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Topic: Diacylglycerol DAG

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	SMART: DAGKa domain annotation
		Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a second messenger that acts as a protein kinase C activator.
		DAG can be produced from the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) by a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C and by the degradation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) by a phospholipase C or the concerted actions of phospholipase D and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase.
		Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a second messenger that activates protein kinase C and also occupies a central role in phospholipid biosynthesis.
	smart.embl-heidelberg.de /smart/do_annotation.pl?DOMAIN=DAGKa&BLAST=DUMMY (1568 words)

	FDA/CFSAN/OPA: Agency Response Letter: GRAS Notice No. GRN 000056
		DAG is composed of greater than 80 percent diacylglycerol as a mixture of 1,3-diglyceride and 1,2-diglyceride at a ratio of 7:3.
		Kao believes that "DAG" is an appropriate name because the letters represent the essential portions of the substance's name, D (di) A (acyl) G (glycerol), and because randomized diacylglycerol of fatty acids is the main component of DAG oil.
		Because DAG is not an edible vegetable or animal oil that has undergone an accepted process of physio-chemical modification, it may not lawfully be used in standardized margarine.
	www.cfsan.fda.gov /~rdb/opa-g056.html (1300 words)

	Enova Oil - FAQs
		Enova oil is a new premium cooking oil consisting of high concentrations of diacylglycerol (DAG), a type of fat already found in small quantities in conventional cooking oils.
		DAG is digested and absorbed by the body the same way as TAG, but DAG molecules are later metabolized in a slightly different way.
		No. The diacylglycerol (DAG) oil in Enova oil is found in all natural vegetable oils at low concentrations.
	www.enovaoil.com /about/faq.asp (1284 words)

	Dag (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Op de Eer hett een Dag 24 Stünnen.
		As Dag ward obers ook kort de hellichte Dag meent, in'n Ünnerscheed to de Nacht.
		Dag is denn, wenn de Sünn an den Heben steiht.
	low-saxon.encyclopedia.st /Dag (400 words)

	Diacylglycerol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a second messenger molecule made by phospholipase C (a membrane-bound enzyme), together with inositol triphosphate.
		Although inositol triphosphate diffuses into the cytosol, diacylglycerol stays close to the plasma membrane, due to its hydrophobic properties.
		Diacylglycerol has two major functions in the cell:
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Diacylglycerol (71 words)

	[No title]
		Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK, EC:2.7.1.107) phosphorylates diacylglycerol (DAG) to yield phosphatidic acid.
		O88673 Diacylglycerol kinase alpha (EC 2.7.1.107) (Diglyceride kinase alpha) (DGK-alpha) (DAG kinase alpha) (80 kDa diacylglycerol kinase)
		Q16760 Diacylglycerol kinase delta (EC 2.7.1.107) (Diglyceride kinase delta) (DGK-delta) (DAG kinase delta) (130 kDa diacylglycerol kinase)
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR001206 (503 words)

	1997 Molecular Biology of Cell fertilization DAG article
		DAG may be needed for sperm-egg fusion in the sea urchin as neomycin (which presumably inhibits DAG production) inhibits sperm-egg fusion whereas calcium chelators do not (Swann et al., 1987).
		Eckberg and Szuts (1993) found a 15% increase in DAG mass within 5 min of fertilization of Cheatopterus eggs (in these eggs, maturation of the oocyte to the egg is coupled to fertilization; vertebrates such as Xenopus uncouple maturation and fertilization).
		Due to methodology concerns, the conflicting published turnover measurements and the possibility of DAG acting independently of PKC, DAG mass measurement is important for an understanding of the events of fertilization.
	carbon.cudenver.edu /~bstith/97art.htm (832 words)

	Olive Chemistry - The Olive Oil Source
		DAGs have been found to lower body fat when fed to subjects as the primary fat source.
		The levels of these acids (present as triacylglycerols) varies during the different maturation stages of the olive, varies with the variety and the growing conditions.
		Antioxidants: The flavenoid polyphenols in olive oil are natural anti-oxidants which have been shown to have a host of beneficial effects from healing sunburn to lowering cholesterol, blood pressure, and risk of coronary disease.
	www.oliveoilsource.com /olivechemistry.htm (1465 words)

