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Topic: Diacylglycerol

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	FDA/CFSAN: Agency Response Letter: GRAS Notice No. GRN 000115
		Diacylglycerol oil is composed of greater than 80 percent diacylglycerol as a mixture of 1,3-diglyceride and 1,2-diglyceride at a ratio of 7:3.
		The method of manufacture of diacylglycerol oil (which includes the enzyme-catalyzed esterification of fatty acids derived from natural edible plant oils and either monoacylglycerol or glycerol) and the specifications for food-grade diacylglycerol oil are the same as presented in GRN 000056.
		ADM-Kao estimates that the expected consumption of diacylglycerol oil from its current use in edible oil and spread range from approximately 0.2 to 0.4 grams/kilogram body weight/day (g/kg bw/d) at the 90th percentile.
	www.cfsan.fda.gov /~rdb/opa-g115.html (1207 words)

	Complete Diacylglycerol Oil information from Drugs.com
		Diacylglycerol oil has been added to foods at levels ranging from 8 to 9 g per serving to 88 g per day.
		Diacylglycerol (DAG) oil was developed in Japan and launched in February 1999 by Kao Corporation as Healthy Econa cooking oil.
		Consumption of diacylglycerol oil as part of a reduced-energy diet enhances loss of body weight and fat in comparison with consumption of a triacylglycerol control oil.
	www.drugs.com /npp/diacylglycerol_oil.html (1323 words)

	Diacylglycerol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Diacylglycerol is a second messenger molecule made by phospholipase C (a membrane -bound enzyme) together with inositol triphosphate.
		Although inositol triphosphate diffuses into the cytosol diacylglycerol stays close to the plasma membrane due to its hydrophobic properties.
		Diacylglycerol has two major functions in the cell :
	www.freeglossary.com /Diacylglycerole (46 words)

	Ref 155 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Metabolic pathways for diacylglycerol biosynthesis and release in the midgut of larval Manduca sexta.
		The pathway for the synthesis of diacylglycerol in larval Manduca sexta midgut was studied.
		The interconversion of diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol was fairly rapid, suggesting that triacylglycerol serves as a reservoir from which diacylglycerol can be produced.
	aedes.biosci.arizona.edu /ABS/ref155.htm (239 words)

	Novel Food Information on: Vegetable Diacylglycerol Oil
		The vegetable diacylglycerol oil is to be used as a 1:1 (w/w) replacement for liquid vegetable oils in all applications.
		In one study, the effect of vegetable diacylglycerol oil in comparison to a conventional oil on the absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, and E) was assessed.
		Furthermore, since vegetable diacylglycerol oil oil is composed of fatty acids from edible oils, it would appear that any effects resulting from the consumption of vegetable diacylglycerol oil oil would relate to altered metabolism as a consequence of a greater proportion of diglyceride as opposed to triglyceride in dietary fat.
	www.hc-sc.gc.ca /fn-an/gmf-agm/appro/nf-an99decdoc_e.html (1884 words)

	sn-1,2-diacylglycerol kinase of Escherichia coli. Diacylglycerol analogues define specificity and mechanism. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Studies with a water-soluble diacylglycerol, sn-1,2-dibutyrylglycerol, allowed direct comparison of diacylglycerol kinase activity in mixed micelles with that in native membranes.
		Consistent with these observations, diacylglycerol analogues modified only in the acyl chains or sn-2 ester were not diacylglycerol kinase inhibitors, whereas analogues with substitutions of the sn-1 ester or sn-3 hydroxyl frequently caused inhibition.
		Studies of diacylglycerol kinase inactivation by the various analogues were consistent with the previous conclusion that this process involves an interaction of diacylglycerols with an enzyme conformation different from that active in catalysis (Walsh, J. P., and Bell, R. Biol.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/5973.html (233 words)

