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	Dhrupad.org: About Dhrupad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Dhrupad is the most ancient style of Hindustani classical music that has survived until today in its original form.
		One significant characteristic of Dhrupad is the emphasis on maintaining purity of the Ragas and the Swaras.
		About six centuries ago, Dhrupad came to be patronised by the royal courts and its complex rendering became intended for highly sophisticated royal audiences.
	www.dhrupad.org /dhrupad.htm (319 words)

	3to6 :: A Dedicated Movies Portal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Dhrupad began as a form of meditation and then later went to become a form of expression.
		Unlike the later form of khayal, dhrupad is marked by a slow, elaborate alaap in which the entire gamut of the raga is explored unhurriedly, note by note.
		This was an age that also saw many dhrupad exponents loose their way in the external trappings of the form; introspection gave way to an unnecessary display of vocal acrobatics and play with rhythm.
	www.3to6.com /final_music/feature-dhrupad.htm (666 words)

	DHRUPAD: An Ancient Tradition by Sunil Dutta
		Dhrupad probably evolved from the earlier chanting of om, the sacred syllable which is claimed in Hindu canon to be the source of all creation.
		One significant characteristic of dhrupad is the emphasis on maintaining purity of the ragas and the swaras (notes).
		However, the sacred nature of dhrupad survived and even in the 20th century we are fortunate enough to hear this majestic form of music as performed more than 500 years ago in the royal courts of the emperors and kings of India.
	www.raga.com /text/221dhrupad_text.html (2072 words)

	Dagarvani : Dhrupad
		Dhrupad was the dominant form of classical vocal music in North India until the eighteen century when khayal (thought, imagination), a lighter, faster and more florid form gained wider acceptance.
		The alap is followed by a composition - the dhrupad, or dhamar - with poetic lyrics and accompaniment with the pakhawaj single barrel percussion drum.
		A bandish in ten or twelve beat taal is called the dhrupad, whereas one in a faster fourteen beat taal is called the dhamar.
	www.dagarvani.org (513 words)

	Dhrupad of the Dagar Tradition
		Dhrupad was originally sung in temples and later thrived under the patronage of Mughal and Rajput kings.
		The elaboration of Dhrupad alap is done using the syllables of a mantric phrase 'om antaran twam, taran taaran twam, ananta hari narayan om'.
		Dhrupad Alap is followed by the singing of a composition with rhythmic improvisation, to the accompaniment of a barrel drum called the pakhawaj (ancestor of the tabla).
	www.dhrupad.info (464 words)

	Seasons India :: Dagar Brothers & Dhrupad
		Dhrupad, the oldest surving form of Indian Classical Music is essentially devotional in essence.In fact, prior to the reign of Akbar it was performed almost exclusively in temples.
		Zia Fariuddin Dagar, a phenomenal vocalist is the director of the 'Dhrupad Kendra' at Bhopal.
		Nasir Aminuddin Dagar was a lecturer of Dhrupad at the Rabindra - Bharati university at Calcutta.
	www.seasonsindia.com /art_culture/music_dagar_sea.htm (494 words)

	The DoveSong Foundation, Inc. -- The Classical Music of India - Dhrupad
		Dhrupad is an ancient spiritual music art form that was performed in the temples and the courts during medieval times.
		The drum that accompanies Dhrupad is the pakhawaj, a cousin to the South Indian miradungam.
		Dhrupad lives on in the instrumental alap, however only a handful of contemporary instrumental performers learn and base their alap compositions in the correct principals of dhrupad performance.
	www.dovesong.com /positive_music/archives/world/India_About_Dhrupad.asp (662 words)

	Asian Music Circuit \| Education \| Specialist Articles
		Each dhrupad poem is set to music in a melodic mode (rag) and a metrical cycle (tal); the rags are the traditional melodic modes of North Indian classical music, but the tãls of dhrupad are different from those found in other genres.
		The dhrupad composition completed, the singer may also embark on improvised variations (upaj) using the words of the poem, periodically returning to the refrain: in his improvisations the singer must keep within the constraints of rag and tal, and the pakhavaj player must follow the singer's rhythmic manipulations as closely as possible.
		The Dagar family, who have become literally synonymous with dhrupad in the present century, trace their origins to one Bahrãm Khan, a singer and vinã player at the court of Jaipur in Rajasthan, who was famous for his knowledge of rãgs and of musical theory.
	www.amc.org.uk /education/articles/dhrupad.htm (1152 words)

	About North Indian Music.
		Dhrupad, the older of the two genres, is the ancestor to the more popular khyal that eclipses it today.
		Dhrupad refers to both a type of composition (hence the name) (in chautaal or sooltaaI) as well as a genre in North Indian classical music.
		Dhrupad probably evolved from a family of musical styles called prabhand that flourished during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.
	www.buckinghammusic.com /tall.html (2481 words)