	Mechanism of Inhibition of Cyclic Nucleotide-gated Ion Channels by Diacylglycerol -- Crary et al. 116 (6): 755 -- The ...
		DAG at saturating cGMP correlates with the current–voltage
		DAG is hypothesized to bind in hydrophobic crevices in closed channels, thereby allosterically hindering channel opening.
		DAG is hypothesized to insert into the bilayer, altering its mechanical properties and its interaction with the channels.
	www.jgp.org /cgi/content/full/116/6/755 (6769 words)

	Center for Cancer Research - Staff Pages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		A solid-phase method of synthesis of diacylglycerol lactones as a prelude to a combinatorial approach for the synthesis of protein kinase C isozyme-specific ligands.
		Conformationally constrained analogues of diacylglycerol having a perhydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-1,4-dione bis-gamma-butyrolactone skeleton.
		Synthesis of 2 rigid diacylglycerol analogs having a perhydrofuro[3,4-b]furan bis -gamma-butyrolactone skeleton.
	ccr.cancer.gov /Staff/publications.asp?profileid=5808 (5136 words)

	sn-1,2-Diacylglycerol Levels in the Fungus Neurospora crassa Display Circadian Rhythmicity -- Ramsdale and Lakin-Thomas ...
		The period of the DAG rhythm is correlated with the period of the conidiation rhythm in frq mutants.
		of DAG or the amplitude of its rhythm.
		The rhythm of DAG in cultures entrained to a light/dark cycle is presented in Fig.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/275/36/27541 (7874 words)

	[Frontiers in Bioscience, 3, d1109-1119, November 1, 1998]
		DAG is now known to activate sperm PKC (26), and PLA2 (27), and also to have a positive feedback effect on the PC-specific PLC (28).
		Similarly, inhibition of DAG lipase also led to enhancement of exocytosis, again indicating that DAG and not a derived metabolite is important in signalling (23).
		E.R.S. Roldan and R.A.P. Harrison: The role of diacylglycerol in the exocytosis of the sperm acrosome.
	www.bioscience.org /1998/v3/d/roldan/d1119.htm (8202 words)

	Diacylglycerol Kinase {zeta} Regulates Ras Activation by a Novel Mechanism -- Topham and Prescott 152 (6): 1135 -- The ...
		Diacylglycerol Kinase {zeta} Regulates Ras Activation by a Novel Mechanism -- Topham and Prescott 152 (6): 1135 -- The Journal of Cell Biology
		DAG is a lipid second messenger that transiently accumulates
		Translocation of Diacylglycerol Kinase {theta} from Cytosol to Plasma Membrane in Response to Activation of G Protein-coupled Receptors and Protein Kinase C
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/152/6/1135 (5516 words)

	Diacylglycerol and ceramide formation induced by dopamine D2S receptors via Gbeta gamma -subunits in Balb/c-3T3 cells ...
		Diacylglycerol (DAG) and ceramide are important second messengers affecting cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis.
		DAG and ceramide were quantified in parallel using the DAG kinase method, as described by Preiss et al.
		Bottom: the relative levels (% of control) of DAG and ceramide were quantified by phosphorimager scan, and the data are expressed as a function of apomorphine concentration as means ± SE from 3 independent experiments.
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/284/3/C640 (3622 words)

	Requirement of Aldose Reductase for the Hyperglycemic Activation of Protein Kinase C and Formation of Diacylglycerol in ...
		The DAG concentration in the extracts was measured in the membrane and cytosol using a radiometric assay kit.
		The DAG concentration in the extracts was measured using a radiometric assay kit.
		Exposure of VSMCs to high glucose results in increased generation of DAG and the activation of multiple PKC isoforms that affect cell growth, differentiation, and death and increase the generation of ROS.
	diabetes.diabetesjournals.org /cgi/content/full/54/3/818 (6452 words)

	Enhanced Nuclear Diacylglycerol Kinase Activity in Response to a Mitogenic Stimulation of Quiescent Swiss 3T3 Cells ...
		and in the absence of DAG kinase inhibitors.
		DAG kinase activity, and this issue should be clarified in the future.
		Divecha N., Banfic H., Irvine R. The polyphosphoinositide cycle exists in the nuclei of Swiss 3T3 cells under the control of a receptor (for IGF-I) in the plasma membrane, and stimulation of the cycle increases nuclear diacylglycerol and apparently induces translocation of protein kinase C to the nucleus.
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/60/4/815 (5709 words)

