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Topic: Diapir

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	Recognition of Fault Bend Folding, Detachment and Decapitation in Wells, Seismic, and Cores from Norte Monagas, Eastern ...
		One of the main characteristic of the diapirs is the presence of mud volcanoes.
		Diapir chimneys are not present in the north and south of this zone because of the lack of overpressured shales there.
		Diapir formation in the middle of the foredeep is a consequence of this.
	www.searchanddiscovery.net /documents/duerto/index.htm (3019 words)

	Diapir - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A diapir (IPA: [ˈdaɪpɪɹ] [1]) (French, from Greek diapeirein, to pierce through) is an intrusion caused by buoyancy and pressure differentials.
		Diapirism in the mantle is thought to be associated with the development of large igneous provinces and some mantle plumes.
		Diapirs or piercement structures are structures resulting from the penetration of overlaying material.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Diapir (352 words)

	Woods Hole Field Center Publications, Abstracts 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Salt diapirs cause local shallowing of the base of the gas hydrate stability zone (bghsz) by altering the thermal/chemical regime, and thus they create gas traps.
		Diapirs also cause faulting of the superjacent sediments, thereby creating pathways for migration of trapped gas to the seafloor.
		The diapir rises near the landward end of the Blake Ridge, a sedimentary drift deposit that extends across the continental rise and is interpreted to contain very high concentrations of gas hydrate.
	woodshole.er.usgs.gov /bibliographies/1997/337.html (427 words)

	New Perspectives on Magma Emplacement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Diapirs penetrate through the plastic (and therefore sufficiently hot) lower and middle crust (the source region is viewed as a regionally extensive, partly ductile layer, with periodic cuspate instabilities and diapiric upwellings) and are brought to a halt when the density contrast is removed or when crystallisation effectively freezes the rock and halts its progress.
		Diapiric ascent should give rise mainly to diapiric emplacement, since the magma would have little or no potential to migrate further once the diapiric process had finished.
		With the possible exception of diapirism and the generally small volumes of magma frozen in dykes, there is no reason to suppose that ascent and emplacement must occur either by the same mechanism or at the same volumetric rate (Cruden, 1998).
	www.phdcsm.freeserve.co.uk /magma.htm (5790 words)

	USC Sequence Stratigraphy - Salt Dynamics in Yemen
		The deepest portion of the main Full-Graben is occupied by an elongated diapir (Axial Diapir Complex) which shows different structural characters along strike: in the middle, it is Reverse Fault-Bounded in response to local contractional effects in the overburden.
		Diapiric growth was accelerated by the Paleogene tectonic activity.
		An along-strike transformation of diapir patterns was revealed in the Axial Diapir Complex, where contractional and extensional diapers transfer from one to another within the same salt body.
	strata.geol.sc.edu /Istvan/SaltYemen/saltyemen.html (1352 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Sedom, a diapiric “salt wall” southwest of the Dead Sea, was formed by extrusion of salt layers through passages in overlying sediments.
		Mount Sedom salt diapir, at the south-western edge of the Dead Sea, is covered by a residual caprock, concealing its internal structure.
		This lag may be attributed to the narrow width of the diapir in the north, which increases viscous drag at the borders of the rising diapir.
	geography.huji.ac.il /~geo/personal/Frumkin/Frumkin.html (8391 words)

	Salt Tectonics
		We are using this diapir as a natural laboratory to study salt rheology and tectonics.
		Milestones in the uplift history of the Sedom salt diapir since its inception were deduced from angular and erosional unconformities, thickness variations, caprock formation, chemistry and isotope composition of lacustrine aragonite, cave morphology, precise leveling and satellite geodesy.
		The formation of the caprock signifies the arrival of the Sedom diapir from depth to the dissolution level between 300,000-100,000 years B.P. During this period and later, angular and erosional unconformities in the upper part of the overburden near Mount Sedom are attributed to the piercing diapir.
	geos.gsi.gov.il /rami/salt_tect.html (613 words)

