
	Where results make sense

Topic: Dextrorphan

Related Topics

Dextromethorphan

Columbine High School massacre

Winnipeg, Manitoba

In the News (Mon 21 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	UGA Physiology and Pharmacology \| Faculty and Research \| Thomas F. Murray
		In the area of drug abuse research we are utilizing dextrorphan as a novel radioligand probe for phencyclidine (PCP) receptors.
		Dextrorphan shares with PCP and ketamine the ability to act as a non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the central nervous system.
		Notwithstanding the commonalities of action of dextrorphan and PCP, the mechanism of dextrorphan interaction with the ion channel domain in the NMDA receptor appears distinctive.
	www.vet.uga.edu /vph/murray.html (244 words)

	Convenience-Store High: How Ordinary Cough Medicine is Being Abused for its Mind-Altering Effects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Dextrorphan, by contrast, is a metabolite, or bodily derivative, that the body creates as it processes DXM.
		Chemically and structurally, DXM is related to the opiates, particularly codeine, and it is active at sigma-type opiate receptors in the body.
		However it is Dextrorphan, said Dr. Miller, that carries the real punch and that may cause addiction.
	www.health.org /newsroom/rep/170.aspx (2123 words)

	Novel Single-Point Plasma or Saliva Dextromethorphan Method for Determining CYP2D6 Activity -- Hu et al. 285 (3): 955 ...
		in plasma, saliva and urine with dextromethorphan and dextrorphan
		dextrorphan was the sum of conjugated and unconjugated dextrorphan.
		Lam YWF and Rodriquez SY (1993) HPLC determination of dextromethorphan and dextrorphan for oxidation phenotyping by fluorescence and ultraviolet detection.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/285/3/955 (3470 words)

	Pharmacy Technician Continuing Education Dextromethorphan Efficacy, Safety, Abuse Potential, and Investigational Uses
		Dextrorphan is an active metabolite with anticonvulsant, sedative, and antitussive properties and an affinity for the phencyclidine (PCP) site of the ligand-gated channel of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex.
		In 1995, it was reported that dextromethorphan and dextrorphan concentrations after ingesting dextromethorphan varied between individuals due to the genetic polymorphisms of the CYP2D6 enzyme.
		In 1998 a study was conductd in six volunteers showing that poor metabolizers (PMs) of DM could barely tolerate 3mg/kg while extensive metabolizers (EMs) tolerated 3mg/kg and increased their doses from 4.5mg/kg to 6.0mg/kg.
	www.continuingeducation.com /pharmtech/dextromethorphan/Abuse.html (660 words)

	Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Antagonist Dextrorphan in Patients With Acute ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The goal of this study was not to evaluate the efficacy of dextrorphan, and
		Dextrorphan and dextromethorphan attenuate hypoxic injury in neuronal culture.
		A dose response study of dextrorphan in permanent focal ischemia.
	stroke.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/26/2/254 (2920 words)

	Levorphanol and Racemorphan Synthesis by DopaMan
		That is, it is an equal mixture of two optical isomers, one of which is the highly potent opioid levorphanol, and the other the compound dextrorphan, which is dissociative in higher doses, and resembles ketamine in it's actions.
		Dextrorphan is just like dextromethorphan, the over-the-counter cough suppressant, used also as a dissociative, but without a methyl (ether) group at the phenolic hydroxyl.
		The dextrorphan may also be saved, and made into the hydrobromide salt for use as a ketamine-like dissociative and psychotomimetic, at much higher doses than those at which racemorphan is active at as an opioid analgesic.
	www.erowid.org /archive/rhodium/chemistry/levorphanol.html (2758 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Choi DW (1987) Dextrorphan and dextromethorphan attenuate glutamate neurotoxicity.
		Wong BY, Coulter DA, Choi DW, Prince DA (1988) Dextrorphan and dextromethorphan, common antitussives, are antiepileptic and antagonize NMDA in brain slices.
		Rokkas CK, Helfrich LR, Lobner DC, Choi DW, Kouchoukos NT (1994) Dextrorphan inhibits the release of excitatory amino acids during spinal cord ischemia.
	www.hoamprize.org /english/prize/medalist/97_m_cwk_booklist.htm (3628 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR Dextromethorphan is metabolized to an active metabolite, dextrorphan, by CYP2D6 in humans or CYP2D1 in rats.
		It is unclear whether the discriminative stimulus properties of dextromethorphan are produced by dextromethorphan or dextrorphan.
		In the current study, female dark Agouti rats (n = 6), which genetically lack the activity of CYP2D1, were trained to discriminate dextromethorphan (i.p., 18 mg/kg) from saline in a 2-lever operant chamber under a fixed ratio 15 schedule of food reinforcement.
	www.cpdd.vcu.edu /98abs/sun.html (194 words)