	APStracts 4:0139C, 1997. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Since many agonists utilise diacylglycerol (DAG) to initiate nuclear transcriptional activity via protein kinase C (PKC), we have investigated whether sphingosine might counter DAG.
		Recycling of DAG from PtdOH was prevented by a sphingosine-dependent inhibition of PtdOH phosphohydrolase-2 (PAP-2) activity.
		In conclusion, the sphingosine-induced conversion of DAG to PtdOH may serve to optimise the effect of sphingosine on MAPK.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/1997/cell/June/139c.html (218 words)

	[No title]
		The enzyme is stimulated by calcium and phosphatidylserine and phosphorylated by protein kinase C. This domain is always associated with IPR001206.
		Q39017 Diacylglycerol kinase 1 (EC 2.7.1.107) (Diglyceride kinase 1) (DGK 1) (DAG kinase 1)
		IPR001206 Diacylglycerol kinase, catalytic region 360 - 490
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR000756 (484 words)

	Glycogen Metabolism
		DAG binds to and activates protein kinase C (PKC) an enzyme that phosphorylates numerous substrate, one of which is glycogen synthase (see below).
		The enzyme PKC is activated by Ca ions and phospholipids, primarily diacylglycerol, DAG.
		hydrolysis are DAG and IP As described above for glycogen phoshorylase, DAG and the Ca ions released by IP activate PKC which phosphorylates and inactivates glycogen synthase.
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/glycogen.html (2825 words)

	Pfam 18.0 : DAGK_acc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a second messenger that acts as a protein kinase C activator.
		Upon cell stimulation, DAG kinase converts DAG into phosphatidate, initiating the resynthesis of phosphatidylinositols and attenuating protein kinase C activity.
		Molecular cloning of a novel diacylglycerol kinase isozyme with a pleckstrin homology domain and a C-terminal tail similar to those of the EPH family of protein-tyrosine kinases.
	pfam.wustl.edu /cgi-bin/getdesc?acc=PF00609 (235 words)

	Diacylglycerol generated in CHO cell plasma membrane by phospholipase C is used for triacylglycerol synthesis -- Igal ...
		of intact DAG from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum
		Its effect on diacylglycerol and thrombin-induced C kinase activation in the intact platelet.
		Pagano, R., Longmuir, K. Phosphorylation, transbilayer movement and facilitated intracellular transport of diacylglycerol are involved in the uptake of a fluorescent analog of a phosphatidic acid by cultured fibroblasts.
	www.jlr.org /cgi/content/full/42/1/88 (4409 words)

	Nutrition & Metabolism \| Full text \| PPAR-alpha agonism improves whole body and muscle mitochondrial fat oxidation, but ...
		Both DAG and long chain fatty acyl CoA have been shown to disrupt the insulin signaling pathway at the level of the insulin receptor signalling-1 protein (IRS-1), preventing translocation of glucose transporter to the cell surface membrane, and thus insulin stimulated glucose uptake [6].
		The fact that the fatty acid distribution in DAG differs from that in other intracellular lipids, which suggests that there is not a straightforward precursor-product relation as previously suggested [33] further complicates the potential link between altered intracellular lipids, insulin signaling and insulin sensitivity.
		However, the increase in PKC with insulin resistance is typically associated with increased concentrations of DAG, and we did not observe this relationship between PKC and basal concentrations of DAG.
	www.nutritionandmetabolism.com /content/4/1/9 (5065 words)

	TWC BioSearch International Signal Transduction
		I in the absence of PS and DAG is decreased to <3%.
		Diacylglycerols with various fatty acids in the 1,2-sn configuration are active, with those having an unsaturated fatty acid being most active
		Activation of protein kinase C by diacylglycerols is synergistic with cis-unsaturated fatty acids
	www.twcbiosearch.com /biomol/6kinase'.htm (5647 words)

	Diacylglycerol-Rich Domain Formation in Giant Stearoyl-Oleoyl Phosphatidylcholine Vesicles Driven by Phospholipase C ...
		The interfacial conformation and transbilayer movement of diacylglycerols in phospholipid bilayers.
		The phase behavior of aqueous dispersions of unsaturated mixtures of diacylglycerols and phospholipids.
		Interaction of diacylglycerols with phosphatidylcholine vesicles as studied by differential scanning calorimetry and fluorescent probe depolarization.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/85/4/2351 (6381 words)

