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	Dialectical materialism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dialectical materialism is the philosophical basis of Marxism as defined by later Communists and their Parties (sometimes called "orthodox" Marxism).
		Dialectical materialism may be defined as the philosophical doctrine which claims to "put Hegel's dialectics back on its feet" (Marx) and asserts that "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles." (The Communist Manifesto, 1848).
		Dialectical materialism was first elaborated by Lenin in Materialism and Empiriocriticism (1908) around three axes: the "materialist inversion" of Hegelian dialectics, the historicity of ethical principles ordered to class struggle and the convergence of "laws of evolution" in physics (Hemlholtz), biology (Darwin) and in political economics (Marx).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dialectical_materialism (1858 words)

	Glossary of Terms: Di (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Dialectics is the method of reasoning which aims to understand things concretely in all their movement, change and interconnection, with their opposite and contradictory sides in unity.
		Dialectics is opposed to the formal, metaphysical mode of thought of ordinary understanding which begins with a fixed definition of a thing according to its various attributes.
		Dialectics on the other hand understands that cause and effect are just one and another side of a whole network of relations such as we have in an ecosystem, and one thing cannot be changed without changing the whole system.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/terms/d/i.htm (5186 words)

	Philosophical Background to Activity Theory
		Through dialectical materialism was developed the fundamental Marxist premise that the history of society is the inexorable "history of class struggle." According to this premise, a specific class could rule only so long as it best represented the economically productive forces of society; when it became outmoded it would be destroyed and replaced.
		In theory dialectical materialism is meant to provide both a general worldview and a specific method for the investigation of scientific problems.
		Central to historical materialism is the belief that change takes place through the meeting of two opposing forces (thesis and antithesis); their opposition is resolved by combination produced by a higher force (synthesis).
	www.quasar.ualberta.ca /edpy597mappin/Modules/m15_philosophy.htm (1282 words)

	dialectical materialism articles on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		dialectical materialism DIALECTICAL MATERIALISM [dialectical materialism] official philosophy of Communism, based on the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, as elaborated by G. Plekhanov, V. Lenin, and Joseph Stalin.
		materialism MATERIALISM [materialism] in philosophy, a widely held system of thought that explains the nature of the world as entirely dependent on matter, the fundamental and final reality beyond which nothing need be sought.
		dialectic DIALECTIC [dialectic] [Gr art of conversation], in philosophy, term originally applied to the method of philosophizing by means of question and answer employed by certain ancient philosophers, notably Socrates.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/03627.html (353 words)

	Ralph Dumain: "The Autodidact Project": T.I. Oizerman: Dialectical Materialism & Hegel's Philosophy of the History of ...
		Hegel's dialectical idealism is a brilliant theory of the history of philosophy which, however, distorts that history by reducing it to the history of idealism.
		Idealism—even dialectical idealism—is incapable of grasping the significance of materialist philosophy.
		That essentially dialectical theory is the theory of the development of philosophical knowledge which, in turn, serves as a basis for Hegel's specific and systematic study of the worldwide history of philosophy.
	www.autodidactproject.org /other/oizer-dmhp1b.html (6854 words)

	American Materialism
		Though materialism can be traced as far back as Hegel, an early philosopher, Marx was the first to apply materialistic ideas to human societies in a quasi-anthropological manner.
		The dialectic element of Marx’s approach is in the feedback or interplay between the infrastructure (i.e., resources, economics), the structure (i.e., politcal makeup, kinship), and the superstructure (i.e., religion, ideology).
		Materialism, in anthropology, is methodologically and theoretically opposed to Idealism.
	www.as.ua.edu /ant/Faculty/murphy/material.htm (1834 words)

	Ralph Dumain: "The Autodidact Project": "Matter & Motion" by L. Bazhenov
		The material is not in terms of the Aristotelian counterposition of passive material and active form, but rather material in the sense of proto‑matter, proto‑substance underlying all and sundry.
		Dialectical Materialism liberates the concept of proto‑matter from a metaphysical interpretation and presumably, admits it as some relative proto‑matter and the recognition of the latter's various structural levels of which none is final and definitive.
		The essence of the dialectical solution to the problem of the interrelationship between the higher and lower forms of motion lies in recognizing the unity of the opposites: the qualitative distinction of a higher form, and an unbreakable liaison of a higher with a lower form.
	www.autodidactproject.org /other/bazhenov.html (8719 words)