	Dextromethorphan (PIM 179) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It is metabolized in the liver by extensive metabolizers to dextrorphan.
		Dextrorphan is itself an active antitussive compound (Baselt & Cravey, 1982).
		The antitussive effects of dextromethorphan and the metabolite dextrorphan are secondary to binding in the CNS at non-opioid receptors.
	www.inchem.org /documents/pims/pharm/pim179.htm (4517 words)

	Mu Opioid Agonists Potentiate Amphetamine- and Cocaine-Induced Rotational Behavior in the Rat -- Kimmel and Holtzman ...
		methadone, and dextrorphan, the non-opioid isomer of levorphanol,
		All of the mu opioid agonists and dextrorphan increased
		Sun, F.-Y., Zhu, H., Zhang, L.-M., Xu, X.-R. and Zhang, A.-Z.: Dextrorphan: an antagonist for phencyclidine receptor.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/282/2/734 (6027 words)

	SUNY Upstate Medical University: Department of Laboratory Animal Resources: Policies, Guidelines and Regulations
		Although these drugs have shown activity against glutamate in cultured cells, they have never been tested to see if they can prevent the damage to the spinal cord seen with surgery on the aorta.
		We propose to study the effectiveness of one of these drugs, dextrorphan, on the protecting the spinal cord in a rabbit model.
		The rabbit is an excellent model for simulating aortic operations and the paraplegia associated with these operations.
	www.upstate.edu /dlar/chua/sample.php (1392 words)

	DHEA, antibiotics, Weight Loss drugs, weight loss herbs, weight loss herbal formula, hair loss, hair growth, buy Rx ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Prenatal administration of levorphanol or dextrorphan to the rat: analgesic effect of morphine in the offspring.
		We have recently demonstrated that prenatal administration of morphine to the rat results in tolerance to the analgesic effects of morphine in the offspring at 3 to 11 weeks of age.
		Diminished analgesic activity of morphine in the offspring of levorphanol-treated females compared to the offspring of females that had received dextrorphan or saline was still observed even when the offspring were rendered tolerant to morphine by daily drug injections over a period of 5 days.
	twinpharm.com /ref-analgesic/analgesic-research-abs4.241.html (1072 words)

	CNS: The Excitotoxin Hypothesis: Therapeutic Considerations In Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
		In the case of dextromethorphan, cytochrome P-450dbi is responsible for the 0-demethylation of this probe to dextrorphan (Fig.
		Following absorption, the drug is oxidized by the cytochrome oxidase system to dextrorphan and conjugated to glucuronide (see Fig.
		Both dextromethorphan and dextrorphan are potent NMDA antagonists, but once conjugated to glucuronide, dextrorphan would not be expected to cross the blood brain barrier.
	www.cnsonline.org /www/archive/smith/smith-07.html (2854 words)

	The Dextromethorphan FAQ: General Information about DXM
		Dextromethorphan polistirex may be more toxic than the hydrobromide version, possibly due to buildup of DXM in the bloodstream (146).
		Dextrorphan is a metabolite of DXM (i.e., the body converts DXM to dextrorphan).
		Cytochrome P450-2D6, or debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase, is a liver enzyme which converts DXM into dextrorphan, and is extensively involved in the metabolism of other drugs.
	www.lycaeum.org /drugs.old/synthetics/dxm/faq/generali.html (6146 words)

	Erowid DXM Vaults : Chemistry : Synthesis Problems with the Conversion of Dextromethorphan (DXM) to Dextrorphan (DXO), ...
		Converting DXM (dextromethorphan) to DXO (dextrorphan), involves the cleavage of an aryl-alkyl ether to produce a phenol (and another product).
		"Synthesis of the target compounds 5-9 began with 2 [Dextrorphan], which was prepared by a standard O-demethylation of 1 [Dextromethorphan] (Sigma Chemical Co.) with 48% HBr, in quantitative yield." (Newman et al., 1992)
		So both citric acid, which is a relatively weak acid, and HCl which is a strong acid fail to cleave the ether to produce DXO from DXM.
	www.erowid.org /chemicals/dxm/dxm_chemistry1.shtml (1067 words)

	PharmPK Discussion List Archive - PK1998050.html - 1998
		If you are using a chromatographic method to measure dextrorphan, you do not
		dextrorphan although it is a controlled substance in the US.
		Dextrorphan D-tartrate is commercially available from RBI in USA.
	www.boomer.org /pkin/PK98/PK1998050.html (255 words)

	Ritalin Legal Status. Ritalin Information Facts. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Opium and opiate, and any salt, compound, derivative, or preparation of opium or opiate excluding apomorphine, thebaine-derived butorphanol, dextrorphan, nalbuphine, nalmefene, naloxone, and naltrexone, and their respective salts, but including the following:
		Any salt, compound, derivative, or preparation thereof which is chemically equivalent or identical with any of the substances referred to in paragraph (b) (1) of this section, except that these substances shall not include the isoquinoline alkaloids of opium.
		Concentrate of poppy straw (the crude extract of poppy straw in either liquid, solid or powder form which contains the phenanthrene alkaloids of the opium poppy), 9670.
	www.ritalinsources.com /Ritalin-Legal-Status.htm (334 words)

