxford:1987.
		[NT:NTDOTT] New Testament Development of Old Testament Themes, by F.F. Bruce, Eerdmans:1968.
		[DGNT] The Defense of the Gospel in the New Testament, F.F. Bruce, Eerdmans: 1977 (2nd ed.).
	www.christian-thinktank.com /bookabs.html (1279 words)

	The Oracles of God - Introduction
		Herbert Edward Ryle, The Canon of the Old Testament: An Essay on the Gradual Growth and Formation of the Hebrew Canon of Scripture.
		Ryle in his book The Canon of the Old Testament put forth the classic summary of this theory.
		McDonald, Formation, 30 "Ryle's only unreasonable proposal is his dating of the threefold development of the Hebrew Bible" and 49 "H. Ryle's theory that the three tiered OT canon gained recognition by the time when the so-called council of Jamnia met to discuss such matters has been challenged by a number of scholars.
	www.mtio.com /articles/bissar16.htm (1279 words)

	The Catholic Legate Articles
		Metzger: The Canon of the New Testament, page 160 and Hahneman: The Muratorian Fragment and the Development of the Canon, pages 91-92.
		Except for one known list of the second century (Muratorian fragment), it was only in the fourth century that they started defining the canon of the New Testament.
		Unfortunately, only few fragments (quoted in later books) survive today, from which we learn that he knew how the first two Gospels, Matthew and Mark were composed.
	www.catholic-legate.com /articles/w-word5.htm (1279 words)

	Christian History Corner: Breaking The Da Vinci Code - Christianity Today Magazine
		The Muratorian Canon bears striking resemblance to today's New Testament but includes two books, Revelation of Peter and Wisdom of Solomon, which were later excluded from the canon.
		While the ABC News feature focused on Brown's fascination with an alleged marriage between Jesus and Mary Magdalene, The Da Vinci Code contains many more (equally dubious) claims about Christianity's historic origins and theological development.
		Marcion argued that the Old Testament's God represented law and wrath while the New Testament's God, represented by Christ, exemplified love.
	www.christianitytoday.com /ct/2003/144/52.0.html (1279 words)

	Who decided what books got into the Bible?
		For a survey spanning the first four centuries of Christianity of which books were considered trustworthy see The Development of the Canon of the New Testament.
		There were various lists of a New Testament canon being made throughout the first centuries of the church's existence.
		The first church meeting to list the twenty-seven books of the New Testament was the Synod of Hippo in 393.
	www.new-life.net /faq000.htm (1279 words)

	PHOENIX SEMINARY Scholarship with a Shepherd's Heart
		This course is an inductive, exegetical study of the various chruches of the New Testament, such as the Palestinian and Roman churches, as well as the house churches of the Pauline mission.
		Surveys the Greek of most of the New Testament, providing the student an opportunity to work through the various dialects and styles of the authors.
		Special emphasis is placed on the theological significance of the purpose and message of the book for both Old and New Testaments and how to understand ancient prophecy and its relevance to today.
	www.phoenixseminary.edu /academics/coursedesc (1279 words)

	Friends in Jesus - International Forum: Rubrics in Codex Sinaiticus - One of Three Great Codices of The New Testament, Chris at 1/26/2000 03:51
		As an answer to: The Development of the Canon of the New Testament written by Chris at 26 Jan 2000 02:32:30:
		Rubrics in Codex Sinaiticus - One of Three Great Codices of The New Testament
		Friends in Jesus - International Forum: Rubrics in Codex Sinaiticus - One of Three Great Codices of The New Testament, Chris at 1/26/2000 03:51
	f12.parsimony.net /forum19633/messages/68.htm (1279 words)

	Friends in Jesus - International Forum: Rubrics in Codex Sinaiticus - One of Three Great Codices of The New Testament, Chris at 1/26/2000 03:51
		As an answer to: The Development of the Canon of the New Testament written by Chris at 26 Jan 2000 02:32:30:
		Rubrics in Codex Sinaiticus - One of Three Great Codices of The New Testament
		Friends in Jesus - International Forum: Rubrics in Codex Sinaiticus - One of Three Great Codices of The New Testament, Chris at 1/26/2000 03:51
	f12.parsimony.net /forum19633/messages/68.htm (137 words)

