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Topic: Devensian Glaciation

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	Wisconsin glaciation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This glaciation is made of three glacial maximums (commonly called ice ages) separated by interglacial periods (such as the one we are living in).
		In the region of Bern it merged with the Aar glacier.
		Montane and piedmont glaciers formed the land by grinding away virtually all traces of the older Günz and Mindel glaciation, by depositing base moraines and terminal moraines of different retraction phases and loess deposits, and by the pro-glacial rivers' shifting and redepositing gravels.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wisconsin_glaciation (1145 words)

	Wisconsin glaciation -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The name Devensian glaciation is used by British (A specialist in geology) geologists and (An anthropologist who studies prehistoric people and their culture) archaeologists and refers to what is often popularly meant by the latest (Any period of time during which glaciers covered a large part of the earth's surface) Ice Age.
		It was the final glacial phase of the Pleistocene and its deposits have been found overlying material from the preceding (additional info and facts about Ipswichian interglacial) Ipswichian interglacial and lying beneath those from the following (additional info and facts about Flandrian) Flandrian stage of the (Approximately the last 10,000 years) Holocene.
		The Wisconsin or Wisconsinian was the last major advance of (A glacier that spreads out from a central mass of ice) continental glaciers in (A continent (the third largest) in the western hemisphere connected to South America by the Isthmus of Panama) North America.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/w/wi/wisconsin_glaciation.htm (795 words)

	Cairngorm earth science bibliography
		The glacial landforms of Glen Geusachan, Cairngorms: a reinterpretation.
		The glaciation of Moray and ice movements in the north of Scotland.
		A reinterpretation of hummocky moraine in the Cairngorms and the reconstruction of Loch Lomond Readvance glaciers.
	www.fettes.com /Cairngorms/bibiography.htm (2686 words)

	wiki/Weichsel glaciation Definition / wiki/Weichsel glaciation Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The term ice age An ice age is a period of long-term downturn in the temperature of Earth's climate, resulting in an expansion of the continental ice sheets, polar ice sheets and mountain glaciers ("glaciation").
		It was the final glacial phase of the Pleistocene and its deposits have been found overlying material from the preceding Ipswichian interglacialThe Eemian interglacial era (is analogous Sangamon era in North America, Ipswichian interglacial in UK, Riss-WÃ¼rm interglacial in the Alps) is the second-to-latest interglacial era of the Ice age.
		In its retreat, the Wisconsin glaciation left terminal morainesMoraine is the general term for debris of all sorts originally transported by glaciers or ice sheets that have since melted away.
	www.elresearch.com /wiki/Weichsel_glaciation (2547 words)

	Untitled Document
		At the height of the Pleistocene glaciations, ice-sheets spread across much of Europe, reaching their greatest extent and thickness in the maritime areas of northwestern Europe.
		Traditionally each of the glacial phases and interspersed interglacial periods was given a name, based on a ‘type’ site, where features typical of the period in question were first described.
		The glacial periods were often interspersed with ‘brief’ periods of ameliorated climate.
	www.phancocks.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /naturalhistory/overview.htm (541 words)

	The Glacial Record (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The end of the Devensian glaciation is characterised by climatic fluctuation and a great deal of sediment accumulation.
		There are many aspects of the Devensian glacial record that ought to be considered if you wish to fully understand the nature of ice ages.
		The numerous glacial events affecting northern England have left a significant impression on the landscape.
	www.kabrna.com /cpgs/devensian/glacial_rec.htm (275 words)

	Devensian Glaciation
		The Devensian Glaciation was the most recent glacial period.
		Fossil ice wedges and glacial till are exposed in a sandpit at Chelford.
		The Devensian Glaciation ended gradually and unevenly as the climate ameliorated over a period of several thousand years.
	www.phancocks.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /naturalhistory/devensian.htm (1989 words)

