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Topic: Diachronic linguistics

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	Ferdinand de Saussure's Course in General Linguistics
		Saussure defines linguistics as the study of language, and as the study of the manifestations of human speech.
		He says that linguistics is also concerned with the history of languages, and with the social or cultural influences that shape the development of language.
		Diachronic linguistics is the study of the history or evolution of language.
	www.angelfire.com /md2/timewarp/saussure.html (928 words)

	Linguistics - Uncyclopedia
		Linguistic inquiry is pursued by a wide variety of specialists, who may not all be in harmonious agreement; as Oscar Wilde flamboyantly puts it:
		Whereas the core of theoretical linguistics is concerned with studying (and possibly exacerbating) language at a particular point in time (usually the present), diachronic linguistics examines how language changes through time, sometimes over centuries.
		Historical linguistics enjoys both a rich, miserable history (the study of linguistics grew out of historical linguistics) and a strong theoretical foundation for the study of language change.
	uncyclopedia.org /wiki/Linguistics (715 words)

	Linguistics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Linguistics compares languages (comparative linguistics) and explores their histories, in order to find universal properties of language and to account for its development and origins (historical linguistics).
		Slightly separate from general linguistics are the sub-fields of phonology, which studies the role of sounds in particular languages, and phonetics, the study of how sounds are produced and perceived.
		Sociolinguistics, anthropological linguistics, and linguistic anthropology are social sciences that consider the interactions between linguistics and society as a whole.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Linguistics (3294 words)

	More on Diachronic
		Whereas theoretical linguistics is concerned with finding and describing generalities both within particular languages and among all languages, applied linguistics takes the results of those findings and applies them to other areas.
		Applications of computational linguistics in machine translation, computer-assisted translation, and natural language processing are extremely fruitful areas of applied linguistics which have come to the forefront in recent years with increasing computing power.
		Sociolinguistics, anthropological linguistics, and linguistic anthropology are where the social sciences that consider societies as whole and linguistics interact.
	www.artilifes.com /diachronic.htm (1495 words)

	Wikinfo \| Linguistics
		Linguists often divide the study of language into a number of separate areas, to be studied more or less independently.
		Most cognitive linguists, for example, would probably find the categories "semantics" and "pragmatics" to be arbitrary, and nearly all linguists would agree that the divisions overlap considerably.
		Linguists can be broadly divided into those that study language at a particular point in time (usually the present) and those that study how language changes through time, sometimes over centuries.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Linguistics (1287 words)

	Linguistics...Artilifes.com
		Whereas theoretical linguistics is concerned with finding and describing generalities both within languages and among all languages, as a group, applied linguistics takes the results of those findings and applies them to other areas.
		Usually applied linguistics refers to the use of linguistic research in language teaching, but linguistics is used in other areas, as well.
		Whereas core theoretical linguistics studies languages for their own sake, the interdisciplinary areas of linguistic consider how language interacts with the rest of the world.
	www.artilifes.com /linguistics.html (587 words)

	CAL: Resources: Online Resources: FAQ
		Linguistics found its way into sociology, anthropology, language arts, foreign language learning and teaching, English as a second language, translation and interpretation, literacy, and the development of language policy in countries around the world.
		Among the subfields are anthropological linguistics, applied linguistics, biological linguistics, clinical linguistics, computational linguistics, educational linguistics, ethnolinguistics, geographical linguistics, mathematical linguistics, neurolinguistics, philosophical linguistics, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, statistical linguistics, and theolinguistics.
		Formal linguists study the structures of different languages, and by identifying and studying the elements common among them seek to discover the most effective ways to describe language in general.
	www.cal.org /resources/faqs/linguisticsfaq.html (580 words)

	Linguistics - WebArticles.com
		Broadly conceived, linguistics is the scientific study of human language, and a linguist is someone who engages in this study.
		Synchronic and Diachronic - Synchronic study of a language is concerned with its form at a given moment; Diachronic study covers the history of a language (group) and its structural changes over time.
		Theoretical and applied - Theoretical (or general) linguistics is concerned with frameworks for describing individual languages and theories about universal aspects of language; applied linguistics applies these theories to other fields.
	www.webarticles.com /print.php?id=450 (1569 words)

	Directions for Historical Linguistics: A Symposium. Saussure's Dichotomy between Descriptive and Historical Linguistics
		Whatever the deviations in further parts of their theory, they with other linguists followed Saussure in their approach to language as a sign system which can be studied from a synchronic or a diachronic point of view.
		It is the aim here to examine the dichotomy which Saussure propounded between synchronic and diachronic linguistics, to note the implications of it for him, and to observe some effects of the dichotomy on subsequent linguistic work until the present.
		Grammar, accordingly, the study of the morphology and syntax of a language, must be assigned to descriptive linguistics, excluded from diachronic linguistics.
	www.utexas.edu /cola/centers/lrc/books/hist01.html (5189 words)