	Reefs and atolls of the Australian outback
		The pale, weathered diapir is in the background.
		In geological terms, a diapir is a mobile core containing minerals of low density such as salt.
		The outcrop is unusual in that all the reefs have been tilted on their sides by the diapir, which continued to move long after the reefs were deposited.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2000-07/AU-Raao-3007100.php (958 words)

	[No title]
		The diapir is one of about 20 large structures that originate from deep within the sediments of the Carolina Trough and penetrate through the Carolina Continental Rise.
		Although the Cape Fear Diapir occurs within a region where a BSR is present, the continuity of the BSR is lost on the flanks of the diapir.
		The paucity of recent sediments around the diapir suggests that the diapir Site 994 Site 994 is part of a transect of holes on the southern flank of the Blake Ridge that extends from an area where a BSR is not detectable to an area where an extremely well-developed and distinct BSR exists (Fig.
	owen.nhm.ac.uk /odp/publications/prelim/164_Prelim/164.TXT (17954 words)

	The Pearl Project
		This mass resembles a diapir in some respects, but it was formed contemporaneously with the deposition of what are postulated to be thick sand bodies in Oligocene sediments.
		The geological theory is that the sand was sourced from the erosion of a Vicksburg aged delta complex and re-deposited in the vicinity of the Pearl prospect.
		Similar features of this type are described in geological literature as thick sand deposits with their relatively higher specific gravity causing the underlying shales to flow and behave in a plastic manner.
	www.daybreakoilandgas.com /HTML/pearl_page.htm (385 words)

	[No title]
		In this study, we use topographic and uplift-rate profiles of Mount Sedom salt diapir (Dead Sea Rift, Israel), to construct an analytical model for the growth of a salt diapir in a tectonically active basin.
		Based on the present topography of the diapir and its emergence time, we use the model to constrain the effective viscosity of the rock salt to 3x10e18 Pa s.
		The geometry of the rising diapir is examined by uplift profiles made along 13 W-E sections and one N-S section for the period 10/1997 – 01/2001.
	earth.esa.int /cgi-bin/conffringe.pl?abstract=188 (514 words)

	NOAA Ocean Explorer: Windows to the Deep
		Second, these diapirs lie close to the Blake Ridge Diapir, where the explorers conducted three dives during The Windows to the Deep expedition.
		Third, high temperatures near salt diapirs pinch the gas hydrate stability zone closer to the surface and drive the flow of fluids and gas from depth toward the surface.
		Microbial Diversity in Deep-Sea Sediments at the Blake Ridge Diapir
	oceanexplorer.noaa.gov /explorations/03windows/logs/jul29/jul29.html (1255 words)

	Introduction
		Associated traps are found in the dome over the diapir, in sands pinching out, up-turned, or truncated against the diapir, and in small rollover anticlines caused by shrinkage of the diapir.
		Several of the shale diapirs in the Reconcavo basin in Brazil apparently grew faster than sedimentation so that the wasting of the emergent shale cores resulted in deposition of older (shale age) fossils in the younger surrounding beds.
		A common characteristic of the shallow-to-emergent growth domes is that sands are thin to absent close to the shale cores.
	www.searchanddiscovery.com /documents/Shale/shale1.htm (558 words)

	Geo-Logic Systems
		However, on the southeastern flank the diapir flares laterally, with the edge dipping 35 degrees to the northwest.
		The thinning and onlap of the siliciclastics, the local development of the carbonate reefs, and the diabase clasts all attest to the bathymetric elevation and periodic exposure and erosion of the diapir, proving that the diapir was growing passively during at least the Maastrichtian to Eocene.
		The geometry of the unconformities and the existence of the overlying carbonate debris flows show that the deformation accompanied passive diapirism at the sea floor and was not the result of active intrusion of the salt upward through a preexisting column of rock.
	www.geologicsystems.com /news.html (2727 words)