	Holy Cross Catologue 2000-2001
		Attention will be given to historical background and setting, literary genre, the development of the early church, history of the interpretation of texts, and basic issues of New Testament theology, together with their implications for the church's faith and life together.
		A seminar exploring issues in and approaches to the theology of New Testament writings, uses of the New Testament in constructive theology, and theological perspectives on the New Testament as scripture.
		Topics to be explored include: the quest for the historical Jesus, Jesus and Judaism, unity and diversity in the canon, the nature of biblical authority, and the relationship between the Testaments.
	www.oldcatholic.org /Seminary/HCTSCatolog.htm (2712 words)

	AddALL.com - Muratorian Fragment and the Development of the Canon
		As a substantial contribution to our understanding of the development of the New Testament Canon, this book will be of considerable importance and interest to New Testament scholars and historians of the early Church alike.
		The Muratorian Fragment, traditionally dated at the end of the second century, is the earliest known list of the books of the New Testament.
		The traditional date of the Fragment, however, was questioned in 1973 by Albert C. Sundberg, Jr., in an article of the Harvard Theological Review that has since been generally ignored or dismissed.
	www.addall.com /detail/0198263414.html (2712 words)

	Quodlibet Online Journal: An Attempt to Establish an Historically Accurate Definition of Typology
		This unity was traditionally understood to be established on the grounds of prophecy, typology, and a general agreement and development of doctrine found throughout the various authors of the canon.
		And yet the biblical typology thus far observed, with the exception of the allegorists, has undoubtedly emphasized the literal fulfillment of the Old Testament types in the incarnation or some other aspect of the New Testament event.
		Typological exegesis of the Old Testament is em p loyed by the earliest of Christian writers in the attempt to apply the historical narratives of national Israel to the Christian church.
	www.quodlibet.net /typology.shtml (8884 words)

	Christian History Handbook: Ancient: Lecture Eight
		(G. Hahneman, The Muratorian Fragment and the Development of the Canon, 1992) The document does list all the New Testament books except James, Hebrews, 1 and 2 Peter and 3 John.
		Another example is, perhaps, the portion of a letter describing the books accepted and rejected allegedly by the church in Rome (the so-called Muratorian canon) has survived.
		On the basis of the Muratorian Fragment he is often alleged to have been a brother of Bishop Pius I of Rome.
	www.sbuniv.edu /~hgallatin/ht3463le08.html (8884 words)

	Muratorian Fragment
		All would probably agree, however, that their work has stimulated fresh consideration of the development of the New Testament canon, to which the Muratorian Fragment is an important witness.
		The Muratorian Fragment is a portion of an early Christian document which contains a discussion of those books, now known as the New Testament, which were accepted by the churches known to the anonymous author of the fragment.
		The fragment begins with what is probably a mutilated reference to Mark, and Luke and John are then mentioned as the third and fourth gospels, respectively.
	rosetta.reltech.org /TC/extras/Muratorian.html (8884 words)

	An Introduction to the Old Testament: The Canon and Christian Imagination by Walter Brueggemann - 0664224121 : PDXBooks
		The development of scripture over time, Brueggemann states, is not a neutral academic process, but one in which formative processes and intentions have played a key role, but in which many of these underlying pieces have disappeared from historical view, and are generally absent from the direct text.
		Brueggemann has a clear and strong writing style, coupled with definite and innovative ideas about the development of the Hebrew Scriptures as they have come to us.
		I have been a fan of Walter Brueggemann, professor emeritus of biblical studies from Columbia Theological Seminary, since I encountered him through his text 'Theology of the Old Testament', which formed the basis of a course I took my first year in seminary.
	pdxbooks.com /compare/0664224121 (1034 words)