	Yoga & Ayurveda Health - Dhrupad
		Dhrupad, the name does what it should, it makes luminous the nature of that which is named.
		Dhrupad probably evolved from the earlier chanting of Om, the sacred syllable which is claimed to be the source of all creation.
		The language of Dhrupad changed from Sanskrit to Brijbhasha sometime between the 12th and the 16th century.
	www.yoga-ayurveda.org /yoga-ayurveda_dhrupad.htm (647 words)

	Dhrupad
		Dhrupad was and still is an act of worship during which the priest or musician surrenders to the Divine and invokes the rasa (mood) of the raga (musical mode).
		Like all forms of Indian classical music, Dhrupad is based on the ancient raga system, a highly scientific system of musical modes that corrolates the modes with the different times of the day and the seasons of the year, thus putting the singer and listener in tune with time and space.
		Dhrupad emphasizes a slow, meditative rendition of the alap using sacred Sanskrit syllables derived from Sanskrit mantras.
	www.shantishivani.com /Dhrupad.htm (657 words)

	Toronto Gharana/Music
		Dhrupad is the oldest and perhaps the grandest form of Hindustani vocal music.
		A dhrupad is composed in a particular raaga and taala and has a text.
		A dhrupad recital typically consists of one or two male vocalists accompanied by a tanpura and pakhaavaj.
	www.pathcom.com /~ericp/genre.html (1471 words)

	The Dhrupad of the Dagar Bani - Info & Tracklist
		Dhrupad is a genre pertaining to the classical tradition of Northern Indian.
		Originally, the dhrupad was a vocal form practiced among the congregations of followers of the god Vishnu.
		Throughout the centuries, the Khan family took pride in preserving the particular performance style of the dhrupad: the Dagar Bani, one of the four medieval styles in which the dhrupad was anciently performed.
	www.trelunerecords.it /dhrupad.htm (396 words)

	DHRUPAD: AN ANCIENT TRADITION
		Dhrupad is accepted to be the oldest existing form of North Indian classical music.
		Dhrupad is the oldest vocal and instrumental style, and the form from which the extant Indian classical music originated.
		Dhrupad music has survived so far, due to the persistence and dedication of the masters who have not given up, despite financial hardships and adversity.
	www.raga.com /text/dhrupad.html (2044 words)

	dhrupad,dhrupad music,history of dhrupad,india music,indian music
		Dhrupad is perhaps the oldest style of classical singing in north Indian music today.
		The moods of dhrupad may vary, but themes revolving around the victories of great kings and mythological stories are common.
		The dhrupad usually adheres to a four-part structure of sthai, antara, abhog, and sanchari.
	www.india4world.com /indian-celebrities/Indian-Music/Dhrupad.shtml (159 words)

	Dhrupad - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dhrupad is the oldest surviving genre of classical singing in India.
		Dhrupad, as we know it today, has a repertoire of short songs (dhrupads) which are performed by a solo singer, or a small number of singers in unison, to the beat of a double-headed barrel drum, the pakhawaj.
		The alap in dhrupad is sung without words, using instead a set of syllables in a recurrent, set pattern: a re ne na, té te re ne na, ri re re ne na, te ne toom ne (this last group is used in cadences to reach the tonic or the end of a long phrase).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dhrupad (1767 words)

	Dhrupad An Invocation, Indian music tradition, musicians, ragas
		Consequently, Dhrupad was devotional in nature, an invocation to the gods, sung exclusively in places of worship.
		In fact, Dhrupad blossomed in all its glory and splendour in the courts of Akbar, as it had never before or ever after.
		The renaissance of dhrupad regenerated four vanis (the family tradition in music – an equivalent of gharanas in Hindustani classical music), the Dagar vani, Khandhar vani, Navahar vani and Gobarar vani.
	www.indiaprofile.com /religion-culture/dhrupad.htm (1149 words)

	North Indian Classical: Dhrupad
		Dhrupad is essentially a poetic form incorporated into an extended presentation style marked by precise and orderly elaboration of a raga.
		This aspect of dhrupad has been the most influential, and is reflected in other North Indian musical formats, especially in instrumental music and even khayal singing.
		However many of the codifications of dhrupad are dated more specifically to the same period as the origin of khayal, and the two might be viewed more accurately as parallel developments, although dhrupad is certainly more austere in its formalism.
	www.medieval.org /music/world/dhrupad.html (780 words)

	CD Baby: SAYEEDUDDIN DAGAR: Lineage of Dhrupad
		Fundamental to Dhrupad singing is the practice of Nada Yoga, in which, through various yogic practices, the singer develops the inner resonance of the body, and can make the sound resonate and flow freely through the entire region from navel to head.
		Dhrupad singing evolved from the singing of prabandhas in the medieval period, and like the writings of the bhakti saints of the time, it is suffused with a mystical devotion to God.
		The phrases of the Dhrupad alap are slow and contemplative in the beginning, but the tempo increases in stages, and in the faster passages playful and vigorous ornaments predominate.
	www.cdbaby.com /cd/dagar?cdbaby=cc575c434e15a6eceacdff1bf74d51fc (901 words)