	Ice Double-Ridges
		The aim of this proposal is to conduct numerical modeling for the linear diapirism hypothesis.
		A key point of the linear diapirism hypothesis is that it addresses a number of morphological features connected with the double ridges.
		A match would support the linear diapir formation hypothesis, or if there is a poor match, this may suggest the hypothesis might require rethinking.
	staff.washington.edu /aganse/europa/class_proposal/ridges.prop.html (2080 words)

	DGI: EarthVision Solutions - Salt Diapir Modeling
		Hydrocarbons in stratigraphic layers can be trapped against salt diapirs and beneath salt overhangs; unfortunately, drilling through and around salt diapirs can be a tricky and expensive task.
		The tallest diapirs are in the upslope area.
		An interesting detail of the 3D model is that the horizontal grooves on the salt surface are actual impressions of sand layers on the steeply dipping flanks of the salt diapirs.
	www.dgi.com /earthvision/sol_diapir.shtml (294 words)

	Upheaval Dome: pinched-off salt diapir (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		We propose that an overhanging diapir of partly extrusive salt was pinched off from its stem and subsequently eroded.
		Diapiric pinch-off may have involved inward gravitational collapse of the country rocks, which intensely constricted the center of the dome.
		From the margins of the photo, layers pass through an extended zone and the rim syncline ino the constricted and uplifted core of the structure (inset at lower right).
	meteorite.org /upheaval2.htm (387 words)

	White Mars 7 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The White Rock is reinterpreted as an icy diapir and glacier complex, akin to salt glaciers in arid zones on Earth such as the Great Kavir desert of Iran [1], or to submarine salt tongues in the Gulf of Mexico [2].
		The trick is to balance solubility at the surface with upward flow rate, with the additional detail that a thin crust of less-soluble residue or a skin of sediment may protect the underlying salt from dissolution.
		The critical requirements for diapirism on Mars are the creep behaviour and volatility of the various ices believed to be present in the subsurface.
	users.bigpond.net.au /Nick/Mars/NH7.htm (575 words)

	Effects of melt migration on the dynamics and melt generation of diapirs ascending through asthenosphere
		The diapir dynamics are modeled for permeable and impermeable cases.
		In the permeable model, melt migrates within the diapir, whereas no relative motion is allowed between melt and solid matrix in the impermeable model.
		The velocity of the permeable diapir and its melt generation are significantly larger than that of the impermeable diapir.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2002/2000JB000070.shtml (370 words)

	Europa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		More data is necessary to constrain the hypotheses: the thickness and composition (specifically, the concentration of impurities) of the ice shell, as well as the state of Europa’s mantle, are unknown parameters that can have profound effects on the behavior of these models (Schenk and Pappalardo 2004; Nimmo and Giese 2005).
		However, contrasts in relief are also difficult to produce through diapirism, and Schenk and Pappalardo (2004) base their support for the diapir model on an assumption about the composition of the diapir.
		The diapir simulation developed is based on an explicit set of reasonable assumptions, such as taking the diapir to be a geometrically simple shape and assuming the crust surface temperature to be constant since insolation will dominate subsurface heating at that layer.
	wso.williams.edu:8000 /~jshoer/paper6.htm (2757 words)

	TIMING OF DIAPIR GROWTH AND CAP ROCK FORMATION, DAVIS HILL SALT DOME, COASTAL TEXAS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The source layer (Jurassic Louann Salt) lies at a depth of at least 30,000 ft. Seismic and well logs interpretation suggests that diapir growth took place from Late Cretaceous to Plio-Pleistocene.
		Passive growth (downbuilding) of the dome ceased during the Early Oligocene (Vicksburg) and was followed by active growth (upbuilding) of the dome.
		The systematic accumulation of anhydrite cap rock layers by underplating as the salt diapir is dissolved allows a cap rock stratigraphic succession to be defined on the basis of texture and accessory minerals.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2001AM/finalprogram/abstract_24852.htm (519 words)