	Field Meeting 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Theme: To examine sedimentological and structural evidence of glacial re-advances of the Irish Sea ice stream during the latter stages of the Main Late Devensian ice sheet, and of contemporary sea levels.
		A sequence of glacial and deglacial events has been established recently in the Sellafield district of west Cumbria that is one of the most detailed for the last glacial-interglacial cycle onshore in Britain (Merritt and Auton, 2000, PYGS, 53, 129-154).
		Glaciers emerged again from the Lake District during the build-up of the main Late Devensian ice sheet, which appears to have reached its maximum extent early in the Late Devensian.
	earth.leeds.ac.uk /ygs/programme/year2003/field2003.htm (1315 words)

	Untitled Document
		Lewis Penny's main contribution to Yorkshire geology was to clarify the county's complex glacial history by studies of till lithology and the fossil remains in associated deposits.
		Late Devensian (MOIS 2) amino acid dates for marine shells from the Basement Till at Dimlington are explained by intrusion during subglacial disturbance of the till's upper layers by the Late Devensian glacier.
		Although the glacial stages may have on occasion featured glaciation per se it is likely that most of the British landscape during the cold stages was periglacial in character.
	www.fortunecity.com /greenfield/ecolodge/25/hgabs141p.htm (1706 words)

	Journal of the Geological Society: Estimating hydrogeological conditions over the last 120 ka: an example from the ...
		The area was glaciated several times during the Quaternary, most recently within the last 20 ka, and the changes caused by glacial processes could still be affecting the hydrogeological system (Heathcote 1997).
		Although the Nirex investigation of the Sellafield area is now concluded, the issue of glacially affected hydrogeology is relevant to a radioactive waste repository located anywhere in the UK, or in similar areas relative to glacial maximum ice sheets, even in areas outside those expected to be covered by the ice sheet.
		During the glacial maximum, large quantities of subglacially derived meltwater were predicted to have discharged through thick sand aquifers in some areas; in other areas the aquifer was unable to transmit the water, and tunnel valleys to convey the water were predicted to form at the ice-rock interface.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3721/is_200411/ai_n9462306 (1364 words)

	Wisconsin glaciation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Wisconsin (in North America), Weichsel (in Scandinavia), Devensian (in the British Isles) or Würm glaciation (in the Alps) is the most recent period of the Ice Age, and ended some 10,000 Before Present (BP).
		The term ice age refers to all periods of glaciation during the Pleistocene, from 2.5 million years ago to 10,000 BP.
		The Baltic Sea, with its unique brackish water, is a result of meltwater from the Weichsel glaciation combining with saltwater from the North Sea when the straits between Sweden and Denmark opened about 7,000 BP.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/W/Wisconsin-glaciation.htm (823 words)

	UW Cosmogenic Isotope Lab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Cosmic ray exposure ages of frost-weathered bedrock from mountain summits in the Outer Hebrides exceed the age of Late Devensian glaciation.
		Exposure ages of most glacially-abraded bedrock surfaces at low and intermediate elevations are younger than the age of maximum Late Devensian glaciation.
		A postglacial exposure age from the summit of Oreval (662 m) suggests that this mountain was overrun during the last glaciation, indicating thicker ice cover and a lower surface gradient west of the ice-cap divide than previously inferred.
	depts.washington.edu /cosmolab/pubs/OH05_abs.html (272 words)

	The Moine Thrust: Classic sites: Quinag
		It was once thought that Quinag, along with the other western Assynt hills, were over-run by ice during the most recent regional glaciation (Late Devensian).
		This would have happened as the ice retreated during the end of the Late Devensian glaciation.
		Melt-water from this retreat and the melting of the smaller Loch Lomond re-advance corrie glaciers have carved the ravines that carry the Unapool Burn today.
	earth.leeds.ac.uk /assyntgeology/classic/quinag (670 words)

