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Topic: Devonian period

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Late Devonian extinction

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	Devonian system - LoveToKnow 1911
		Devonian rocks have been detected among the crumpled rocks of the Styrian Alps by means of the evidence of abundant corals, cephalopods, gasteropods, lamellibranchs and other organic remains.
		It is evident that the geographical conditions of the Russian area during the Devonian period must have closely resembled those of the Rhine basin and central England during the Triassic period.
		Anthracite of Devonian age is found in China and a little coal in Germany, while the Upper Devonian is the chief source of oil and gas of western Pennsylvania and south-western New York.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Devonian_system (5625 words)

	Palaeos Paleozoic: Devonian: The Devonian Period - 2
		The warm tropical oceans of the Devonian period abound in fish, nautiloids, corals, echinoderms, trilobites, and conodonts.
		The Devonian saw the rapid evolution diversification of fish, especially the Placodermi, primitive sharks, Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish and lungfish) and Actinopterygii (conventional bony fish or ray-finned fish).
		The Devonian Period was, for plants, a sort of Cambrian explosion.
	www.palaeos.com /Paleozoic/Devonian/Devonian.2.htm (1667 words)

	AllRefer.com - Devonian period (Geology And Oceanography) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Devonian period in Europe was marked by considerable volcanic activity and the deposition of two great rock systems: the marine formation of Devonshire, the Rhine valley, and Russia; and the Old Red Sandstone.
		Common invertebrates of the Devonian were crinoids, starfishes, sponges, and early ammonites; trilobites and graptolites became scarcer.
		Of land animals, the chief vestige is the footprint of a primitive salamanderlike amphibian in the Upper Devonian of Pennsylvania.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/D/Devonian.html (438 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Devonian follows the Silurian period and precedes the Mississippian subperiod of the Carboniferous.
		As with most older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the start and end are well identified, but the exact dates of the end of the period is uncertain by 5-15 million years.
		The Devonian was called the “greenhouse age.” Widespread reefs indicated that the climate was mild and warm, as well as generally dry.
	www.informationgenius.com /encyclopedia/d/de/devonian_period.html (281 words)

	The Devonian Period
		As with most older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the start and end are well identified, but the exact dates of the end of the period is uncertain by 5-15 million years.
		The Devonian was called the “greenhouse age.” Widespread reefs indicated that the climate was mild and warm, as well as generally dry.
		The main contributors of the Devonian reefs were unlike modern reefs that are constructed by corals and calcareous algae: calcareous algae and coral-like stromatoporoids, and tabulate and rugose corals, in that order of importance.
	www.petoskeystones.com /devonian.php (577 words)

	Life of the Devonian
		The Devonian seas were dominated by brachiopods, such as the spiriferids, and by tabulate and rugose corals, which built large bioherms, or reefs, in shallow waters.
		By the Devonian Period, life was well underway in its colonization of the land.
		Devonian, in The Ecology of Fossils, W.S.McKerrow, ed.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /devonian/devlife.html (453 words)

	Devonian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The main contributors of the Devonian reefs were unlike modern reefs that are constructed by corals and calcareous algae: calcareous algae and coral-like stromatoporoids, and tabulate and rugose corals, in that order of importance.
		On land, the bacterial and algal mats were joined early in the period by low spreading primitive plants that created the first recognizable soils and harbored some arthropods like mites and scorpions and myriapods.
		The 'greening' of the continents acted as a carbon dioxide sink, and atmospheric levels of this greenhouse gas may have dropped, cooling the climate and leading to a massive extinction event.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/devonian (631 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Devonian [EncycloZine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Template:Paleozoic The Devonian is a major division of the geologic timescale that extends from the end of the Silurian period (360 million years ago (mya)) to the beginning of the Mississippian subperiod of the Carboniferous (408.5 mya).
		The main contributors of the Devonian reefs were unlike modern reefs, which are constructed mainly by corals and calcareous algae.
		The bacterial and algal mats were joined early in the period by primitive plants that created the first recognizable soils and harbored some arthropods like mites, scorpions and myriapods.
	encyclozine.com /Devonian (746 words)

	The Devonian Period of the Paleozoic Era
		During the Devonian, there were three major continental masses: North America and Europe sat together near the equator, much of their current land underneath seas.
		For much of the Devonian, large areas of North America and Europe, and smaller parts of Africa, South America, and Australia were covered by seas, which withdrew during the end of the period.
		Insects appeared during the middle of the period and were common by the end of the period.
	www.science501.com /PTDevonian.html (807 words)