	Progradation over salt in the Santos Basin, Brazil
		The deformation includes continuous and discontinuous salt welding, apparent donwlaps, passive diapirism, distal diapir burial, faulting and diapir subsidence.
		Maastrichtian to Paleocene (15-59% time elapsed) - Discontinuous welding and passive diapirism: Continuity of the basal salt weld is broken by low-relief diapirs representing remnant pockets of salt trapped after they become rapidly overriden by prograding shale.
		The fault could serve as seal or conduit for hydrocarbons in the roof of the passive distal diapir.
	www.beg.utexas.edu /indassoc/agl/animations/AGL98-MM-009/index.html (1036 words)

	DEVELOPMENT OF PLEISTOCENE LIMESTONE ON A MUD-DIAPIR, OFFSHORE SW TAIWAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Seismic survey off southwestern Taiwan reveals numerous N-S and NW trending submarine ridges and mud diapirs originated from subduction of the Eurasian plate beneath the Philippine Sea plate.
		LCH is situated on the only offshore diapir that has reached the surface, therefore serves as an excellent location for observing the development of limestone over an accretionary wedge.
		With a sharp contact, the highly deformed mudstone is overlain by a carbonate conglomerate bed several 10's of cm (up to 1 m) in thickness.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2003AM/finalprogram/abstract_62602.htm (437 words)

	Coupled geophysical constraints on heat flow and fluid flux at a salt diapir
		Within a largely steady-state low-flux passive margin, a seafloor seep at the Blake Ridge Diapir transiently releases methane gas and sulfide-laden fluids.
		Until now, fluid flux estimates on the diapir have been too small to reconcile with seafloor gas emission and the survival of a chemosynthetic community at the seep.
		Away from the chimneys, observations indicate that conductive thermal processes and low fluid fluxes dominate in the hydrate reservoir and that dissolution of the salt diapir does not control the thickness of the hydrate stability zone.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2005/2005GL024862.shtml (340 words)

	Salt dome - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A salt dome is formed when a thick bed of evaporite minerals (mainly salt, or halite) found at depth intrudes vertically into surrounding rock strata, forming a diapir.
		Since the density of salt is generally less than that of surrounding material, it has a tendency to move upward toward the surface, forming large bulbous domes, sheets, pillars and other structures as it rises.
		In cross section, these large domes may be anywhere from 1 to 10 kilometers across and extend as far down as 6.5 kilometers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Salt_dome (438 words)

	Atlas: Holocenic infill of the Caldas da Rainha tectonic valley. Anthropological impacts and the fast evolution of ...
		Regional Geology The Caldas da Rainha structure is a main fault (from Pombal to Santa Cruz) with transtensional movements essentially during the Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous rifting and acting as an inverse fault during the Late Miocene Betic transpression.
		The main morphological effect is the so-called Caldas da Rainha diapir: the erosion of the dome of the elongated diapir created a valley limited by the uplifted borders between Nazaré and Óbidos, mainly Upper Jurassic limestone and siliciclastics (Fig.
		The Óbidos lagoon location is controlled by the coupled influences of the diapir wall uplift and salt withdrawal subsidence; the intersection of the aforementioned structures also provides a connection between the axis of the lagoon and the main diapiric valley.
	atlas-conferences.com /cgi-bin/abstract/camu-07 (2193 words)

	Mapping, Modeling and Evolution of Salt Structure Geometries: Implications for Improved Sub-Salt Exploration, by Markus ...
		High-resolution seismic mapping and well-log analysis of the sedimentary stacking patterns show that the effects of syn-sedimentary salt movement with respect to accommodation development and salt flow are consistent with the regional structural and stratigraphic framework.
		Diapiric growth and the developing relief of the peripheral sink controlled preservation and salt accumulation of the bedded salt units.
		W-E cross section (from 3D data) across a diapir with complex geometry (salt jags).
	www.searchanddiscovery.com /documents/2006/06099mohr/index.htm (371 words)

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