Dialectics of Nature

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	CPUSA Online - Dialectical Materialism
		After discussing the nature and role of philosophy, the quotations focus on materialism and the basic conflict with philosophical idealism, then on the nature of dialectics, the three laws of dialectics and some categories (less important laws), and finally the theory of knowledge, the nature of knowledge and how to gain knowledge.
		"Dialectics is nothing more than the science of the general laws of motion and development of nature, human society and thought."
		The others who regarded nature as primary, belong to the various schools of materialism.."
	www.cpusa.org /article/articleview/494/1/104 (1868 words)

	The Ecole Glossary
		He was conversant in the dialectics of Gilbert de la Porrée concerning the relationship between God and nature; Alanus is thought to have been a student and/or disciple of Gilbert.
		His most famous work, De planctu naturae (The Plaint of Nature, 1160-1175), is a dialogue in which nature and the narrator lament the vices of the world and deplore those who do not apprehend the simplicity of nature.
		For Alanus, nature is the essential link between God and man. Alanus attacked the Cathar and Waldensian heresies, and his Liber poenitentiales is the earliest of medieval confessor's manuals.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/alain.html (1868 words)

	The Ecole Glossary
		He was conversant in the dialectics of Gilbert de la Porrée concerning the relationship between God and nature; Alanus is thought to have been a student and/or disciple of Gilbert.
		His most famous work, De planctu naturae (The Plaint of Nature, 1160-1175), is a dialogue in which nature and the narrator lament the vices of the world and deplore those who do not apprehend the simplicity of nature.
		The sequel, Anticlaudianus, is said to be a medieval model of The Divine Comedy in which Nature asks God to create the perfect man.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/alain.html (222 words)

	Ecology and Dialectical Materialism (by L. Proyect)
		"For Marx, the dialectic is situated more within science, within the human context--that is, than within nature itself--while for Engels, especially in his later works, the dialectic is situated in the very heart of matter, independent of man. Engels investigations into the dialectics of nature were encouraged by Marx.
		Recent reading has convinced me that it is time to reconsider dialectical materialism, the unjustly maligned attempt by Marx and Engels to provide a unified analysis of society and nature.
		The opposed philosophical tradition of Plato, which posits a duality between mind and nature, is certainly at the root of Christian theology itself which Engels attacks.
	www.columbia.edu /~lnp3/mydocs/ecology/diamat_ecology.htm (2071 words)

	What is dialectical materialism?
		Dialectics, states Engels in Anti-Duhring, "is nothing more than the science of the general laws of motion and development of nature, human society and thought." Put simply, it is the logic of motion.
		From the standpoint of dialectical materialism, on the other hand, philosophical idealism is a one-sided, exaggerated, development (inflation, distension) of one of the features, aspects, facets of knowledge, into an absolute, divorced from matter, from nature, apotheosised.
		"In brief", states Lenin, "dialectics can be defined as the doctrine of the unity of opposites.
	www.marxist.com /Theory/study_guide1.html (13114 words)

	Ralph Dumain: "The Autodidact Project": Roy Wood Sellars: Reflections: Chapter 8
		The area of dialectics would seem to be that of the texture of thinking, on the one hand, and of the categorial texture of nature, on the other.
		Engels speaks of both objective dialectics and subjective dialectics, the latter being a reflection of the former.
		Neo‑Thomism was dominated by the assumptions of Christian theism and sought in Aristotelianism its epistemology and its ontological categories.
	www.autodidactproject.org /other/sellarsrefl-8.html (6898 words)

	The Dynamics of Thought
		The idea that mind proceeds by dialectics is an old one, going back to the Greeks and elaborated by scores of Hegelian and Marxist theorists, yet never before has the dialectical approach to mind been successfully connected with formal logic, brain function, or cognitive and perceptual psychology.
		Today it is making a surprise comeback in the discovery of broadly applicable dynamical process patterns in nature, for example, in patterns of plant and animal morphogenesis, but also in the contemporary re-examination of traditional issues in psychology, mathematics, and philosophy.
		The chapters collected here are part of a newly emerging understanding of mind, one that is both holistic and scientific in nature, and that seamlessly integrates the latest developments in mathematics, physics and brain science with the nature of subjective experience..
	www.meta-religion.com /Psychiatry/Consciousness/dynamics_of_thought.htm (2891 words)

