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Topic: Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems

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	Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo) was Galileo's comparison of the Copernican system, in which the Earth and other planets orbit the Sun, with the traditional Ptolemaic system, in which everything in the Universe circles around the Earth.
		He was ordered to remove all mention of tides from the title and to change the preface, because granting approval to such a title would look like approval of his theory of the tides, which attempted to prove the motion of the Earth physically.
		The dialogue does not treat the Tychonic system, which was becoming the preferred system of the Catholic church at the time of publication.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dialogue_Concerning_the_Two_Chief_World_Systems (1133 words)

	Galileo's ship - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems considers all the common arguments against the idea that the Earth moves.
		One of these is that if the Earth is spinning on its axis, then we are all moving to the east at hundreds of miles an hour; hence, a ball dropped from a tower, moving straight down, will fall to the west of the tower, which has moved some distance east in the interim.
		Hence, any two systems moving without acceleration are equivalent, and unaccelerated motion is relative.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Galileo's_ship (733 words)

	Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, THE SECOND DAY
		The other opinion, removing this disparity from the world's parts, considers the earth to enjoy the same perfection as other integral bodies of the universe; in short, to be a movable and a moving body no less than the moon, Jupiter, Venus, or any other planet.
		This, in so far as first appearances are concerned, may just as logically belong to the earth alone as to the rest of the universe, since the same appearances would prevail as much in the one situation as in the other.
		Now, having divided the universe into two parts, one of which is necessarily movable and the other motionless, it is the same thing to make the earth alone move, and to move all the rest of the universe, so far as concerns any result which may depend upon such movement.
	www.math.dartmouth.edu /~matc/Readers/renaissance.astro/7.2.DialogueDay2.html (8977 words)

	Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, THE FIRST DAY
		Thus we have defined the two dimensions of a surface; that is, length and breadth.
		Aristotle in his first division separates the whole into two differing and, in a way, contrary parts: namely, the celestial and the elemental, the former being ingenerable, incorruptible, inalterable, impenetra ble, etc.; the latter being exposed to continual alteration, mutation, etc. He takes this difference from the diversity of local motions as his original principle.
		Leaving, so to speak, the sensible world and retiring into the ideal world, he begins architec tonically to consider that, nature being the principle of motion, it is appropriate that natural bodies should be endowed with local motion.
	www.math.dartmouth.edu /~matc/Readers/renaissance.astro/7.1.DialogueDay1.html (10121 words)

	Dixie State College of Utah \| Department
		Collecting all the reflections that properly concern the Copernican system, I shall make it known that everything was brought before the attention of the Roman censorship, and that there proceed from this clime not only dogmas for the welfare of the soul, but ingenious discoveries for the delight of the mind as well.
		I often talked with these two of such matters in the presence of a certain Peripatetic philosopher whose greatest obstacle in apprehending the truth seemed to be the reputation he had acquired by his interpretations of Aristotle.
		See, then, how two simple noncontradictory motions assigned to the earth, performed in periods well suited to their sizes, and also conducted from west to east as in the case of all movable world bodies, supply adequate causes for all the visible phenomena.
	dsc.dixie.edu /owl/syllabi/GalileoDialogue.htm (3201 words)

	SparkNotes: Galileo Galilei: The Dialogue of the Two World Systems
		SparkNotes: Galileo Galilei: The Dialogue of the Two World Systems
		However, he waited two years before delivering it, composing in the meantime the 1622 treatise "The Assayer," which issued a rallying cry for what he believed to be the true path of scientific thought: "Philosophy is written in this grand book, the universe, which stands continually open to our gaze," he wrote.
		The dialogue form allowed him to claim impartiality– he was "equally" presenting both views–although in fact, of course, he clearly weighted the dialogue toward the Copernican point of view.
	www.sparknotes.com /biography/galileo/section7.rhtml (912 words)

	Science & Theology News - The Censoring of Galileo in Romania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Two of Galileo’s most important works, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems [1] and Dialogues on Two New Sciences [2], were first translated into Romanian in the early 1960s.
		It was a landmark in Romanian culture as the two of them were joining the Romanian versions of Newton’s Principles and Darwin’s On the Origin of the Species on the list of books that had made a key contribution to building up the modern image of the world.
		[4] Galileo Galilei, Dialogue concerning the Two Chief World Systems, transl.
	www.stnews.org /News-1104.htm (4094 words)