	CyberSangeet: Conversation with Pandit Falguni Mitra
		The Alap and the boltaan portion of Dhrupad and Dhamar are present in Khayal and some subtle alankars and pukars are taken from Thumri.
		What I believe in, is that Dhrupad should be sung in a very aesthetic and artistic manner with alap and gradual unfolding of the raga.
		FM: Dhrupad is that form of music, which is based on certain ragas and based on certain Talas.
	www.cybersangeet.com /Falguni-Mitra-Interview.htm (1714 words)

	Pandit Hariprasad Chaurasia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Legends narrate stories of Dhrupad music resonating in royal courts and temples during the medieval period.
		In recognition of Dhrupad's position as a pillar of Indian classical music, many of the foremost Indian classical musicians in the world today advocate training in Dhrupad as an essential step for aspiring students.
		The Gundecha brothers were taught the art of Dhrupad music through the tradition of the guru-shishya parampara, where knowledge is transferred orally by the teacher to his disciple from generation to generation.
	www.5h.org /concert/artists/dhrupad.html (865 words)

	Raga Exchange - Music of India - Steven landsberg
		The Dhrupad genre is believed to have evolved from one of the streams of Prabandha Gana, which held sway between the 11th and the 13th centuries.
		Dhrupad replaced Prabandha Gana from the 14th century, and reached its zenith between the 15th and 18th centuries.
		Dhrupad was structured originally around the poetic and melodic- rhythmic material from the tradition of devotional music practiced in the Vaishnava temples.
	www.ragascape.com /Ragascapes/6.html (2686 words)

	Musical Nirvana - Compositions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Dhrupad compositions are the oldest Hindustani compositions still in use.
		In a dhrupad composition, the text, the rhythm and the melody are determined and each aspect receives equal attention.
		The language of the text is usually Braj bashaw which is the language spoken in a particular of Uttar Pradesh and associated with the legends of Krishna.
	www.musicalnirvana.com /introduction/compositions.html (1252 words)

	Asia Pacific Arts Online Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The alap is followed by another composition, either the dhrupad or the "dhamar", depending on the number and speed of the beats.
		The dhrupad, the raga accompanied by the pakhwaj drum, initially follows a distinctive rhythm in conjunction with the vocalization, springing into a pronounced departure from this collaboration, returning to a new one in it's conclusion.
		Dhrupad may be a very complex, esoteric type of music, but the talent displayed by the quartet, especially the Ustad and Sharma, are both exhilarating and enlightening experiences that move the soul.
	www.asiaarts.ucla.edu /102403/ustad.html (695 words)

	Dhrupad - a genre of Indian Classical Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Dhrupad is the oldest and possibly the grandest form of Hindustani music still practised today.
		Dhrupad is a genre of musical composition characterized by austerity.
		It is marked by a elaborate and precise exploration of a raga, followed by the presentation of a song.
	www.indoclassical.com /dhrupad/dhrupad.htm (189 words)

	Nirmalya
		Dhrupad is one of the richest and oldest forms of Indian classical music which has been cultivated by the stalwarts like Swami Haridas of Vrindavan and Sangeet Samrat Tansen.
		He plays a distinguished role to revive the culture of Dhrupad and inspire the youth with his mellifluous rendition...Nirmaly's voice resonates with the spirit and mood of the melody.
		Dhrupad is performed in four parts being, Aalap, Jod, Jhala (slow, medium-fast and fast elaboration of the melody) and the composition.
	www.associationsargam.com /nirmalya.htm (1761 words)

	Brij Bhushan Goswami
		Dhrupad, one of the most difficult of all styles in Indian Classical music presents the raga in its most pure form without the typically elaborate ornamentation and embellishment practiced in other styles.
		Dhrupad has been very important in the history of Indian Classical music and is a significant inspiration for more modern classical music.
		Dhrupad is boundless soundscape and the beauty of classical music lies in its universality and its ability to bring peace and contentment, like sunrise.
	www.dhrupad.net /html/dhrupad.html (387 words)

	Bharat Bhavan - Vadya & Natya Vidyalaya - Classical Hindustani Music
		Its development is more recent than dhrupad, and it generally eschews the long alaps, but has a larger degree of improvisation (analogous to an instrumental gat) in the metrical singing.
		The actual dhrupad song-form is set in the rhythm Chautal (4+4+2+2), and rendered in steady declaration in an austere style.
		Dhrupad must therefore be seen first as a musical style.
	www.bharatbhavankerala.org /hindustani.htm (350 words)

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