	History, India: Indian Philosophy, Science,Technology, Inventions
		Upanishadic philosophy, Secularism, the rational schools of Nyaya Vaisheshika, Nyaya epistomology, Dialectics in Nature, the atomic theories of the Jains and Buddhists:
		Study of Physics and Chemistry; Theories about Heat and Elementary Particles; Wave Nature of Sound and Light; Types of Motion; Physical Phenomenon such as Elasticity, Viscosity, Surface Tension, Magnetism etc; Comparisons with European Science after the 13th C: History of the Physical Sciences in India
		Technology in Harappa and Mohenjodaro; Indian geography, social conditions and the impetus to technological breakthroughs; Support for technology in Ancient and Medieval India; India and the Industrial Revolution:
	india_resource.tripod.com /indianhistory.html (211 words)

	Amazon.ca: Rabbi Moses Nahmanides (Ramban: Explorations in His Religious and Literary Virtuosity,: Books
		Ramban's attitude to aggadah, poetry, exegesis and rationalism, his coupling of genuine conservatism and powerful originality, his views on the nature of man, law of nature, miracles, history of kabbalah, dialectics of halakah, his relation to the Spanish intellectual-spiritual background, Proencal culture, and French Talmudism--these are some of the topics explored in these pages.
		In connection with these specific topics of Nahmanides research, some broader historical issues are also touched upon: continuities and differences between Islamic and Christian Spain; varieties of thirteenth-centurey kabbalah; preoccupations of medieval halakists; root problems of Scriptural exegesis; the re-orientation of Hebrew poetry in Christian Spain; the relation of philosophy and mysticism.
		Anyone interested in the luminous achievement and enduring influence of Ramban, probably the greatest figure in 13th century Jewish history, will turn to this volume.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0674745604 (257 words)

	Philosophy Computers, Directory
		Polycontexturality Homepage The idea of an extension of classical logic to cover simultaneously active ontological locations develop a philosophical theory and a mathematics of dialectics and of self-referential systems - a cybernetic theory of subjectivity as an interplay of cognition and volition.
		PSYCHE: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Consciousness "A refereed electronic journal dedicated to supporting the interdisciplinary exploration of the nature of consciousness and its relation to the brain."
		Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness ASSC "promotes research directed toward understanding the nature, function, and underlying mechanisms of consciousness."
	www.sigmbi.org /c2lnXzU3OTk=.aspx (257 words)

	New Page 2
		The respectable name of Plato was used by the orthodox, and abused by the heretics, as the common support of truth and error; the authority of his skilful commentators and the science of dialectics were employed to justify the remote consequences of his opinions, and to supply the discreet silence of the inspired writers.
		After Constantine silenced the true followers of Jesus with the power of the sword in the fourth century because they refused to accept the religion of the emperor, all that was left was the Gentile church which was very Pagan in nature, that had come to be known as Christian.
		The same subtle and profound questions concerning the nature, the generation, the distinction, and the equality of the three divine persons of the mysterious Triad, or Trinity, were agitated in the philosophical and in the Christian schools of Alexandria” (The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire).
	mystic.nazirene.org /SonOfGod.htm (15336 words)

	DIALECTICAL MARXISM: The Writings of Bertell Ollman
		All of Marx's theories have been shaped by his dialectical outlook and its accompanying categories, and it is only by grasping dialectics that these theories can be properly understood, evaluated, and put to use.
		Recent years have witnessed a modest renaissance of interest in dialectics as a growing number of Marxist writers have adopted it as a privileged vantage point from which to examine Marx's other theories.
		What served to explain a particular theory, though, was not enough to account for how he arrived at this theory nor to help people study other aspects of society in the manner of Marx.
	www.nyu.edu /projects/ollman/docs/dd_ch00.php (15336 words)