	Galileo Galilei
		Galileo was born in Pisa, Tuscany, on February 15, 1564, the oldest son of Vincenzo Galilei, a musician who made important contributions to the theory and practice of music and who may have performed some experiments with Galileo in 1588-89 on the relationship between pitch and the tension of strings.
		His reputation was, however, increasing, and later that year he was asked to deliver two lectures to the Florentine Academy, a prestigious literary group, on the arrangement of the world in Dante's Inferno.
		In the Dialogue's witty conversation between Salviati (representing Galileo), Sagredo (the intelligent layman), and Simplicio (the dyed-in-the-wool Aristotelian), Galileo gathered together all the arguments (mostly based on his own telescopic discoveries) for the Copernican theory and against the traditional geocentric cosmology.
	www.crystalinks.com /galileo.html (2434 words)

	Dialogue of Two Chief World Systems - Galileo
		Dialogue of Two Chief World Systems - Galileo
		At two times of the year the tracks would be straight lines with the motion going either from bottom to top or from top to bottom.
		The modern explanation of the tides depends on Newtonian mechanics and the effect of the moon and the sun on the waters of the earth.
	www.calstatela.edu /faculty/kaniol/a360/galileo_dialogue.htm (1646 words)

	galileo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In his Dialogues Concerning the Two Great World Systems, which extolled the merits of the Copernican world system to that of Ptolomy and Aristotle, Galileo employed his analysis of motion into components on several occasions to refute Aristotelian objections to the motions of the earth as postulated by Copernicus and his (still relatively few) followers.
		Together, these developments transformed the world from a small, comfortable, finite, organic, hierarchical cosmos, governed by all manner of mysterious correspondences and influences, into a single-leveled, homogeneous, mechanical universe, infinite in size, almost entirely devoid of matter (and a void was also nonsensical to Aristotelians), with no center at all, let alone earth-centered.
		In his Dialogue Concerning the Two Great World Systems (1632), the work that got Galileo hauled in before the Inquisition in Rome and condemned to house arrest for the remainder of his life, Galileo was content to demonstrate the superiority of Copernicus's scheme, with its circular orbits.
	unr.edu /homepage/nickles/wthonors/galileo.htm (7482 words)

	SparkNotes: Galileo Galilei: Important People, Terms, and Events
		However, Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems alienated him–he felt it mocked him–and he refused to support the astronomer during his trial.
		Published in 1632, this text took the form of a dialogue in which one of the speakers fiercely argued for the truth of the Copernican system.
		The Jesuits, a new religious order, served as the chief agents of this movement, and the movement led the Church into conflict with the rising tide of scientific discoveries.
	www.sparknotes.com /biography/galileo/terms.html (851 words)

	International Catholic University: 29.7
		I have already mentioned that in late 1615 he had circulated a treatise in which he argued that the phenomenon of the ocean tides might provide the kind of evidence which would lead necessarily to the conclusion of the double motion of the Earth as the cause.
		Since science, in the traditional Aristotelian sense, was knowledge of a necessary nexus between cause and effect, it seemed that to argue that this type of knowledge is possible was to necessitate God, and hence to deny divine omnipotence.
		By writing the book in the form of a dialogue among a proponent of Copernicus (Salviati), a supporter of the Ptolemaic and Aristotelian positions (Simplicio), and an intelligent, uncommitted third party (Sagredo), Galileo thought that he would preserve the claim that he, the author, did not hold or teach Copernican astronomy.
	home.comcast.net /~icuweb/c02907.htm (2972 words)

	Galileo on the World Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Dialogue is a work of extreme difficulty, requiring a compendious introduction, careful selection, translation and analysis of texts, and thoughtful evaluation of its impact on Western culture.
		The translation of the Dialogue is abridged in order to highlight its essential content, and Finocchiaro gives titles to the various parts of the debate as a guide to the principal topics.
		Galileo on the World Systems is a remarkably nuanced interpretation of a classic work and will give readers the tools to understand and evaluate for themselves one of the most influential scientific books in Western civilization.
	www.ucpress.edu /books/pages/6840.html (594 words)

	THE DIALOGUE
		GALILEO GALILEI - DIALOGUE CONCERNING THE TWO CHIEF WORLD SYSTEMS: THE PTOLEMAIC AND THE COPERNICAN.
		Galileo examines the two theories in terms of their ability to explain the actual phenomena observed in the heavens, and their correspondence with known terrestrial phenomena.
		The dialogue weighs the plausibility of the two models of the structure of the universe.
	muse.tau.ac.il /museum/galileo/the_dialogue.html (456 words)

	The Galileo Project \| Science \| Ptolemaic System
		It was governed by the concept of place, as opposed to space, and was divided into two distinct parts, the earthly or sublunary region, and the heavens.
		Copernican System), Copernicus tells the reader that it was his aim to rid the models of heavenly motions of this monstrous construction.
		In the world of learning in the Christian West (settled in the universities founded around 1200 CE), Aristotle's cosmology figured in all questions concerned with the nature of the universe and impinged on many philosophical and theological questions.
	galileo.rice.edu /sci/theories/ptolemaic_system.html (1629 words)