	Devonian Period
		The Devonian was proposed by Roderick I. Murchison and Adam Sedgewick in 1840.
		The base of the Devonian is defined immediately at the first appearance of the graptolite species Monograptus uniformis in the rhythmically alterating limestones and calcareous shales of ‘Bed 20’ in the Klonk Section, which is located about 35km southwest of Prague, near the village of Suchomasty, in the Czech Republic.
		The youngest Devonian and earliest Carboniferous beds are characterized by a sequence of predominantly biodetrital oolitic limestone within a pelagic matrix of shale and cephalopod bearing calcilutites.
	www.peripatus.gen.nz /paleontology/Devonian.html (1266 words)

	Devonian Period (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		From the Middle Devonian on, the province was in one piece and had a similar geological history continuing to the present day.
		The orogeny was nearing its completion in the Middle Devonian, with folding and metamorphism of most rocks in Nova Scotia.
		After the Appalachian Mountains were formed, there was a period of relaxation in which the Earth's crust attempted to regain its equilibrium.
	museum.gov.ns.ca /fossils/geol/devo.htm (454 words)

	Pengelly Trust, Museum Page. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		During The Devonian Period 350-400 million years ago the southern land mass of England as we know it today then formed the bed of a large sea - the Devonian Sea, which stretched from Devon and Cornwall to the Ardennes in France.
		The Northern shoreline of the Devonian Sea was located near the present day Bristol Channel and the land-mass to the north, named the Old Red Sandstone Continent, was desert-like in appearance with a limited animal and plant life.
		The rocks of this land mass were eroded away and the debris carried by rivers to form the bed of the Devonian Sea.
	www.pengellytrust.org /museum/devonian.htm (373 words)

	Palaeos Paleozoic: Devonian: The Devonian Period - 1
		Historically, the Devonian has been regarded as largely warm and equable, with a disastrous drop in temperatures in the Late Devonian leading to the Frasnian-Famennian "mass extinction(s)." The reason for this impression may be that most work was traditionally done on the "Old Red Continent," i.e.
		The climate of the Early Devonian is rather strongly zonal, with a narrow equatorial tropical belt, broad subtropical arid zones extending to about 35° latitude, and a temperate zones extending essentially to the poles.
		The plant assemblage itself is interesting for the Early Devonian in that its members are not recognized or recorded elsewhere in Euramerica.
	www.palaeos.com /Paleozoic/Devonian/Devonian.htm (1694 words)

	The Devonian Period: The Age of Fish
		During the Devonian there were important changes in the land masses on the globe.
		The Devonian Period is known as the Age of Fishes.
		During the Devonian Period, there were huge swings of floods and drought.
	www.fossils-facts-and-finds.com /devonian_period.html (852 words)

	HotBot Web Search for devonian
		By the Devonian the early Paleozoic oceans were closing, forming a "pre-Pangea".
		The Devonian period lasted from 410 million years ago (mya) to 360 mya and is divided into the smaller time epochs listed below.
		Devonian Fossil Gorge is the result of the prolonged overflow of the Coralville Reservoir Spillway between July 5 and August 2, 1993.
	www.hotbot.com /inderelated4index.php?query=devonian (272 words)

	Paleontology and Geology Glossary: De
		The Death Star Theory refers to the fact that mass extinctions are periodic, and may be caused by the Earth's passing through a cloud of comets (the Oort cloud) every 26 million years.
		The Devonian Period is sometimes called the "Age of Fishes" because fish became adundant and diverse during this time, 408 to 360 million years ago (mya).
		Towards the end of this period was a mass extinction (345 mya) that wiped out 30% of all animal families); it was probably caused by glaciation or meteorite impact.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/dinosaurs/glossary/indexde.shtml (1221 words)

	Evolution: Change: Deep Time
		Intense reef building activity in shallow-water habitats indicates that the Devonian climate is, on the whole, warm and stable.
		During the Devonian period, survivors from the late Ordovician extinction steadily recover.
		For example, many shallow-water and reef-dwelling species probably died off in the Devonian because they (or their habitats) were more sensitive to changes in ocean chemistry or temperature than surviving animals that lived in deeper waters.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/evolution/change/deeptime/devonian.html (903 words)