	Cloning and Expression of a Cytoskeleton-Associated Diacylglycerol Kinase that is Dominantly Expressed in Cerebellum -- ...
		Cloning and Expression of a Cytoskeleton-Associated Diacylglycerol Kinase that is Dominantly Expressed in Cerebellum -- Goto et al.
		The 88-kDa diacylglycerol kinase was expressed specifically in brain and localized predominantly in cerebellar Purkinje cells.
		This isozyme was associated equally with particulate and supernatant fractions in cDNA-transfected COS-7 cells and dominantly with the particulate fraction in the brain.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/91/26/13042 (1080 words)

	Human protein: Q16760 - Diacylglycerol kinase, delta (EC ) (Diglyceride kinase) (DGK- delta) (DAG kinase delta) (130 ...
		Diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid are two lipids which act as second messengers in signaling cascades.
		Diacylglycerol kinase, delta (EC 2.7.1.107) (Diglyceride kinase) (DGK- delta) (DAG kinase delta) (130 kDa diacylglycerol kinase).
		Molecular cloning of a novel diacylglycerol kinase isozyme with a pleckstrin homology domain and a C-terminal tail similar to those of the EPH family of protein-tyrosine kinases.
	harvester.embl.de /harvester/Q167/Q16760.htm (1033 words)

	DHEA, antibiotics, Weight Loss drugs, weight loss herbs, weight loss herbal formula, hair loss, hair growth, buy Rx ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A rapid effect of thyroxine on accumulation of diacylglycerols and on activation of protein kinase C in liver cells.
		Cell-specific and developmental expression of phospholipase C-gamma and diacylglycerol in fetal lung.
		Regulation of canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channel function by diacylglycerol and protein kinase C. Evidence for the involvement of a phospholipase C--protein kinase C signaling pathway in insulin stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle.
	www.twinpharm.com /ref-diacylglycerol/diacylglycerol-refs.html (1906 words)

	Enova Oil - Enova Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Diacylglycerol oil is a key component of Enova oil.
		Alteration by diacylglycerols of the transport and fatty acid composition of lymph chylomicrons in rats.
		Reciprocal responses to dietary diacylglycerol of hepatic enzymes of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation in the rat.
	enovaoil.com /kitchen/library.asp (316 words)

	Ref 160 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The transfer of diacylglycerol from the midgut sac to lipophorin was blocked by preincubation of midgut sacs with antibody against LTP.
		Diacylglycerol transfer was restored to control values by the addition of purified LTP to midgut sacs that had been treated with antibody against LTP.
		Under these conditions the amount of diacylglycerol transferred was a function of the LTP concentration.
	aedes.biosci.arizona.edu /ABS/ref160.htm (193 words)

	Correlation between Protein Kinase C alpha Activity and Membrane Phase Behavior -- Micol et al. 76 (2): 916 -- ...
		Epand, R. Diacylglycerols, lysolecithin or hydrocarbons markedly alter the bilayer to hexagonal phase transition temperature of phosphatidylethanolamines.
		Infrared spectroscopic study of the interaction of diacylglycerol with phosphatidylserine in the presence of calcium.
		Interaction of diacylglycerols with phosphatidylcholine vesicles as studied by differential scanning calorimetry and fluorescence probe depolarization.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/76/2/916 (7172 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The approach is to use saturation mutagenesis of the cloned gene followed by characterization of the structure, stability and activity of the variant proteins.
		As an activator of various members of the protein kinase C family, diacylglycerol is a key second messenger in many major signal tranduction pathways in eucaryotic cells.
		Diacylglycerol kinases are responsible for converting diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid, thereby removing the protein kinase C activation signal.
	www.doe-mbi.ucla.edu /~bowie/group/research_description.html (406 words)

	Lipid second messenger regulation: the role of diacylglycerol kinases and their relevance to hypertension
		Diacylglycerol is the physiological activator of protein kinase C but also interacts indirectly with other signalling molecules such as small G proteins.
		Therefore, diacylglycerol kinases occupy a central position in signal transduction and regulation of their activity is crucial to cellular function.
		In addition to the plasma membrane, diacylglycerol kinases are found at the nucleus and cytoskeleton and translocation between subcellular compartments occurs with agonist stimulation.
	www.nature.com /cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/jhh/journal/v15/n2/abs/1001139a.html (308 words)