	Physics Galileo Galilei: Discussion of Quotes Galileo Galilei Dialogue, Metaphysics Motion Force
		Galileo Galilei, 'A Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems' (1629)
		Aristotle in his first division separates the whole into two differing and, in a way, contrary parts; namely, the celestial and the elemental, the former being ingenerable, incorruptible, inalterable, impenetrable, etc; the latter being exposed to continual alteration, mutation, etc. He takes this difference from the diversity of local motions as his original principle.
		Leaving, so to speak, the sensible world and retiring into the ideal world, he begins architectonically to consider that, nature being the principle of motion, it is appropriate that natural bodies should be endowed with local motion.
	www.spaceandmotion.com /Physics-Galileo-Galilei.htm (4990 words)

	MSOE Remnant Trust Great Books Exhibit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Available for viewing in this exhibit are rare editions of these two works on loan from The Remnant Trust and its unique "Wisdom of the Ages" book collection.
		Professor of Mathematics at the Universities of Pisa and Padua in Italy, leader of the widespread seventeenth century scientific revolution that emphasized experimental evidence and observation and led to the foundation of modern science, Galileo Galilei (b.
		The two circles intersect at point C. Draw lines from A to C and from B to C. The construction is now complete; what remains is to demonstrate that the triangle is indeed equilateral.
	www.msoe.edu /library/remnant_trust_books (1570 words)

	Galileo Galilei (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		His research while at Pisa and Padua was mostly concerned with the problem of motion, in particular motion on inclined planes, of the pendulum, and of freely falling bodies.
		Perhaps his most striking discovery was that of four moons orbiting Jupiter, in direct contradiction with another Aristotelian postulate, that of the Earth being the center of (circular) motion for all heavenly bodies.
		Galileo's pro-Copernican campaign culminated with the publication of his 1632 Dialogue concerning the two chief world systems.
	web.hao.ucar.edu /public/education/sp/images/galileo.html (809 words)

	Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
		The open-minded and lettered Sagredo in Galileo's dialogue was a close friend of the scientist.
		Now, since bitter death has deprived Venice and Florence of those two great luminaries in the very meridian of their years, I have resolved to make their fame live on in these pages, so far as my poor abilities will permit, by introducing them as interlocutors in the present argument.
		And on the face of the sun itself, with the aid of the telescope, they have seen produced and dissolved dense and dark matter, appearing much like the clouds upon the earth: and many of these are so vast as to exceed not only the Mediterranean Sea, but all of Africa, with Asia thrown in.
	www.law.umkc.edu /faculty/projects/ftrials/galileo/dialogue.html (10391 words)

	Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, Ptolemaic and C
		Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, Ptolemaic and C
		This 1967 edition of the Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems is a revision of a 1953 edition.
		Galileo on the World Systems, by Galileo Galilei
	www.ucpress.edu /books/pages/1114.html (210 words)

	The Galileo Project \| Biography \| Inquisition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Inquisition was a permanent institution in the Catholic Church charged with the eradication of heresies.
		Because Galileo supported the Copernican system, he was warned by Cardinal Bellarmine, under order of Pope Paul V, that he should not discuss or defend Copernican theories.
		Galileo was found guilty of heresy for his Dialogue, and was sent to his home near Florence where he was to be under house arrest for the remainder of his life.
	galileo.rice.edu /bio/narrative_7.html (220 words)

	[No title]
		Ptolemaic System In his Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, Ptolemaic and Copernican of 1632, Galileo attacked the world system based on the cosmology of Aristotle (384-322 BCE) and the technical astronomy of Ptolemy (ca.
		[Image] Ptolemy's system With such combinations of constructions, Ptolemy was able to account for the motions of heavenly bodies within the standards of observational accuracy of his day.
		Thus, in De Revolutionibus (see Copernican System), Copernicus tells the reader that it was his aim to rid the models of heavenly motions of this monstrous construction.
	www.physics.helsinki.fi /~enqvist/opus.dir/ptolemaic_system.txt (1625 words)

	Galilean relativity and Newtonian mechanics (from Einstein Light)
		In his Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, Galileo's three interlocuteurs spend much of the second day discussing relative motion, including whether or not the Earth is stationary.
		Galileo's work reported in Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems actually makes a lot of progress towards what we now know as Newtonian mechanics, which is our next topic.
		Now imagine that the third law is false, and that these two forces together produce a non-zero force on the pen.
	www.phys.unsw.edu.au /einsteinlight/jw/module1_Galileo_and_Newton.htm (1364 words)

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