	English Linguistics
		Linguistics thus distinguishes between the historical (diachronic) and the systematic (synchronic) study of language.
		Synchronic linguistics examines all aspects of linguistic communication as well as the rules that are known to and used by all members of a language community.
		The traditional areas of synchronic linguistics taught in Bayreuth are phonetics, which deals with the physical aspects of sounds (their formation in the speaker's mouth, their acoustic qualities, and their perception by the listener), and phonology, which describes the phonological system of distinctive sounds common to all members of a speech community.
	www.uni-bayreuth.de /departments/anglistik/Ling_Eng.htm (1272 words)

	Stein: Historical linguistics in an English curriculum
		The latter is often characterized by a little linguistics often appendicital to literature, and mostly reflected in the fact that there may be one linguist (often "stylistician”) in the English department, or none at all, the study of English being the study of literature written in English.
		The linguistic side will not be able to achieve this goal if it is a linguistics that is built on a discrete and uncommunicable line between two different types of linguistics, and between linguistics and literature.
		Historical linguistics is about the archeology of the "horizon”, of the linguistic basis for the reconstruction of meanings: how can we know whether a use of "th” in the Shakespeare corpus is poetic or not, if not by analysing the state of the grammar of the language in that particular subcompartment.
	www.univie.ac.at /Anglistik/hoe/pstein.htm (1358 words)

	MrSci.com: All Science, All the Time
		Synchronic vs Diachronic: Synchronic study of a language is concerned with its form at a given moment; Diachronic study covers the history of a language or family of languages and structural changes over time.
		Theoretical vs applied: Theoretical (or general) linguistics is concerned with frameworks for describing individual languages and theories about universal aspects of language; applied linguistics applies these theories to other fields.
		Linguistics is the scientific study of human language, and someone who engages in this study is called a linguist...
	www.mrsci.com /social/linguistics.html (1648 words)

	UF Graduate Advising for Linguistics
		However, if they have never had classes in introductory linguistics, phonetic transcription, and the advanced study of the grammar of a language, they may be required to enroll first as a post baccalaureate student to make up their deficiencies.
		LIN 6208 -- Phonetics for Linguists (3) Understanding of issues in experimental phonetics and introduction of research techniques involved in the acoustic, physiological, and perceptual study of speech.
		The mutual interdependence of diachronic and synchronic analyses of language.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/rthompso/grad.html (2155 words)

	Department of Linguistics - CSULB
		Historical linguistics: diachronic (historical) linguistics, Indo-European linguistics, and historical development of the English language.
		Computational Linguistics: In the past, I was active in the area of computational linguistics, especially in computer-assisted language instruction, but I have not been active in this area for a number of years.
		Linguistics Society of America, member from 1966 to the present.
	www.csulb.edu /web/depts/ling/f_hertz.htm (188 words)

	Introducing Linguistics
		Trask begins with the history of linguistics as a discipline, tracing it from Panini's work on Sanskrit, through Aristotle and the Greco-Latin scholars, and the European approaches of the 14th and 15th centuries, to the modern day subject.
		Ferdinand de Saussure's hugely influential ideas, which revolutionised linguistics are explained, and we learn how his work emphasised two different approaches: synchronic linguistics (language studied at a particular time) and diachronic linguistics (the development of language over time).
		Trask's background in historical linguistics is evident, for there is a strong emphasis on the development of the subject and on diachronic studies throughout.
	www.fun-with-words.com /introducing_linguistics.html (750 words)

	6-09 Diachronic and synchronic linguistics. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Statements that are now false under synchronic linguistics (the study of language at a given time) may become false, as revealed by diachronic linguistics (the study of language through time).
		The truth value of statements (e.g., "Robots can be conscious" or "Pain is identical with stimulation of C-fibers") can be effected by a change of use over the course of time, without a change of meaning in the terms involved.
		The real question is not a question in synchronic linguistics but one in diachronic linguistics, not 'Is (1) now a deviant sentence ?' but 'If a change in scientific knowledge (e.g.
	www.macrovu.com /CCT6/CCTMap609.html (267 words)

	Dartmouth Library Collection Development Policy
		This policy statement is restricted to linguistics as the science of language.
		Furthermore, at Dartmouth majors in Linguistics are possible in combination with a variety of subjects in the Humanities, Social Sciences, and Mathematics (computer linguistics).
		Some linguistic atlases are treated as maps (Library of Congress G class, located in the Map Room).
	www.dartmouth.edu /~cmdc/cdp/linguistics.html (373 words)

	Corpus Linguistics (1): Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Corpus linguistics deals with the principles and practice of using corpora in language study.
		In linguistics and lexicography, a body of texts, utterances or other specimens considered more or less representative of a language, and usually stored as an electronic database.
		Corpus linguistics is then the study of linguistic data retrieved from a corpus.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~vdbeek/perl/lecture1.html (832 words)

	usc linguistics department (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Hispanic Linguistics is a formal specialization in the Department of Linguistics whose academic structure is modeled on that of the graduate program in general linguistics.
		Students in the Hispanic Linguistics specialization are required to take courses dealing with Spanish linguistics issues in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese.
		Studies in Hispanic Linguistics have proven influential in recent approaches to linguistic theory as diverse as descriptive and formal grammar, dialectology and variation, language contact, language change, bilingualism and language acquisition.
	www.usc.edu /dept/LAS/linguistics/hispanic_linguistics.htm (639 words)