	Jewish Studies: Archived Courses
		Topics to be covered include: the beginnings of a Jewish identity in Palestine and the Diaspora, the development of the biblical canon, the beginnings of biblical interpretation, the practices surrounding the Temple, the sectarian forms of Judaism, and the question of coexistence with imperial authorities.
		The movement, and the course, offers methods of reading Hebrew Scripture (Tanakh), New Testament, and Qur'an in dialogue one with the other, and of tracing patterns of text-interpretation, philosophy, and theology that emerge from out of this dialogue.
		Designed to familiarize or re-familiarize the literary student with the shape, argument, rhetoric, and purposes of the canon; with the persons, events, and perspectives of the major narratives; and with theconventions, techniques, resources, and peculiarities of the texts.
	www.virginia.edu /jewishstudies/images/archive.html (14657 words)

	bible.html
		For a more detailed account of the New Testament's development, see the relevant section of Biblical canon.
		The textual tradition in the earliest printings of the Greek New Testament is called the ' Textus Receptus ' (Latin for 'received text'), and is largely Byzantine in character.
		This text was the main one known for centuries, until the discovery of manuscripts such as the Codex Sinaiticus and the Codex Vaticanus.
	www.informationgenius.com /encyclopedia/b/bi/bible.html (14657 words)

	Glossary
		The rule of faith crystallized in the creeds and, though the existing creeds may be later than the formation of the New Testament, in principle creed precedes Scripture, for it expresses the central affirmations of faith out of which Scripture arose and that therefore rightly interpret it.
		They date from about the time of Marcion, and scholars debate whether the ‘orthodox’ nt canon was more a reaction to Marcion or an independent development.
		367 does one encounter a canon identical to the modern one (in a ‘Festal Letter’ of Bishop Athanasius), and even thereafter the status of several books (e.g., Hebrews, Revelation, and 1 Clement) continued uncertain for some time.
	www.bibletexts.com /glossary/canon.htm (2604 words)

	Is The Bible In Our Hands The Same As During The Time Of Muhammad?
		A corollary heightens the force of the question: If no two manuscripts are alike, then no two collections of Gospels or Epistles are alike, and no two canons – no two "New Testaments" – are alike; therefore, are all canonical, or some, or only one?
		[17] E. Epp, " Issues In The Interrelation Of New Testament Textual Criticism And Canon ", in L. McDonald and J. Sanders (eds.), The Canon Debate, op.
		They are all irrelevant for textual criticism, at least for establishing the original form of the text and its development in the early centuries.
	www.islamic-awareness.org /Quran/MuhBible.html (2604 words)

	Apologetics - The Christian Arsenal
		The Development of the Canon of the New Testament - This survey covers a small part of the huge body of New Testament studies --- how the Church selected certain writings as authoritative and separated them from a larger body of early Christian literature.
		Answers in Action - Answers In Action is a dynamic non-profit religious organization training Christians to adopt and promote a Christian world view in every area of their lives.
		Walter Martin's Religious InfoNet - Providing answers to life's difficult questions and reasons for faith through the ministry of Dr. Walter Martin.
	www.christianarsenal.com /Apologetics.htm (2604 words)

	European Law: Philadelphia Rare Books
		• Ludovico Antonio Muratori (1672–1750) was a priest active in parish ministry, librarian to the Duke of Modena, and a brilliant scholar in many fields, best noted for his discovery of the oldest known canon, or list of books, of the New Testament (now known as the Muratorian Canon).
		Toro, a town in the province of Zamora, Spain, played an important role in the development of the kingdoms of Leon and Castile and the Reconquest but is best known for its laws, which went through several codifications and were thereafter used elsewhere as a model and precedent.
		Antonio Gómez was a professor of civil (i.e., Roman) law at Salamanca; the first edition of his commentary on the laws of Toro appeared in 1555, and the work was continuously reprinted internationally through the 18th century.
	www.prbm.com /interest/eurolaw-g-q.shtml (2383 words)

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