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	Wisconsin glaciation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Wisconsin (in North America), Weichsel (in Scandinavia), Devensian (in the British Isles), Midlandian (in Ireland) or WÃ¼rm glaciation (in the Alps) is the most recent period of the Ice Age, and ended some 10,000 Before Present (BP).
		The name Devensian glaciation is used by British geologists and archaeologists and refers to what is often popularly meant by the latest Ice Age.
		The latter part of the Devensian includes Pollen zones I-IV, the AllerÃ¸d and BÃ¸lling Oscillations and the Dryas climatic stages.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Devensian (774 words)

	[No title]
		In the early Devensian ice spread down into the Cheshire Plain from the northwest.
		Cool summers, averaging 10° C in July and severe winters typified The Devensian climate.
		The Devensian Glaciation ended gradually and unevenly as the climate ameliorated over a period of several thousand years.
	saturniancosmology.org /files/glaciers/devensian.txt (1646 words)

	The Glacial Record
		The Devensian cold stage and the Holocene temperate stage are primarily responsible for what the landscape of north of England looks like today.
		The end Devensian was marked with rapid climate fluctuation as a result of vegetation changes together with sediment accumulation in lakes.
		There are many aspects of the Devensian glacial record that ought to be considered if you wish to fully understand the nature of ice ages.
	freespace.virgin.net /craven.pendle/devensian/glacial_rec.htm (218 words)

	Untitled Document
		The Devensian Glaciation was the most recent glacial period.
		At that time Holt and Little Witley were on the southern limit of the ice sheet which was centered on the Irish Sea and joined with that from Scotland and thence the North Sea.
		All of the aforementioned animal species are likely to have occured in Holt and Little Witley at various times during the Devensian.
	www.phancocks.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /naturalhistory/devensian.htm (1822 words)

	Quaternary Palaeoenvironments Group (QPG) » Becky Briant
		The Nene and Welland rivers were both active throughout the Devensian Stage, with lower-energy deposition in the Early Devensian Substage (~50-115 ka) than in the later Middle and Late Devensian Substages (~11-50 ka).
		An significant hiatus in sedimentation during the Late Devensian appears to relate to decreased fluvial activity and increased permafrost development at the Last Glacial Maximum (~22 ka), particularly in the Welland valley.
		In addition, this is the first study of Devensian fluvial sediments in lowland Britain to use OSL dating in conjunction with radiocarbon and has allowed the reliability of each technique to be assessed.
	www-qpg.geog.cam.ac.uk /people/briant/thesis.html (411 words)

	Cairngorm earth science bibliography
		Late Devensian and early Flandrian pollen and macrofossil stratigraphy at Abernethy Forest, Inverness-shire.
		The Late Devensian ice sheet and glaciers in the Cairngorm Mountains.
		Late Devensian and Holocene palaeoecology and palaeoenvironments of the Morrone Birkwoods, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
	www.fettes.com /Cairngorms/bibiography.htm (2586 words)

	Revised Nomination of St Kilda for inclusion in the World Heritage Site List: page 17 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		However, with the exception of the last phases in the late Devensian (approximately 25,000 years and younger) there are few conclusive data constraining the ages of events.
		In Devensian (Weichselian) times (approximately 110,000 to 11,500 years ago), the balance of evidence suggests that St Kilda was not covered by glacial ice derived from the Outer Hebrides or Scottish mainland, though the limits of this ice sheet appear to have been close.
		It is probable that to the north and south of St Kilda, ice reached the shelf break in the early Devensian and possibly also in the late Devensian.
	www.scotland.gov.uk /library5/environment/rnsk-17.asp (993 words)

	Quaternary Palaeoenvironments Group (QPG) » Steve Boreham
		Little is known about the impact of Late Devensian (Weichselian) aridity on lowland British landscapes, largely because they lack the widespread coversand deposits of the adjacent continent.
		The concentration of large interformational ice-wedge casts in the upper part of many Devensian fluvial sequences suggests that fluvial activity may have decreased considerably during this time.
		It is suggested that aridity during the Late Devensian forced a significant decrease in fluvial activity compared with preceding and following periods, initiating a system with low peak flows and widespread permafrost development.
	www-qpg.geog.cam.ac.uk /people/boreham/papers/basten.html (269 words)