	2004 FDA Science Forum Poster Abstract: E-63 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Dextromethorphan to dextrorphan urinary metabolic ratio not sensitive enough to assess modest changes in CYP2D6 activity
		Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD The ability of the dextromethorphan (DTM) to dextrorphan (DT) urinary metabolic ratio (UMR) to detect subtle changes in CYP2D6 activity is not well defined.
		The limitations of the DTM/DT UMR should be taken into account when modest effect sizes are expected.
	vm.cfsan.fda.gov /~frf/forum04/E-63.htm (287 words)

	Pharmacy Update, November/December 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		For example, if an investigator wanted to evaluate the effect of fluoxetine on the CYP2D6 pathway, subjects might be given a dose of dextromethorphan.
		Urine would be collected and the ratio of metabolite (dextrorphan) to parent drug would be measured.
		Subjects would then receive either a single dose or steady-state dosing of fluoxetine,after which the dextromethorphan phenotyping study would be repeated.
	www.cc.nih.gov /phar/updates/page8-novdec01.html (458 words)

	An Improved LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantitation of Dextromethorphan and Its Metabolites Dextrorphan, ...
		An Improved LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantitation of Dextromethorphan and Its Metabolites Dextrorphan, 3-Methoxymorphinan and 3-Hydroxymorphinan in Human Urine
		Its metabolites in humans include dextrorphan, 3-methoxymorphinanand 3-hydroxymorphinan.
		These three metabolites are commonly used to determine enzyme activities in cytochrome P450 studies.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /408506.html (203 words)

	CEDRA Retinoids Abstract
		A Rapid, Rugged and Sensitive Method to Measure Therapeutic Concentrations of Dextromethorphan, Dextrorphan, Chlorpheniramine and Pseudoephedrine in Human Plasma by LC-MS-MS Authors
		Develop a method to measure dextromethorphan (DM), dextrorphan (DR), chlorpheniramine (CP) and pseudoephedrine (PE) in human plasma following oral dosing with new formulation cough/cold medicine.
		A rapid, rugged and sensitive method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of DM, DR, CP and PE in human plasma, resulting in over 1000 clinical study samples being analyzed.
	www.cedracorp.com /CEDRA_dextromethorphan_abstract.htm (316 words)

	Clinical Trials For Cytoprotection In Stroke -- Labiche and Grotta 1 (1): 46 -- NeuroRx (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Selfotel, adverse effects of dextrorphan occurred in a dose-dependent
		time, no further clinical trials of dextrorphan are in progress.
		Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of the N-methyl-B-aspartate antagonist dextrorphan in patients with acute stroke.
	www.neurorx.org /cgi/content/full/1/1/46 (9551 words)

	Schedule II Substances
		Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any of the following substances whether produced directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of vegetable origin, or independently by means of chemical synthesis, or by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis:
		(1) Opium and opiate, and any salt, compound, derivative, or preparation of opium or opiate excluding apomorphine, thebaine-derived butorphanol, dextrorphan, nalbuphine, nalmefene, naloxone, and naltrexone, and their respective salts, but including the following:
		Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a stimulant effect on the central nervous system:
	www.ritalinwarnings.com /cfr_schedule2.html (343 words)

	various dxm/dxo questions
		dextromethorphan to dextrorphan, and yet another reliable source
		argues that a majority of dextromethorphan is turned into dextrorphan
		> argues that a majority of dextromethorphan is turned into dextrorphan
	www.medkb.com /Uwe/Forum.aspx/med/107/various-dxm-dxo-questions (394 words)

	Ethical Challenges in Stroke Research -- Slyter 29 (8): 1725 -- Stroke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		of dextrorphan, and the closely related dextromethorphan, in
		the foreseeable toxicity of dextrorphan for these patients.
		Albers GW, Atkinson RP, Kelley RE, Rosenbaum DM, on behalf of the Dextrorphan Study Group.
	stroke.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/29/8/1725 (4021 words)

	Characterization of Dextromethorphan O- and N-Demethylation Catalyzed by Highly Purified Recombinant Human CYP2D6 -- Yu ...
		The O-demethylation of dextromethorphan to dextrorphan in humans is catalyzed primarily by cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6).
		Despite the fact that formation of dextrorphan clearly saturates at lower concentrations (Fig.
		Abbreviations used are: DXM, dextromethorphan; DXO, dextrorphan; MEM, 3-methoxymorphinan; HYM, 3-hydroxymorphinan; P450, cytochrome P450; DLPC,
	dmd.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/29/11/1362 (3248 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)