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Device Independence Principles The general phrase "device independence" is used for this, although the access mechanisms may include a diversity of devices, user agents, channels, modalities, formats etc. W3C Device Independence Activity is on making the Web accessible anytime and anyhow, in particular by supporting many access mechanisms (including mobile and personal devices, that can provide access anytime) and many modes of use (including visual and auditory ones, that can provide access anyhow). Relevance to Device Independence: The presentation preferences of the user are part of the delivery context and may impact the generated presentation. www.w3.org /TR/2001/WD-di-princ-20010918   (8768 words)

A Device Independent Colour Specification for R The inconsistency of colour across devices is produced by the fact that the relationship between the specified intensity and the one actually produced is non-linear. The essence of the approach is to characterise the behaviour of each kind of colour display or hard-copy device (with a description called a colour profile) and to ensure that when images are transfered between devices that the appearance of colours does not change. It would be a relatively simple process to convert the present device dependent colour model in R to a device independent one. www.stat.auckland.ac.nz /~ihaka/R/color-proposal.html   (1373 words)

Linux Device Drivers, 2nd Edition: Chapter 1: An Introduction to Device Drivers A character (char) device is one that can be accessed as a stream of bytes (like a file); a char driver is in charge of implementing this behavior. As a device driver writer, you should be aware of situations in which some types of device access could adversely affect the system as a whole, and should provide adequate controls. For example, device operations that affect global resources (such as setting an interrupt line) or that could affect other users (such as setting a default block size on a tape drive) are usually only available to sufficiently privileged users, and this check must be made in the driver itself. www.xml.com /ldd/chapter/book/ch01.html   (5816 words)

Device Independent Authoring Position Paper   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09) Device Independence and Universal Design are (or ought be) inseparable twins. Many arguments for Device Independence are not centered on accessibility issues, but on general usability concerns. As we consider Device Independence we must, while having sympathy with the author (who must keep in mind the numerous browsers, display devices, translation probabilities and other not-yet-imagined variables to which her creation will be subjected), emphasize the attention that should always be focused on the semantics involved. www.dicomp.pair.com /pospap.htm   (779 words)

Switching device independent computer-telephone integration system - Patent 5655014 The method further includes receiving switching device independent commands from a system user to be communicated to the switching device and converting the switching device independent commands into switching device dependent commands for operating the switching device. The step of converting includes searching a library of telephone switching device dependent commands until a match for the received switching device dependent command is found in then converting that command into a switching device independent command associated with the switching device dependent command. The means for converting includes a library of telephone switching device dependent commands, for searching the library until a match for a received switching device dependent commands is found, and means for converting that command into a switching device independent command associated with the switching device dependent command for transmission to the means for processing. www.freepatentsonline.com /5655014.html   (7317 words)

Independent Master/Slave Device Timing The hard disk controllers integrated on modern chipsets all pretty much support independent timing, as do modern add-in controllers, but this was not always the case. Independent timing can be an issue if, for example, you upgrade an older PC and get a new, high-speed drive, but want to continue to be able to use the older one on the same channel with the new one. The lack of independent device timing on many older systems is one reason why placing ATAPI devices like CD-ROMs on the same channel as a fast hard disk is usually not recommended. www.storagereview.com /guide2000/ref/hdd/if/ide/confTiming.html   (431 words)

Device-Independent Bitmaps   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09) The color format of the device on which the rectangular image was created. The resolution of the device on which the rectangular image was created. The size of this array, in bits, is equivalent to the width of the rectangle, in pixels, multiplied by the height of the rectangle, in pixels, multiplied by the count of color bits for the device. msdn.microsoft.com /library/en-us/gdi/bitmaps_9c6r.asp?frame=true   (811 words)

System Software Generic Device Drivers   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09) This means that the device driver cannot leave any information on the user stack or in user space because that may not be accessible. The responsibility of this layer is to convert device independent calls into device dependent operations for the device controller. If a device is represented by a file in the file system, then there must be some way of knowing that in fact it is not an ordinary file. jan.netcomp.monash.edu.au /ProgrammingUnix/devices/lecture.html   (1246 words)

CSMN612 Device Manager Abstraction: The Device Manager part of the OS consists of a device independent part connected with device dependent parts associated with each device. An interrupt capable device driver is designed such that the top half does just enough to get the device controller started up and then relinquishes the processor to let another process make use of this unproductive polling time. The device and its controller will be designed to a standard that specifies not only the physical interface but also the syntax and semantics of the byte patterns being transmitted. polaris.umuc.edu /~jcook/csmn612/Session_DeviceManagement.htm   (2879 words)