	Phospholipase D page
		The phosphatidic acid may itself act as a signal molecule (e.g., by activating a PA-activated kinase), or can be hydrolyzed to form diacylglycerol by the enzyme PA phosphohydrolase.
		One of the focus areas in the Lambeth lab is to investigate phospholipase D and its relation to signal transduction.
		Diacylglycerol generation was also activated by a protein kinase C activator, PMA.
	www.biochem.emory.edu /labs/dlambe/phosdpage.html (697 words)

	FDA/CFSAN: Agency Response Letter: GRAS Notice No. GRN 000115
		Diacylglycerol oil is composed of greater than 80 percent diacylglycerol as a mixture of 1,3-diglyceride and 1,2-diglyceride at a ratio of 7:3.
		The method of manufacture of diacylglycerol oil (which includes the enzyme-catalyzed esterification of fatty acids derived from natural edible plant oils and either monoacylglycerol or glycerol) and the specifications for food-grade diacylglycerol oil are the same as presented in GRN 000056.
		ADM-Kao estimates that the expected consumption of diacylglycerol oil from its current use in edible oil and spread range from approximately 0.2 to 0.4 grams/kilogram body weight/day (g/kg bw/d) at the 90th percentile.
	vm.cfsan.fda.gov /~rdb/opa-g115.html (1207 words)

	DHEA, antibiotics, Weight Loss drugs, weight loss herbs, weight loss herbal formula, hair loss, hair growth, buy Rx ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) with predicted molecular mass of 56.9.
		Expression and characterization of diacylglycerol acyltransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana in insect cell cultures.
		Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyses the acylation of the sn-3 hydroxy group of sn-1,2-diacylglycerol using acyl-CoA.
	www.twinpharm.com /ref-diacylglycerol/diacylglycerol-research-abs4.16.html (913 words)

	Cancer Spectrum: CANCERLIT® Citation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Synthesis of diacylglycerol de novo is responsible for permanent activation and down-regulation of protein kinase C in transformed cells.
		Elevated levels of diacylglycerol and persistent activation/down-regulation of protein kinase C reduced the binding of phorbol dibutyrate to transformed cells.
		Taken together these data indicate that constitutive synthesis of diacylglycerol de novo is responsible for activation and down-regulation of protein kinase C in transformed cells, and it may play a role in altered mitogenic signalling.
	jncicancerspectrum.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/cancerlit/2684158 (162 words)

	[No title]
		Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK, EC:2.7.1.107) phosphorylates diacylglycerol (DAG) to yield phosphatidic acid.
		Q16760 Diacylglycerol kinase delta (EC 2.7.1.107) (Diglyceride kinase delta) (DGK-delta) (DAG kinase delta) (130 kDa diacylglycerol kinase)
		Sakane F. Imai S. Kai M. Wada I. Kanoh H. Molecular cloning of a novel diacylglycerol kinase isozyme with a pleckstrin homology domain and a C-terminal tail similar to those of the EPH family of protein-tyrosine kinases.
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR001206 (503 words)

	Diabetes - Activation of Diacylglycerol and Protein Kinase C Isoforms
		Diacylglycerol is found throughout cell membranes and is a key contributor to the activation of various protein kinase C isoforms.
		Diacylglycerol formation induced by glucose has been documented in cultured cells, in tissues from experimental animals, and in persons with diabetes mellitus.
		Figure 4 illustrates how AGE, diacylglycerol, and reactive oxygen species contribute to protein kinase C-â activation and identifies a potential biochemical step that could be targeted for protein kinase C-â inhibition in preventing microvascular damage associated with diabetes.
	www.diabetesincontrol.com /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1995 (2440 words)