	Stafford, Feminism and Hegel
		For Mills, this refusal of the dialectics of non-identity, of the particular, of difference, is especially relevant to the case of Antigone, who symbolizes for her the excluded forms of female experience.
		This dichotomy of transcendence/immanence is Simone de Beauvoir's; for whom woman's characteristic "immanence" is identified with her animal nature, her biological functions as child-bearer and mother, which must be subdued and transcended if she is to assume the status of a free, rational human individual, the equal of her male counterpart.
		He justifies this spiritual division of labour by insisting that there are natural differences between men and women such that each by nature is suited, indeed has a vocation grounded in reason itself, for the part they play.
	www.mun.ca /animus/1997vol2/staford1.htm (12179 words)

	Eugenia L. Bassani - BIOFISICA E PULSOLOGIA
		At the Centre is found the “harmony within nature”, which is the role of the therapist according to CTM; the dialectics' dualism favours the reunion of separate elements and the definition of its complementarity, or else their opposition and contradiction.
		It is nature itself which “governs” the results pursued and obtained in harmony with the laws of the cosmos.
		It is the dialectic which operates in favour of the understanding and the organization of a multitude of vital dualisms and, at the same time, considers its constant relativity occurring inside the union of contraries or in the contradiction of the unity.
	www.eugeniabassani.it /eb/en/cap_09.htm (965 words)

	Dialectical Materialism - from Hegel to Marx
		Dialectics, on the other hand knows full well that both in nature and history as well as human thought leaps are inevitable.
		He made use of all the powers of his genius, all the gigantic resources of his dialectics to give at least some scientific character to the idealist conception of history.
		Modern dialectical materialism had made clear to itself the truth that people make history unconsciously: from its standpoint the course of history is determined in the final analysis not by man's will, but by the development of the productive forces.
	vlc.knowledgecollegetutors.com /phil1.htm (5215 words)

	SmartPedia.com - Free Online Encyclopedia - Encyclopedia Books.
		Dialectics is the science of the most general laws of development of nature, society, and thought.
		Although Hegel and Marx themselves never used the "thesis, antithesis, synthesis" model tosummarize dialectics or dialectical materialism, it is now commonly used to illustrate the essence of the method.
		Dialectical materialism was foreshadowed in Taoism, an ostensibly materialisticphilosophical system which, being free of supernatural elements, posits anaturalistic unity of complementary polarities known as Yin and Yang.
	www.smartpedia.com /smart/browse/Dialectic_materalism (5215 words)

	Dialectic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Today, "dialectics" can also refer to an understanding of how we can or should perceive the world (epistemology), an assertion of the interconnected, contradictory, and dynamic nature of the world outside our perception of it (ontology), or a method of presentation of ideas or conclusions.
		Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels believed Hegel was "standing on his head", and claimed to put him back on his feet, ridding Hegel's logic of its idealist orientation, and conceiving what is now known as materialist or Marxist dialectics.
		Hegel's dialectic, which he usually presented in a threefold manner, was vulgarized by Heinrich Moritz Chalybäus as comprising three dialectical stages of development: a thesis, giving rise to its reaction, an antithesis which contradicts or negates the thesis, and the tension between the two being resolved by means of a synthesis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dialectic (5215 words)

	dialectic -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		also called dialectics originally a form of logical argumentation but now a philosophical concept of evolution applied to diverse fields including thought, nature, and history.
		French theologian and philosopher best known for his solution of the problem of universals and for his original use of dialectics.
		Among the classical Greek thinkers, the meanings of dialectic ranged from a technique of refutation in debate, through a method for systematic evaluation of definitions, to the investigation and classification…
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?eu=30745&tocid=0&query=dialectics&ct= (453 words)