	Journal of the Geological Society: Minch palaeo-ice stream, NW sector of the British-Irish Ice Sheet, The
		This ice stream drained the NW sector of the British-Irish Ice Sheet during the Late Devensian Glaciation (marine isotope stage 2) and terminated near the edge of the continental shelf.
		The architecture of the glacial succession indicates a general landward stacking (younging) of strata, which is borne out by several key British Geological Survey (BGS) boreholes located between the shelf edge and The Minch (Figs 1 and 2).
		In the mid-shelf region, borehole 77/8 penetrated a stacked succession of diamictons assigned a pre-Late Devensian (pre-MlS 2) age on the basis of amino-acid diagenesis and the erosional truncation of the interbedded proglacial sediments (Stoker et al.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3721/is_200505/ai_n13640508 (1360 words)

	2625: Glaciers and Glaciation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		“Glaciers are efficient agents of erosion and transport” (Skinner and Porter, 2000:323) - sandur plains are associated landforms resulting from glacier meltwater and deposition.
		Often located at former glacier terminus positions, they provide evidence of previous glacial limits.
		Thomas, G., Chester, D. + Crimes, P. The late Devensian glaciation of the eastern Lleyn Peninsula, North Wales: evidence for terrestrial depositional environments.
	www.brookes.ac.uk /schools/social/geog/2625/simon/tsld003.htm! (149 words)

	ballantyne (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Ballantyne, C.K. (1999) Maximum altitude of Late Devensian glaciation on the Isle of Mull and Isle of Jura.
		Ballantyne, C.K. (1999) A Late Devensian nunatak on the Knoydart Peninsula, NW Scotland: implications for ice-sheet reconstruction.
		Ballantyne, C.K. and McCarroll, D. (1997) Maximum altitude of Devensian glaciation on the Isle of Rhum.
	www.st-andrews.ac.uk /schools/geogeosci/html/ckb.html (648 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In the North Sea, the Quaternary epoch has not been regarded as particularly relevant to petroleum geology, although the Quaternary epoch was a period of giant ice sheets.
		The lithosphere underlying the Fennoscandian shield was depressed several 100 meters during the last glaciation (Weichselian/Devensian) followed by its current rebound.
		The overburden pressure from the ice sheets have been used in this paper to model not only the subsidence and uplift (rebound) but also the effects of the ice loading on sediment properties (compaction and pore fluid pressures).
	aapg.confex.com /aapg/no2000/techprogram/paper_3297.htm (240 words)

	CRU Information Sheet no. 6: The Holocene
		The Holocene is the most recent period in the geological record.
		It began at the time of the retreat of the ice sheets at the end of the last glaciation.
		The early Holocene extends from around 11 500 BP up to 5 000 BP, and was a period in which the climate became warmer and wetter.
	www.cru.uea.ac.uk /cru/info/holocene (615 words)

	Red Lady of Paviland
		Although now on the coast, at the time of the burial the cave would have been located approximately 70 miles inland, overlooking a plain.
		The ice sheet of the Devensian Glaciation would have been advancing towards the site, and the weather would have been more like that of present day Siberia, with maximum temperatures of perhaps 10°C in summer, -20° in winter, and a tundra vegetation.
		Bone protein analysis indicates that the "lady" lived on a diet that consisted of between 15% and 20% fish, which, together with the distance from the sea, suggests that the people may have been semi nomadic.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/red_lady_of_paviland (323 words)

	The geology of Brimham Rocks in Nidderdale
		The layering is inclined and dips in the direction the water was moving.
		Most of the rocks owe their bizarre shapes to erosion during and after the Devensian glaciation.
		For example, Idol Rock was most likely formed just after the last glaciation when the land lacked any plant cover.
	www.brimhamrocks.co.uk /geology.htm (212 words)