	Popweb: Filipendula ulmaria - Palaeoecology
		Filipendula pollen is present in significant percentages in both the early and middle Devensian, but reaches high frequencies during the Devensian Late Glacial period and the transition to the Holocene.
		ulmaria in the Late Devensian, however, supports that as the species responsible for Late Glacial Filipendula abundance, especially as Filipendula ulmaria is today an important component of the kind of tall herb vegetation communities which were typical under Late Glacial environmental conditions.
		Filipendula ulmaria is also regarded as a thermophilous plant and was abundant in the early tall herb stage of transitional vegetation succession towards shrub and tree cover at the start of the Holocene.
	www.geog.qmw.ac.uk /popweb/filipend/palaeo.htm (473 words)

	Untitled Document
		Derived mammal remains and human artefacts in gravels beneath the till at Welton-le-Wold could be as old as MOIS 15 (565,000-620,000 BP), so the Basement was deposit ed during one of the cold stages from MOIS 14 to MOIS 6.
		Late Devensian (MOIS 2) amino acid dates for marine shells from the Basement Till at Dimlington are explained by intrusion during subglacial disturbance of the till's upper layers by the Late Devensian glacier.
		As such they provide almost the only evidence for an Early Devensian glaciation in England, but until their relationship to Ipswichian deposits is clarified this status remains uncertain.
	www.fortunecity.com /greenfield/ecolodge/25/hgabs141p.htm (1722 words)

	Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		These surface deposits are entirely Late Devensian (TL ages of 10-25 ka), and their mineralogical compositions shows that they are mainly derived from glacial outwash deposits of the southern North Sea basin.
		An originally more extensive cover all Late Devensian loess was irregularly eroded by Late Devensian gelifluction and Holocene collaviation and fluvial activity; preservation on limestone surfaces is attributed to an earlier episode of secondary carbonate cementation.
		The Wolstonian loess is mineralogically different from the Devensian, but it has been more strongly weathered and its origin is uncertain.
	fadr.msu.ru /inqua/nl-archive/nl-12/abs5.html (269 words)

	A Late Devensian rock glacier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In this paper we describe a relict rock glacier on the south-facing flank of the Nantlle Valley, North Wales.
		The absence of surface collapse structures suggests that the rock glacier did not contain a large body of ice, which further implies that the ice which facilitated movement was periglacial in origin.
		At present, the absolute age of the rock glacier is not known, but it is considered more likely that it formed during the final stages of the Dimlington Stadial of the Devensian glaciation (Late Glacial Maximum), than during the Younger Dryas.
	boris.qub.ac.uk /ggg/papers/full/2001/rp012001/rp01.html (3987 words)

	Quatern: Q8a, Q8b, & Q9
		ADAM D.P. (1977) The ecological significance of 'halophytes' in the Devensian flora.
		BALLANTYNE C.K. (1984) The late Devensian periglaciation of upland Scotland.
		WEBB J.A. and P.D. MOORE (1982) The late Devensian vegetation of the Whitlaw Mosses, southeast Scotland.
	www.envf.port.ac.uk /geog/teaching/quatern/q8_q9ref.htm (2807 words)

	Scottish Geology - Loch Lomond Geomporphology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		However, the southern end of the loch is the type area for the Loch Lomond Stadial, a cold spell approximately 11,000 to 10,000 years ago that caused the readvancement of glaciers across western Scotland.
		Study of the landforms and sediments deposited in the area have allowed for the understanding of the evolution of palaeoclimatic changes during the Late Devensian and Holocene.
		Following the end of the last Late Devensian ice age (approximately 12,000 years ago), rising sea levels meant that the southern end of the loch was invaded by the sea.
	www.scottishgeology.com /classic_sites/locations/loch_lomond.html (355 words)

	Petes Eates
		This is not the case, in fact there were people present in Wales well before the Ice Age and indeed during it.
		Unfortunately, almost all evidence of earlier remnants of human activity would have been ground away by the tremendous erosive powers the ice sheets of the Devensian period.
		However a human tooth was found at the Pontnewydd cave near Llanelwy (St Asaph), it is the most north-westerly site of its period in Europe, and the only lower Palaeolithic site yet discovered in Wales.
	www.petes-eats.co.uk /static/history_06.asp (693 words)