	Influence of contrast media osmolality on isolated rabbit heart performance. Involvement of phospholipase D in ...
		In the present study, the biphasic accumulation of 1,2 diacylglycerol, i.e., the first transient and the second sustained phase, was observed in cultured human keratinocytes stimulated by GQ1b.
		The second sustained phase of diacylglycerol was repressed by ethanol, indicating that the diacylglycerol-formation pathway via phospholipase D followed by phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase would in part account for the second diacylglycerol phase.
		Furthermore, this second phase of GQ1b-induced diacylglycerol generation was reduced by pretreatment with propranolol, an inhibitor of phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase.
	www.hairmillion.com /rx-online-info/propranolol-online-rx/propranolol-online-rx.1025.html (660 words)

	Penn State Faculty Research Expertise Database (FRED) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Finally diacylglycerol levels and PKC activity were reduced during relaxation of the LES induced by the inhibitory neurotransmitter vasoactive intestinal peptide.
		These data suggest that resting LES tone is associated with elevated diacylglycerol levels and PKC activity, which are reduced during relaxation.
		Diacylglycerol is derived from at least two different sources.
	fred.hmc.psu.edu /ds/retrieve/fred/publication/8613911 (231 words)

	Evidence for Novel Regulatory Step in Triglyceride Synthesis [MJM 1996 2: 12-19]
		The addition of fatty acid to diacylglycerol by acyl-CoA:1,2-diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (DGAT) is the only step in TG synthesis unique to this biosynthetic pathway, and strong evidence exists for its regulation in rat liver and adipose tissue by phosphorylating-dephosphorylating activities present in a cytosolic fraction (5,6).
		Purification of diacylglycerol: acyltransferase from rat liver to near homogeneity.
		His research project on the regulation of diacylglycerol acyltransferase was conducted as a post-doctorate project at McGill during the present year.
	www.mjm.mcgill.ca /issues/v02n01/evidence.html (3405 words)

	Ceramides in Phospholipid Membranes: Effects on Bilayer Stability and Transition to Nonlamellar Phases -- Veiga et al. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Origin of the lag period in the phospholipase C cleavage of phospholipids in membranes: concomitant vesicle aggregation and enzyme activation.
		Epand, R. Diacylglycerol, lysolecithin or hydrocarbons markedly alter the bilayer to hexagonal phase transition temperature of phosphatidylethanolamines.
		The phase behaviour of mixed aqueous dispersions of dipalmitoyl derivatives of phosphatidylcholine and diacylglycerol.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/76/1/342 (4505 words)

	The role of endogenously formed diacylglycerol in the propagation and termination of platelet activation. A biochemical ...
		The role of endogenously formed diacylglycerol in the propagation and termination of platelet activation.
		A biochemical and functional analysis using the novel diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor, R 59 949 -- de Chaffoy de Courcelles et al.
		A biochemical and functional analysis using the novel diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor, R 59 949
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/abstract/264/6/3274 (699 words)

	lipolysis - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It begins in adipocytes with the breakdown - lipolysis - of triglycerides to a fatty acid and diacylglycerol.
		As the release of fatty acids is a major determinant of fatty acid oxidation and ketone body formation, the control of this enzyme is vital - see the submenu.
		These enzymes are not saturated and so tend not to be influenced by regulatory enzymes.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/731512891.htm (202 words)

	Norepinephrine stimulates arachidonic acid release from vascular smooth muscle via activation of cPLA2 -- LaBelle and ...
		Effect of phospholipase C and diacylglycerol lipase inhibitors on AA release from rat tail artery.
		Secretogogue-stimulated phosphatidylinositol breakdown in the exocrine pancreas liberates arachidonic acid, stearic acid, and glycerol by sequential actions of phospholipase C and diacylglycerol lipase.
		Arachidonic acid and diacylglycerol release associated with inhibition of myosin light chain dephosphorylation in rabbit smooth muscle.
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/274/4/C1129 (4375 words)

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