	Devonian Period \| World of Earth Science
		The Early Devonian Epoch is the most ancient, followed in sequence by the Middle Devonian Epoch, and the Late Devonian Epoch.
		Differentiated by fossil remains and continental movements, the Silurian Period preceded the Devonian Period.
		The fossil record indicates that it was during the Devonian Period (also termed the "Age of Fishes"; because of the appearance of sharks and bony fishes) that amphibians and more terrestrial (land based) vertebrates evolved.
	www.bookrags.com /research/devonian-period-woes-01 (518 words)

	Devonian Period--Lobefins, Lungfish, Amphibians, and Tetrapod Evolution , Educational Resources for K-16
		Technical summary of the evolution of terrestrial vertebrates with an introduction, classification, characterization, information on the evolution of limbs, and a cladogram from which you can pick specific taxon.
		More information about this intriguing fossil and its relation to other Devonian tetrapods can be found at the Evolution of Tetrapods and the Closing of Romer's Gap.
		Contains a nice cladogram with illustrations of known fossil pectoral fins and limbs with digits for the Devonian transition from fish to amphibians, as well as good issllustrations of shoulder girdles comparisons and humeri comparisons (which are sometimes unfortunately forgotten in K-16 discussions of the fish to amphibian transition).
	www.uky.edu /KGS/education/Devonian.html (492 words)

	The Devonian
		The Rhynie Chert in Scotland is a Devonian age deposit containing fossils of both Zosterophyllophytes and Trimerophytes, the two major lines of vascular plants.
		This indicates that prior to the start of the Devonian, the first major radiations of the plants had already happened.
		The Devonian Period is part of the Paleozoic Era.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /devonian/devonian.html (323 words)

	The Devonian Period
		began their evolution in Devonian lakes and streams (freshwater) and then spread to the sea.
		This is an important group of lobe-finned fish because it gave rise to the amphibians during the Devonian.
		Many of the armored fish became extinct at the end of the Devonian.
	www.gpc.edu /~pgore/geology/geo102/devonian.htm (321 words)

	Devonian Period
		There was an uplift in the geology of northwestern Europe, causing many sandstone deposits.
		The period is known as the age of the fishes, because of the abundant fish fossils that have been found from this time.
		Fish had become adapted to fresh water as well as salt water, for the first time in history.
	library.thinkquest.org /20886/devonian.htm (85 words)

	Richard Cloutier
		Devonian plants and fishes of the Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec and northern New Brunswick.
		Vertebral development in the Devonian sarcopterygian fish Eusthenopteron foordi and the polarity of vertebral evolution in non-amniote tetrapods.
		The oldest articulated chondrichthyan from the Early Devonian period.
	www.fishlarvae.com /scientists/theguys.asp?SID=65 (842 words)

	AllRefer.com - Devonian period Information
		Period of geological time 408–360 million years ago, the fourth period of the Palaeozoic era.
		The first land plants flourished in the Devonian period, corals were abundant in the seas, amphibians evolved from air-breathing fish, and insects developed on land.
		The name comes from the county of Devon in southwest England, where Devonian rocks were first studied.
	www.allrefer.com /devonian-period (138 words)

	Devonian Times - Opportunity Knocked
		The Devonian Period (410 to 356 million years ago) has been traditionally refered to as the "Age of Fishes." This appelation is appropriate given the dramatic evolutionary changes in all of the major "fish" lineages during this period.
		These and other early plants, which are referred to as the rhyniophytes, diversify from the late Silurian through the Middle Devonian into the two major trachaeophyte clades: lycophytes (barinophytes, zosterophyllophytes and lycopsids) and euphyllophytes (trimerophytes, ferns, sphenopsids, progymnosperms, and seed plants).
		By the Late Devonian, trachaeophytes expanded inland to form extensive marshes and extended upstream to form floodplain forests dominated by large trees.
	www.devoniantimes.org /opportunity/opportunity.html (613 words)

	Dinosaur Garden Plants
		Many of the plants that lived during the age of the dinosaurs, the Mesozoic Era, which includes the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods, are alive today and are scattered about the globe.
		may be a living cousin or ancestor of the extinct seed ferns of the Carboniferous period.
		Most of the 70.7% to 72.5% indigenous New Caledonia vascular plants are from the late Cretaceous period.
	www.dinosaurgardenplants.com (431 words)

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