	The Great Stour Project
		During the Devensian, the sea almost certainly abandoned the whole of the English Channel corresponding to a fall in sea level of least 100 metres.
		The retreat of the Devensian ice sheets resulted in a marine transgression with the sea level rising by over 100 metres in the last 14,000 years.
		Approximately 45 metres of this rise have been accomplished during the last 10,000 years, which is generally known as the Flandrian or postglacial transgression.
	www.naturegrid.org.uk /gtstour/pthorne/pt-geomorph.html (422 words)

	hall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Was all of Lewis glaciated in the Late Devensian?
		A preliminary report on the Late Devensian glaciomarine deposits at St. Fergus, Grampian Region.
		The age of tor surfaces in a classic landscape of selective linear glacial erosion: the Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland.
	www.st-andrews.ac.uk /schools/gg/html/ahall.htm (601 words)

	NERC Radiocarbon Laboratory - Publications
		Peacock, J. (2003) Late Devensian marine deposits (Errol Clay Formation) at the Gallowflat Claypit, eastern Scotland: new evidence for the timing of ice recession in the Tay Estuary.
		Peacock, J. (1995) Late Devensian to early Holocene palaeoenvironmental changes in the Viking Bank area, northern North Sea.
		Addison, K., and Edge, M. (1992) Early Devensian interstadial and glacigenic sediments in Gwynedd, North Wales.
	www.gla.ac.uk /nercrcl/publicat.htm (15985 words)

	Dr Rebecca Briant - Department of Geography - King's College London (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A second key strand is geochronology, particularly the application of the optically-stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating technique to fluvial sediments.
		Early work focussed on the response of lowland fluvial systems to rapid climate changes using as case studies the Rivers Nene and Welland (Fenland Basin) during the Devensian Stage (110-10,000 years ago).
		A key achievement of this research was the construction of catchment-scale sequences of fluvial activity during the period, giving greater understanding of dynamics of the entire basin.
	www.kcl.ac.uk /depsta/geog/staff/briant.html (501 words)

	Lynda Yorke
		My research interests include fluvial environmental change (both Pleistocene and Holocene histories), proglacial sedimentary environments and deglacial histories (Late Devensian), glacio-isostatic rebound and sea-level change in the UK and geoarchaeology of river valleys.
		The aims of my research are to elucidate the Quaternary and geomorphological context of the associated landforms in the Tyne valley, to reconstruct deglacial response and terrace development during the Late Devensian/early Holocene, and to develop a chronological framework.
		The identification and interpretation of Late Devensian landscape development in the Tyne Valley is an important and timely investigation.
	www.hull.ac.uk /geog/staff/Yorke.htm (379 words)

	jb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The inferred margin of (at least) the last great ice-mass (Late Devensian) at its maximum extent, cuts across the southern Yorkshire Dales, leaving evidence of glaciation in Wharfedale and Airedale, but suggesting that Calderdale (the most southerly of the Yorkshire Dales) remained ice-free.
		Climatic fluctuation during the late Pleistocene and the associated changes in spatial extent of the Late Devensian (and possibly previous) ice-masses, trap both organic and non-organic (dateable) deposits between glacially derived material allowing the spatial extent of the Late Devensian ice-mass to be placed in a chronological framework.
		Study of ice-marginal (both end and lateral) landforms can support evidence suggesting that the Late Devensian ice mass was relatively flat in profile, allowing elevated areas such as Rombalds (Ilkley) Moor to project through the ice as nunataks.
	www.geog.leeds.ac.uk /people/j.barber (493 words)

	Abstracts May 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		These properties are used to determine the environment of deposition and establish correlation with glaciogenic deposits elsewhere.
		Lithofacies B consists of >8 m of laminated sands, silts and clays that were formed in a proglacial lake created by the obstruction of the River Stiffkey when the Late Devensian (Dimlington Stadial) glaciation reached the north Norfolk coast.
		These sediments are covered by gravelly sands (Lithofacies C), which were deposited as an icemarginal river deposit as part of the Late Devensian end moraine-ridge complex.
	earth.leeds.ac.uk /ygs/proceedings/may2002/booth.htm (238 words)