	HUMANISM, IDEALISM, MATERIALISM
		Dialectical materialism is still on the rise and is sustained as the official doctrine of all totalitarian communist countries.
		This epistemological materialism asserts that all statements must be meaningful, and that to be meaningful a statement must be intersubjectively testable (the so-called verifiability principle, which is supposed to carve away metaphysics).
		Material substances and processes may have no existence independent of mind (subjective idealism) or while existing, this reality may express human purposes and values; or reality's basic nature may be mind in that our conceptions of reality are more determined by mind than matter itself (objective idealism).
	www.hawaii.edu /powerkills/DPF.CHAP32.HTM (6118 words)

	dialectical materialism
		In theory dialectical materialism is meant to provide both a general world view and a specific method for the investigation of scientific problems.
		Historical materialism is deterministic; that is, it prescribes that history inevitably follows certain laws and that individuals have little or no influence on its development.
		materialism - materialism, in philosophy, a widely held system of thought that explains the nature of the world...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/society/A0815402.html (371 words)

	JAILBREAK! An Introduction to Dialectical Materialism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Dialectical materialism uses the categories of "appearance" and "essence" to make this crucial distinction, between what is superficial and misleading, and what is the not-so-obvious underlying truth.
		Dialectical materialism not only provides tools for exposing and rejecting capitalist ideology, but also is the effective way for oppressed people to search for the truth.
		At some point in a discussion of dialectics the question often arises: "What is freedom?" One young person in a recent class said that freedom to her meant the absence of responsibility to anyone else.
	www.plp.org /comm03/9jailbreak.html (8112 words)

	Marx Myths: The Origins of Dialectical Materialism by Z. A. Jordan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Although the term ‘dialectical materialism’ is of later origin, there is no doubt that the oldest and most authoritative exposition of the doctrine itself is to be found in Anti-Dühring.
		Similarly, a few years later Sidney Hook claimed that Marx did not conceive of dialectical materialism as a doctrine of nature, distinct from a theory of society and history, for the attempt to apply the dialectics to nature was incompatible with his basic position.
		This particular combination of intellectual attitudes appears in turn to be incompatible with the view that Engels is the founder of dialectical materialism, for he is, or is widely considered to be, a positivist rather than a Hegelian.
	marxmyths.org /jordan/article.htm (5689 words)

	What Is Marxism? An Introduction to Dialectical Materialism
		Dialectical materialism, the basis of Marxist philosophy is still the most modern method of thought that exists.
		Dialectical Materialism – the science of the general laws of motion and development of nature, human society and thought – was and remains a revolutionary philosophy, challenging capitalism in every sphere and substituting science for dreams and prejudice.
		The roots of dialectical thought can be traced back to the ancient Greeks who, just because their civilisation was not yet advanced enough to dissect and analyse nature in its separate parts, viewed nature as a whole, in its connections, dialectically.
	www.marxism.org.uk /pack/dialetics.html (3970 words)

	Dialectical Materialism by J Pickard
		Dialectics is quite simply the logic of motion, or the logic of common sense to activists in the movement.
		A second law of dialectics is 'the law of the negation of the negation', and again it sounds more complicated than it really is. 'Negation' in this sense simply means the passing away of one thing, the death of one thing as it becomes transformed into another.
		That is why natural science can still have a scientific method which leans towards dialectical materialism; but when it comes to the social sciences you will find in the colleges and universities some of the worst kinds of formalism and idealism possible.
	www.marxist.com /Theory/JPickard.html (3945 words)

	What is dialectical materialism?
		To begin with, materialism and idealism have nothing whatsoever in common with their everyday usage, where materialism is associated with material greed and swindling (in short, the morality of present-day capitalism) and idealism with high ideals and virtue.
		Thereby the dialectic of concepts itself became merely the conscious reflex of the dialectical motion of the real world and thus the dialectic of Hegel was turned over; or rather, turned off its head, on which it was standing, and placed upon its feet.
		From the standpoint of dialectical materialism, on the other hand, philosophical idealism is a one-sided, exaggerated, development (inflation, distension) of one of the features, aspects, facets of knowledge, into an absolute, divorced from matter, from nature, apotheosised.
	www.marxist.com /Theory/study_guide1.html (13114 words)

	CPUSA Online - Dialectical Materialism
		This section is organized in a sequence similar to a textbook on dialectical materialism.
		After discussing the nature and role of philosophy, the quotations focus on materialism and the basic conflict with philosophical idealism, then on the nature of dialectics, the three laws of dialectics and some categories (less important laws), and finally the theory of knowledge, the nature of knowledge and how to gain knowledge.
		Secondly, dialectical logic requires that an object should be taken in development, in change, in 'self-movement' (as Hegel sometimes puts it)...Thirdly, a full 'definition' of an object must include the whole of human experience, both as a criterion of truth and a practical indicator of its connection with human wants.
	www.cpusa.org /article/articleview/494/1/104 (1868 words)