ICWE05 - Workshop on Device Independent Web Engineering (DIWE05)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09) While the range of devices that are used to access the web continues to grow, web applications are often developed having a specific delivery context (incl. Based on the large variety of devices it is unreasonable to expect that a web application that has been developed for this configuration can be delivered in an acceptable way in another delivery context, such as other kinds of devices (e.g. Whereas last year, the Workshop on Device Independent Web Engineering tried to get a broad overview on the various aspects, this year the special focus of the workshop is on usability. www.myclipboard.net /icwe05   (849 words)

WebAIM: Creating Accessible JavaScript - JavaScript Event Handlers Using device dependent event handlers may cause the content to be inaccessible to someone that is not able to use the device that is required for that specific event handler. Although these event handlers are device independent and can be activated using the mouse, keyboard, or other device, the actions that are performed as a result of these event handlers must be analyzed to determine if they cause accessibility problems. Using multiple device dependent event handlers together as a method of implementing device independence requires a great deal of testing across different browsers and assistive technologies to ensure that accessibility is not limited in any way. www.webaim.org /techniques/javascript/eventhandlers   (2337 words)

Volume independent diagnostic device - Patent 4810470   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09) The method and device of the present invention is primarily directed at providing a constant sample loading of test sample per unit volume of a test reagent-containing bibulous matrix, and as a result, a truly volume independent diagnostic device. According to the method and device of the present invention, a small liquid sample, such as a pinprick amount, is sufficient for quantitative analyte determinations, as opposed to the relatively large volume test samples required in the typical dip-and-test method of analyte determination. Although a single matrix test device can be constructed as indicated, to achieve the full advantage of the present invention, the device is fabricated such that the test reagent is introduced in an assay area of the bibulous matrix spaced from the area of the bibulous matrix where the test sample is applied. www.freepatentsonline.com /4810470.html   (9487 words)

Device Independent UI adaptation The transformations that have to be applied for devices based on their characteristics can be simulated on the PC screen by displaying the end result in a browser window of appropriate size. A device information document will also be sent to the server which it will use for the transformation. This device specific XSLT would then be applied to the XML using a standard XSLT parser during transformation 2 to generate a device specific compound document which will not only contain the data but also user interface elements. www.caip.rutgers.edu /~jeffreyl/report1.html   (910 words)

WebChalkboard - A Device Independent Internet Today new devices are beginning to emerge which offer a connection to the Internet, for example mobile Internet devices, digital TV and even games consoles. In the future this device could be anything from a TV, to a mobile phone, to a PDA or even a toaster. It is the job of the device to translate the information it finds on the web and present it in an informative way to the user. www.webchalkboard.com /content/view/39/32   (1926 words)

D-Type: Why is D-Type Ideal For Device Independent Text Layout? (And Why is Windows GDI Not?) Most software developers who attempt to use Windows GDI for device independent text layout, sooner or later realize that the quality and legibility of their text is not great, especially at small sizes. When we say "device independent text" or "resolution independent text", we refer to text that is used in device independent or WYSIWYG text layout ("What You See Is What You Get"). In device independent text layout, all text formatting attributes (line breaks, justification, position of glyphs, kerning etc.) are independent of whether the text appears on the screen or in printed output. www.d-type.com /about/device.htm   (2094 words)

Technical Note PR02: Device-Independent Printing The Printing Manager was designed to give Macintosh applications a device- independent method of printing, but we have provided device-dependent information, such as the contents of the print record. Due to the large number of printer-type drivers becoming available (even for non-printer devices) device independence is more necessary than ever. To be compatible with future printer-like devices, it is essential that your application print in a device-independent manner. developer.apple.com /technotes/pr/pr_02.html   (311 words)

ONJava.com -- Are Device Independent Wireless Internet Applications Possible? In each of these cases, the technologies are copyrighted and licensed to device manufacturers (both handset and PDA vendors), and there are no open specifications or implementations of them. WAP is carrier and handset independent, meaning that any carrier can implement the specification and any handset manufacturer can implement the presentation technology inside a WAP browser. Network dropouts are inconsequential when the application can persist on the device, capable of caching newly entered data until a new connection is established. www.onjava.com /pub/a/onjava/2001/06/11/device_ind.html   (2047 words)

jkOnTheRun: SoulPad- device independent mobility Device independent mobile computing is an idea that has been chased for some time with current solutions being restricted to portable web browsing and email systems that can be contained entirely on a USB flash drive and the web environment taken from PC to PC bringing the user’s settings with them. IBM researchers have taken this to a whole new level with the introduction of the SoulPad, a system that let’s the mobile user take the entire work session with them to any computer and pick up their work where they left off. The significance is in the fact that no special software is needed on the host machine, you just plug in your portable storage device (an iPod is featured in the 14 MB demonstration video) and off you go. jkontherun.blogs.com /jkontherun/2005/08/soulpad_device_.html   (573 words)