	DIALECTIC Pulse of Freedom
		I shall also be arguing in C2.6 that although Hegel's global and crucial local dialectics fail, dialectical arguments are a perfectly proper species of transcendental argument belonging to the wider genus of retroductive (ascending)–explanatory (descending) argumentation in science.
		Apart from what I have said here, I would make only the rather immodest claim that this is the only system of dialectical philosophy I know to sustain an adequate account of negativity and, a fortiori, since this is the linchpin of all dialectics, I hope of dialectic itself.
		Kantian dialectic showed the inherently limited nature of human cognitive and moral powers, the resulting inherent impossibilities, as well as the conditions of possibility of human (non-archetypal, non-holy) intelligence and will.
	www.econ.utah.edu /~ehrbar/dpf.htm (14540 words)

	Materialism and Empirio-Criticism: Chapter 5; The Recent Revolution In Natural Science And Philosophical Idealism
		But dialectical materialism insists on the approximate, relative character of every scientific theory of the structure of matter and its properties; it insists on the absence of absolute boundaries in nature, on the transformation of moving matter from one state into another, which is to us apparently irreconcilable with it, and so forth.
		But we must not forget that, apart from the general prejudices against materialism common to all educated philistines, the most outstanding theoreticians are handicapped by a complete ignorance of dialectics.
		Materialism to a Humean must appear to be metaphysics, dogma, a transgression of the bounds of experience, and so forth.
	www.marxists.org /archive/lenin/works/1908/mec/05.htm (14540 words)

	THE JUCHE IDEA
		The world, viewed by the founders of Marxism when applying the general law governing the material world to social history, is an integrity of not only nature but also man and society in that they are material beings.
		This means an unaltered application of the principle of materialistic dialectics to society, the principle that the world is of material and changes and develops in accordance with the general law of the motion of material.
		If you consider man as a part of the world, a material integrity, not as a social being with independence, creativity and consciousness, and apply the general law of the movement of material world to social history, you cannot avoid seeing the social-historical movement as a process of the history of nature."
	website.lineone.net /~ncmlp/html/juchegaz.html (2501 words)

	Medical Classic of the Yellow Emperor (Huang Di Nei Jing)
		Prevailed the theories of yin-yang and the five elements in plain materialist dialectics, which were used to explain the changes of nature in the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC - 476 BC) and Warring States Period (475 BC - 221 BC).
		Many things involved are put into correspondences organically, such as the waxing and waning of the yin and yang of nature; the five elements that constitute the world, i.e., wood, fire, soil, metal and water; the running of the sun and moon and stars.
		The Medical Classic of the Yellow Emperor (Huang Di Nei Jing), which is also translated by Ilza Veith as The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine (1966), is the oldest extant classic of TCM and the source of theory for this independent medical system.
	www.mendiseasestcm.com /neijinge.htm (3104 words)

	Hints
		The Theoretical Idea is the completed Notion or concrete concept of the world or object; the Practical Idea is the activity expressing this concept (practice); the unity of the two means fully “conscious practice”, people acting in true accord with their own nature.
		In dialectics, the Notion is a unity of opposites if it is to capture both the inner contradictions which motivate the thing and constitute its life-process, and its connection with its Other.
		See C L R James on the Notion, and Abstract Universal and Notion in Hegel's Logic and the Notion in Nature and Society and Unity of Opposites and Equally Analytic and Synthetic and Truth of Actuality and The Truth of its Genesis and Judgment and Syllogism and Subject - Object - Idea.
	www.marxists.org /reference/archive/hegel/help/hints.htm (7128 words)

	Smith.Dialectical_Social_Theory.Lawler93
		The "analytical Marxist" decomposition of Marx's work into a set discrete and fixed theses about the nature of capitalism-- usually with an ever-diminishing number of defensible ones -- tends to support the idea that Marxism must be relegated to the 19th century, when those theses appear to be best exemplified.
		Jon Elster rejects dialectics as the "yoga of Marxism" in part because the connection between the categories of Hegelian dialectics is neither that of cause and effect, axiom and theorem, or fact and condition of possibility.
		The criticisms of dialectical Marxism by Colletti, Roemer and Baudrillard likewise fail to understand essential characteristics of the dialectical methodology that is at the heart of Marx's work.
	www.etext.org /Politics/Progressive.Sociologists/reviews/Smith.Dialectical_Social_Theory.Lawler93 (1350 words)