	Monthly Review May 2005 Brett Clark and Richard York
		Their focus on the dialectics of nature, though undeveloped and still at times insufficiently dialectical, was thus not a strange, deviant tangent of science as often alleged.
		In day to day operations, any number of materials (rocks, water, etc.) may exist in the environment, but organisms interact and utilize a small portion of what is available; thus in their patterns of life they determine what is relevant to their development.
		The dialectical interchange between the environment and the organism is a central tenet of the coevolutionary position.
	www.monthlyreview.org /0505clarkyork.htm (3327 words)

	Satanic Reds
		Materialism in this sense does not refer to greed or the common meaning that spiritual people put to it such as, "You are so materialistic." It means matter and energy, the material nature of reality itself and the constant changing and constant interaction of what is in our reality.
		Dialectics is a method of thinking and interpreting the world of both nature and society.
		Dialectics is thus an essentially dynamic interpretation of the phenomena and processes which occur at all levels of both organic and inorganic matter.
	www.geocities.com /SatanicReds/diamat.html (6963 words)

	Theory and History; Chapter 7
		The other was materialism, the doctrine of the opposition bent upon a revolutionary overthrow of the political system of Metteruich and of Christian orthodoxy as well as of private property.
		Many of them look upon materialism as an ethical doctrine teaching that men ought only to strive after satisfaction of the needs of their bodies and after a life of pleasure and revelry, and ought not to bother about anything else.
		The refutation of dialectical materialism implies, of course, invalidation of the Marxian vindication of socialism.
	www.mises.org /th/chapter7.asp (13379 words)

	Ecology and Dialectical Materialism (by L. Proyect)
		Recent reading has convinced me that it is time to reconsider dialectical materialism, the unjustly maligned attempt by Marx and Engels to provide a unified analysis of society and nature.
		Dialectical materialism has gotten a bad reputation from its use in Soviet apologetics, but, despite this, an updated version can provide insights into the environmental crisis that historical materialism simply can not.
		Ricardo was typical of this view when he wrote, "The brewer, the distiller, the dyer, make incessant use of the air and water for the production of their commodities; but as the supply is boundless, they bear no price." Deléage's whole purpose is to quantify the unquantifiable: the environmental costs of capitalist production.
	www.columbia.edu /~lnp3/mydocs/ecology/diamat_ecology.htm (2071 words)

	Philosophical Dictionary: Derrida-Dilthey
		Dialectic is questioning and conversation for Socrates, but Plato regarded it as a systematic method for studying the Forms of suprasensible reality.
		Although he frequently employed dialectical methods in his own writing, Aristotle maintained that it is inferior to the careful logical reasoning that aims at theoretical knowledge {Gk.
		Thus, Kant's "Transcendental Dialectic" is an attempt to show the general futility of abstract metaphysical speculation, but dialectic is, for Hegel, the fundamental process of development—in both thought and reality—from thesis to antithesis to synthesis.
	www.philosophypages.com /dy/d5.htm (939 words)

	Dialectics for Kids
		Dialectics is a tool to understand the way things are and the way things change.
		The tool of dialectics is so powerful that Michio Kaku describes the history of the universe for its first 10 billion years by a series of dialectical stages, using only 250 words.
		Dialectics argues that these cycles do not come back exactly to where they started; they don't make a perfect circle.
	home.igc.org /~venceremos/whatheck.htm (1095 words)

	Dialectical and Historical Materialism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		It is called dialectical materialism because its approach to the phenomena of nature, its method of studying and apprehending them, is dialectical, while its interpretation of the phenomena of nature, its conception of these phenomena, its theory, is materialistic.
		Historical materialism is the extension of the principles of dialectical materialism to the study of social life, an application of the principles of dialectical materialism to the phenomena of the life of society, to the study of society and of its history.
		In ancient times dialectics was the art of arriving at the truth by disclosing the contradictions in the argument of an opponent and overcoming these contradictions.
	ptb.sunhost.be /marx2mao/Stalin/DHM38.html (7735 words)

	[History] > 19th Century - Quph - Age of Materialism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Dialectical Materialism is the theoretical foundation of the Materialist Conception of History
		The general appeal of materialism in the nineteenth century is shown by the popularity of the 1855 work by Ludwig BÜCHNER, Kraft und Stoff (Force and Matter), which passed through sixteen editions.
		Despite such excursions into, 'vulgar materialism', the nineteenth century became a period of intense debate for scientists and philosophers alike in regard to the limits of scientific knowledge and the, epistemological problems of metaphysical materialism.
	www.biblewheel.com /History/C19_Materialism.asp (1185 words)

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