	Lepe Beach, Hampshire - Geology of the Wessex Coast
		Lepe Beach is situated southeast of the New Forest and is the closest mainland coast to the Isle of Wight.
		There are exposures here of Devensian Gravel (Pleistocene) overlying, at one location, an Ipswhichian Interglacial deposit with elephant remains, and a lower and older gravel.
		In the last glacial phase which followed (the Devensian) sea-level fell once more; the English Channel was dry and new periglacial river gravel, the more widespread Upper Gravel was deposited over the interglacial deposits.
	www.soton.ac.uk /~imw/Lepe-Beach.htm (16531 words)

	Glasgow ePrints Service - Devensian Lateglacial environmental changes in Britain: a multi-proxy environmental record ...
		Devensian Lateglacial environmental changes in Britain: a multi-proxy environmental record from Llanilid, South Wales, UK Walker, M.J.C. and Coope, G.R. and Sheldrick, C. and Turney, C.S.M. and Lowe, J.J. and Blockley, S.P.E. and Harkness, D.D. (2003) Devensian Lateglacial environmental changes in Britain: a multi-proxy environmental record from Llanilid, South Wales, UK.
		A multi-proxy environmental record for the Devensian (Weichselian) Lateglacial and early Holocene periods, which includes pollen, plant macrofossil, coleopteran, geochemical and stable-isotope data, is described from a site at Llanilid, South Wales, UK.
		The geochronology of the sequence is derived from two age-depth models which show a broad measure of agreement over much of the profile.
	eprints.gla.ac.uk /archive/00000746 (462 words)

	Journal of the Geological Society: Glaciation and sea-level change for Ireland and the Irish Sea since Late ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		HARRIS, C. Glacial deposits at Wylfa Head, Anglesey, North Wales: evidence for Late Devensian deposition in a non-marine environment.
		A model for Devensian and Flandrian Glacial Rebound and Sea-Level Change in Scotland.
		Late Devensian and Holocene shorelines of the British Isles and North Sea from models of glacio-hydro-isostatic rebound.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3721/is_199611/ai_n8743782/pg_8 (737 words)

	Journal of the Geological Society: Deglacial chronology from County Donegal, Ireland: implications for deglaciation of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		HALL, A.M. A preliminary report on the late Devensian glaciomarine deposits around St. Fergus, Grampian Region.
		HAMBREY, M.J., DAVIES, J.R. Devensian glacigcnic sedimentation and landscape evolution in the Cardigan area of southwest Wales.
		PEACOCK, J.D. The Pre-Windermere Interstadial (Late Devensian) raised marine strata of eastern Scotland and their macrofauna: a review.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3721/is_200311/ai_n9342295/pg_5 (774 words)

	RIGS sites in East Yorkshire, U.K.
		Brandesburton Gravel Pits - Devensian sands and gravels.
		Kelsey Hill Gravel Pits (I and II) - late Devensian glacial outwash, yielding mammalian bones.
		Redcliff, North Ferriby - moraine and lacustrine sediments of Lake Humber, late Devensian.
	www.horne28.freeserve.co.uk /riglist.htm (1046 words)

	A thin section of Devensian/ Weichselian glaciomarine muds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A thin section of Devensian/ Weichselian glaciomarine muds, Southern North Sea.
		The large grain of gypsum has slightly deformed the underlying fine grained laminated muds.
		This photograph has been taken of an intraclast preserved within a heavily deformed subglacial till, dating to the Last Glacial Maximum in the North Sea Basin.
	www.brookes.ac.uk /schools/social/geog/carr/mud.html! (59 words)

	Dr
		My research focuses mainly on aspects of deglaciation during the late Devensian (20,000-10,000 BP).
		Sedimentological characteristics of Irish glaciolacustrine deposits: potential for a Late Devensian varve chronology
		Sedimentology of eskers and ice sheet characteristics during deglaciation
	www.egs.mmu.ac.uk /users/cdelaney/homepage.htm (288 words)

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