	TEI Encoding and Syntactic Tagging of an Old French text. Abstract for TEXT ENCODING INITIATIVE TENTH ANNIVERSARY USER ...
		Linguistically, Joinville's text is situated at the cross-over point between Old and Middle French; it is conventionally regarded in French linguistic histories (e.g.
		This information includes a description of the editorial and rendering conventions used in tagging the text, as well as one or two interventions necessary in the text (e.g., assuming in one case that for one emendation in Corbett's text the ensuing ghost-footnote mark is in fact a typographical error for the missing right square bracket).
		Syntactic tagging is still a young discipline, particularly in diachronic linguistics, and the major venture of this kind to date is the Penn-Helsinki Corpus.
	www.stg.brown.edu /conferences/tei10/tei10.papers/estival.html (5354 words)

	Structural Linguistics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The object of linguistics, Saussure argued, must be language (langue) and not speech (parole).
		Thus in linguistics, while we may collect our data from actual instances of speech but the goal is to work back to the system of rules and words that organizes speech.
		This understanding of speech treats it as a "social fact." The concept of a social fact was derived from the work of the great French social theorist Emil Durkheim.
	www.aucegypt.edu /academic/anth/anth352/structural_linguistics.htm (754 words)

	Faculty
		He specializes in computational linguistics and the topics he has worked on, or is currently working on, include parsing and human sentence processing, machine learning and language acquisition, stochastic models, corpora, documentation of endangered languages, information extraction, question answering, spoken dialogue systems, syntax, prosody, and semantics.
		Within applied computational linguistics, his main interests are semantic problems of computer lexicography and user interface design, and his special focus in Indonesian linguistics is on Malay and Acehnese.
		Her research specialties include historical linguistics and language contact, with a focus on principles of contact-induced language change and contact language genesis (pidgins, creoles, and bilingual mixed languages).
	www.ling.lsa.umich.edu /fac (1675 words)

	Theoretical Linguistics - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		English Language and Linguistics, published twice a year, is an international journal which focuses on the description of the English language within the framework of contemporary linguistics.
		The journal is concerned equally with the synchronic and the diachronic aspects of English language studies and publishes articles of the highest quality which make a substantial contribution to our understanding of the structure and development of the English language and which are informed by a knowledge and appreciation of linguistic theory.
		Language Variation and Change is the only journal dedicated exclusively to the study of linguistic variation and the capacity to deal with systematic and inherent variation in synchronic and diachronic linguistics.
	www.cambridge.org /browse/browse_journals.asp?subjectid=1011467 (532 words)

	Yamada Language Center: Linguistics Mailing Lists
		People on it include linguists, lawyers, people concerned with court translating and interpreting and others with a general interest in language and the law.
		Indo-European linguistics - Discussion of the historical and comparative linguistics of the Indo-European languages.
		Any topic related to the diachronic linguistics of the Indo-European languages is suitable for discussion.
	babel.uoregon.edu /yamada/lists/linguistics.html (526 words)

	Some basics: What is linguistics and how is it used
		Linguistics is the study of language — not just particular languages, but the system of human communication.
		historical (diachronic) linguistics: study of language change and evolution.
		Many students find linguistics useful because it broadens and deepens their understanding of related fields: languages and literature (English and foreign), social sciences (especially anthropology, sociology, and psychology), education, philosophy, communication...
	www.wfu.edu /academics/linguistics/Some_basics.html (402 words)

	Discover the Wisdom of Mankind on linguistics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Linguistics is the scientific study of human language, and someone who engages in this study is called a linguist or linguistician.
		* Synchronic vs Diachronic: Synchronic study of a language is concerned with its form at a given moment; Diachronic study covers the history of a language or family of languages and structural changes over time.
		* Ungerer, Friedrich and Hans-Jorg Schmid (1996), An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics, Longman.
	www.blinkbits.com /blinks/linguistics (2382 words)

	Welcome to Berkeley Linguistics
		Phonetics, morphology, and historical linguistics are all areas in which the Berkeley department is strong, and Berkeley linguists regularly produce cutting-edge laboratory, field, and cross-linguistic research.
		As part of our broad approach to the study of language, the faculty encourage phonology students to develop experimental and computational skills in our Phonology Laboratory, and pursue their scholarly interests in the synchronic and diachronic linguistics of a specific language or language-family.
		Berkeley phonology PhDs are known for the breadth and depth of their knowledge, which comes from their solid training in phonetics, morphology and historical linguistics and from the empirical commitment to accurate language description which is a hallmark of the department.
	www.linguistics.berkeley.edu /phon/index.html (493 words)

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