	Where Elephants Once Roamed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		What is interesting and unusual at Welton-le-Wold is the fact that there are 3 distinctly different tills, whereas it is generally accepted that only 2 land ice sheets can be recognised in Britain – the Anglian glaciation that occurred between 450,000 and 400,000 years ago and the Devensian glaciation between 70,000 and 12,000 years ago.
		Incidentally, the limit of the Devensian ice sheet was almost precisely where the road through Welton-le-Wold is now.
		We know this because Devensian till exists in the quarry faces to the east of the road, but are completely absent in the west.
	lincsheritage.org /htl/welton-le-wold (1148 words)

	physics - Wisconsin glaciation
		The Baltic Sea with its unique brackish water is a result of the meltwater from the Weichsel glaciation being combined with the saltwater of the North Sea when the straits between Sweden and Denmark opened about 7,000 BP.
		This is of importance for archeologists since a village that was coastal in the Stone Age now is not anymore.
		On Kelly's Island in Lake Erie and other parts of Ohio the scour marks left by these glaciers can be easily observed.
	physicsdaily.com /physics/Weichsel_glaciation (626 words)

	AJP99a: Modelling the Devensian glaciation of the UK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		AJP99a: Modelling the Devensian glaciation of the UK Modelling the Devensian glaciation of the United Kingdom
		The aim of this project is to apply a numerical ice-sheet model to the last glaciation of the U.K. from 120,000 years before present onwards.
		The study of former ice sheets can shed light on the severity of past climatic change as well as the stability of large ice masses in general.
	www.soton.ac.uk /~gsgeog/ajp99a.html (442 words)

	Anjana Khatwa: CV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The objective of this project is to compile a glacial geological map for the British Isles that will aid ice sheet reconstruction models.
		Using glacial geological maps from the BGS and observations recorded in the form of journal papers and memoirs, we compile these data into a GIS to create a unique map charting glacial deposits across the British Isles from the Devensian glaciation.
		I participated in courses that taught geomorphology, techniques in physical geography and glaciers and glaciation.
	www.es.ucsc.edu /~akhatwa/cvitae.html (530 words)

	Evidence for pre-Devensian glaciation in the northeastern Lake District (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Evidence for pre-Devensian glaciation in the northeastern Lake District
		Department of Humanities, Brighton Polytechnic, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9PH, UK In the northeastern English Lake District two major till units occur.
		I show here that, in the Yale of Threlkeld, this is not the case.
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v286/n5773/abs/286599a0.html (318 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Weichsel glaciation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This is an extract from The Middle East Open Encyclopedia, made possible through the Wikimedia Foundation.
		Iraq Museum International always displays the most recent published revision of the source article, Weichsel glaciation; all previous versions may be viewed here.
		They link directly to authoring tools for you to start writing a particular article.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Weichsel_glaciation (1277 words)

	Publications - UWS Department of Geography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		ERS SAR feature-tracking measurement of outlet glacier velocities on a regional scale in East Greenland Annals Of Glaciology, 36, 2003, 129 - 134 6.
		The initiation of glacier surging at Fridtjovbreen, Svalbard Annals of Glaciology, 36, 2003, 110- 116 7.
		Glacier surge mechanisms inferred from ground-penetrating radar: Kongsvegen, Svalbard, Journal of Glaciology, 49(167), 2003, 473-480.
	ralph.swan.ac.uk /publications.php (8168 words)

	Isle of Man 2004
		Devensian glacigenic environments and stratigraphy of the Isle of Man
		Late glacial and Holocene coastal and vegetation change in the Irish Sea basin
		Devensian glaciation and deglaciation of the Isle of Man
	qra.org.uk /AFM2004.htm (780 words)

	Edinburgh Research Archive : Item 1842/766
		The continental margin in the area west of Shetland was subjected to repeated and extensive ice sheet advances during the Late Pleistocene.
		Seabed imagery, seismic survey and borehole core data show the Late Devensian ice sheets expanded across the continental shelf three times, two of these advances reaching the shelf edge.
		On the inner shelf, where present-day water depths are generally less than 100m, only thin sediments from the last retreat phase and exposed rock surfaces remain, all other deposits from earlier phases having been removed by the last advance.
	hdl.handle.net /1842/766 (218 words)

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