	Biochem. J. (2007) 403, 1-12 - C. Yang and M.G. Kazanietz - Chimaerins
		Recent findings have established that chimaerins are regulated by tyrosine kinase and GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) via PLC (phospholipase C) activation and DAG generation to promote Rac inactivation.
		The finding that chimaerins, along with some other proteins, are receptors for DAG changed the prevalent view that PKC (protein kinase C) isoenzymes are the only cellular molecules regulated by DAG.
		Key words: chimaerin, diacylglycerol (DAG), phorbol ester, protein kinase C (PKC), Rac GTPase-activating protein (RacGAP).
	www.biochemj.org /bj/403/bj4030001.htm (328 words)

	Diacylglycerol generated in CHO cell plasma membrane by phospholipase C is used for triacylglycerol synthesis -- Igal ...
		Diacylglycerol generated in CHO cell plasma membrane by phospholipase C is used for triacylglycerol synthesis -- Igal et al.
		Diacylglycerol generated in CHO cell plasma membrane by phospholipase C is used for triacylglycerol synthesis
		RHC 80267 did not alter TAG synthesis from plasma membrane DAG,
	www.jlr.org /cgi/content/abstract/42/1/88 (554 words)

	PPAR{gamma} Agonists Ameliorate Endothelial Cell Activation via Inhibition of Diacylglycerol-Protein Kinase C Signaling ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Total cellular DAG levels (A) and PKC (B) activities were determined in HUVEC exposed to 5.5 mmol/L (NG) or 22 mmol/L glucose (HG) for 3 days followed by treatment with 2 µmol/L ciglitazone, 15d-PGJ2, or vehicle for 4 hours.
		Preferential elevation of protein kinase C isoform beta II and diacylglycerol levels in the aorta and heart of diabetic rats: differential reversibility to glycemic control by islet cell transplantation.
		Adenovirus-Mediated Overexpression of Diacylglycerol Kinase-{zeta} Inhibits Endothelin-1-Induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy
	circres.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/94/11/1515 (4158 words)

	Diacylglycerol-dependent Binding Recruits PKC{theta} and RasGRP1 C1 Domains to Specific Subcellular Localizations in ...
		Baron, C.L., and Malhotra, V. Role of diacylglycerol in PKD recruitment to the TGN and protein transport to the plasma membrane.
		Sanjuan, M.A., Jones, D.R., Izquierdo, M., and Merida, I. Role of diacylglycerol kinase alpha in the attenuation of receptor signaling.
		Valverde, A.M., Sinnett-Smith, J., Van Lint, J., and Rozengurt, E. Molecular cloning and characterization of protein kinase D: a target for diacylglycerol and phorbol esters with a distinctive catalytic domain.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/15/6/2932 (6733 words)

	Move over protein kinase C, you've got company: alternative cellular effectors of diacylglycerol and phorbol esters -- ...
		DAG level in the presynaptic active zone plasma membrane.
		DAG belong to the PKC family of serine/threonine kinases.
		Baron, C. and Malhotra, V. Role of diacylglycerol in PKD recruitment to the TGN and protein transport to the plasma membrane.
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/115/23/4399 (6202 words)

	UPENN \|\| Graduate Studies in Pharmalogical Sciences Graduate Group
		DAG and phorbol esters bind to the 50-51 amino acid C1 domains present in the regulatory region of PKC isozymes.
		In recent years, the traditional view of PKCs as the sole receptors for phorbol esters has been challenged with the discovery of proteins unrelated to PKC that bind DAG and phorbol esters with high affinity, suggesting a high degree of complexity in the signaling pathways activated by DAG.
		Three main areas of DAG signaling are currently under investigation.
	www.med.upenn.edu /pharmgg/bios/kazanietz.html (354 words)

	Positive Inotropy Mediated by Diacylglycerol in Rat Ventricular Myocytes -- Pi et al. 81 (1): 92 -- Circulation Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Response of cardiac myocytes to a ramp increase of diacylglycerol generated by photolysis of a novel caged diacylglycerol.
		Synergistic action of diacylglycerol and unsaturated fatty acid for protein kinase C activation: its possible implications.
		Inhibition of diacylglycerol metabolism in isolated cardiac myocytes by U-57908, a diacylglycerol lipase inhibitor.
	circres.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/81/1/92 (5101 words)

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