	Historical overview of Greek dialectics
		Needless to say, the contemporary theories of phase transitions, of catastrophes and dynamic instabilities are going the same pathway and yielding the same results: that the structural, eikonic nature of mathematic (eidetic) theories is not only governing the process of meonical being, but also even visible in the computer screen.
		But from here, b27-31 it is clear that Platon ascribed them specific quality and not held them as quantitative constructions, and operations with them are not arithmetical but of logical and dialectical nature.
		Here Platon and Xenocrates give the new concept, concept of continuum, and also the means by which the creative energeia of these Numbers makes the kosmos.
	vt.fermentas.lt /philo/kosmos/c.1.2.html (1350 words)

	Sayers Project
		When reading Gaudy Night, one of the many roman policier written by Dorothy Sayers in the first half of the Twentieth Century, the reader is immediately drawn to the dichotomous themes developed within the plot and nature of the characters.
		I will refute these claims through an exploration of the author’s use of structure, development of the main characters (Harriet and Peter Wimsey), and their usage of dialectics.
		It is my argument that not only is Gaudy Night anything but a pro-feminist piece of literary work, but through research into the author’s personal life it becomes abundantly clear that to raise Dorothy Sayers to the iconic position of a positive role-model for the modern feminist movement is absurd.
	www.louisville.edu /~bpbake01/sayers2.htm (742 words)

	Jennifer Reeves
		Nils Gallery, Williamsburg, NY Caren Golden Gallery, The Nature of the Beast, New York, NY Danese Gallery, Northern Woods, New York, NY 450 Broadway, NY, Fusion, collaboration, curated by Condon and Mers
		Stefan Stux Gallery, New York, NY; Complimentary Dialectics: Recent Paintings, (with Bill Barrette), (Jan. 15 – Feb. 14)
		Brent Sikkema Gallery, New York, NY and Lawrence Rubin – Greenberg Van Doren Gallery NY; Another Country, curated by Augusto Arbizo (June)
	jenniferreeves.com /reeves-resume.html (1082 words)

	Neither Us nor Them: Poetry Anthologies, Canon Building, and the Silencing of William Bronk
		Nevertheless, the silencing of poets such as William Bronk, when placed in a socio-historical context, accentuates the processes and assumptions that were central to the political and literary dialectics of late 1950s and early 1960s poetry canons and the symbolic nature of canon-building as manifest in and by the anthologies.
		The case of William Bronk is, therefore, illuminating both in terms of the late 1950s/early 1960s poetry scene as well as in the canonical debates that have occurred since then and rendered materially at the level of the anthology.
		Bronk's apolitical poetry was not in keeping with the political tastes of the time, yet his publications seemed to have gained a "literary" presence.
	www.argotistonline.co.uk /Clippinger%20essay.htm (8152 words)

	Enlightenment materialism or dialectical materialism - www.communistvoice.org
		As we have seen, Sokal and Bricmont's denial that the advance of science since the Enlightenment has added something essentially new to materialism is connected to their denial of the role of contradiction and dialectics in science.
		Sokal and Bricmont's denigration of historical materialism is one of the causes of the shallowness of their view of the crisis of the left.
		Sokal and Bricmont showed that the passages about science in various works of these authors were incomprehensible not due to their depth of thought, but because they were mistaken or even meaningless.
	www.flash.net /~comvoice/20cSokalLong.html (17602 words)

	Friendship - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There is no friendship between men that has not an element of sexuality in it, however little accentuated it may be in the nature of the friendship, and however painful the idea of the sexual element would be.
		Various theories of friendship have been proposed, among which are social psychology, social exchange theory, equity theory, relational dialectics, and attachment styles.
		Friendship was considered one of the central human experiences, and has been sanctified by all major religions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Friendship (2015 words)

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In the News (Wed 30 Dec 09)