Digestor: Device-Independent Access to the World Wide Web Device-specific authoring involves authoring a set of WWW pages for a particular display device, for example a cellular phone outfitted with a display and communications software such as the Nokia 9000. In multiple-device authoring, a range of target devices is identified, and mappings from a single source document to a set of rendered documents are defined to cover the devices within the range. The first thing that a user of Digestor will typically do is specify the size of display for their device, and indicate the size of their default browser font (this is needed in order to estimate the screen area requirements of text blocks). www.ra.ethz.ch /CDstore/www6/Technical/Paper177/Paper177.html   (3715 words)

DAPL Features Device-Independent Configuration All data acquisition devices must be able to cope with numerous configuration options, but every device is different. In an unintelligent solution, device operation is controlled by application code directly, using special driver functions to access device configuration and data registers. The direct match for the hardware means precise device control, but with severe hardware device dependency and timing problems. www.mstarlabs.com /software/dapl/consistent.html   (433 words)

device independent bitmap   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09) This allows any device dependent bitmap (DDB) image to be converted to or DIB format without loss of information, and this can then later be converted to other DDB formats for, e.g., printing or display. Transferring colour bitmaps from one device to another was not possible in versions of Microsoft Windows earlier than 3.0. Conversion between DIB and DDB is performed by the device driver. burks.bton.ac.uk /burks/foldoc/24/31.htm   (223 words)

Cover Pages: XML Markup Languages for User Interface Definition UsiXML supports device independance: a UI can be described in a way that remains autonomous with respect to the devices used in the interactions such as mouse, screen, keyboard, voice recognition system, etc. In case of need, a reference to a particular device can be incorporated. UsiXML supports platform independance: a UI can be described in a way that remains autonomous with respect to the various computing platforms, such as mobile phone, Pocket PC, Tablet PC, laptop, desktop, etc. In case of need, a reference to a particular computing platform can be incorporated... UsiXML supports modality independance: a UI can be described in a way that remains independent of any interaction modality such as graphical interaction, vocal interaction, 3D interaction, or haptics. xml.coverpages.org /userInterfaceXML.html   (8837 words)

Device independent - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A program or file is device independent when its function is universal on different types of device. For files, device independence means that software (or, theoretically, hardware) is in place that can interpret the file and allow the user to view or manipulate it. Good examples of cross-platform or device independent file formats are HTML and PDF, GIF and JPG. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Device_independent   (220 words)

Position paper for the W3C/WAP Workshop on the Web Device Independent Authoring This position paper outlines an approach for authoring once for the future Mobile Internet where information is expected to be accessible anytime, anywhere, through any device and where the user can at any given time select to use the device and modality best suited to his or her abilities and capabilities at that moment. Because of the increasing rate at which new devices are becoming available, the system must be able to adapt content for new devices that were not envisioned when the content was created. We believe that single authoring can be achieved by realizing that in addition to form and content there is a third component independent of the target channel, the interaction, that lies at the heart of turning static information presentations into interactive information. www.stephanemaes.com /smaes/download/2000/w3cwap_diaw_ibm.htm   (1655 words)

Webmonkey | Reference: Glossary A program or application that will work on any peripheral devices within a certain protocol is considered device independent. Dialing a telephone number is a simple example of a device-independent action -- all telephones operate under the same protocol, so no matter what brand of telephone you use, you can always phone home. Device independence ensures that all Internet-enabled devices -- everything from a Sony Playstation to a Web-surfing clock radio -- will be able to communicate with each other in the future. www.webmonkey.com /glossary/deviceindependent.html   (83 words)

The dark days are over -I now have my device Independent, The (London) - Find Articles Independent, The (London), Apr 24, 2006 by SIMON CARR The story so far: the author has sold his house to finance a manufacturing project in the hope of making a small fortune to finance hisoldage... It was always going to be useful but it has revealed itself as a therapeutic device more active than Valium. www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20060424/ai_n16219343   (515 words)

Device Independence Activity device that can access the Web has grown from a small number with essentially the same core capabilities to many hundreds with a wide variety of different capabilities. The mission of the Device Independence Activity is to avoid fragmentation of the Web into spaces that are accessible only from subsets of devices. The Device Independence Working Group (member only link) is open to W3C members and invited experts. www.w3.org /2001/di   (1230 words)

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