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Topic: Diaspora Punjabi

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	Punjabi language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Punjabi is the predominant spoken language in the Punjab province of Pakistan although it has no official status there, and both Urdu and English are preferred languages of the elite.
		Punjabi is the preferred language of the Sikhs, in which some of their religious literature is written.
		The main dialects of Punjabi are Majhi, Doabi, Malwai and Powadhi in India, and Pothohari, Lahndi and Multani in Pakistan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Punjabi_language (891 words)

	Punjabi language
		Punjabi (sometimes spelled Panjabi) is the native language of the Punjab and the most common first-language in Pakistan, spoken as a first language by 30 to 40 million people.
		Punjabi is also spoken as a minority first language in several other countries, including India (where it is one of the official languages) and Afghanistan.
		Punjabi is derived from Sanskrit and is therefore Indo-European.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/pu/Punjabi.html (374 words)

	Punjabi language
		Punjabi is the official language of the Indian state of Punjab, and is also spoken in neighbouring areas such as Haryana and Delhi.
		Punjabi is also spoken as a minority language in several other countries, including Afghanistan, as well as many nations where Punjabis have emigrated in large numbers, such as Britain, Canada, and the United States.
		Punjabi is the sacred language of the Sikhs, in which the religious literature is written (See Adi Granth).
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/p/pu/punjabi_language.html (535 words)

	Punjabi people - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Punjabis are found primarily in the Punjab region of Pakistan and Northern India.
		In Pakistan, Punjabis comprise the largest ethnic group at roughly 44% of the total population and reside predominantly in the province of Punjab.
		Although the Punjabi Sikhs are smaller in number than the Punjabi Muslims and Punjabi Hindus they are often thought of as the strongest supporters of a Punjabi identity due to their more frequent and visible use/display of the Punjabi language and traditional, non-religious aspects of the Punjabi culture.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Punjabis (1983 words)

	Punjabi
		Mirpur Punjabi is spoken by 20,000 to 30,000 in Kashmir.
		As a result, a 'Diaspora Punjabi' is emerging that is increasingly deviating from the norms of Punjabi spoken on the Indian subcontinent.
		Punjabi is the religious language of the Sikhs.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/february/punjabi.html (424 words)

	Punjabi - Panjabi - Punjab - Gurmukhi - Language - Hindi - Haryana Online - North India
		Punjabi (also spelled Panjabi) is the language of the Punjab regions of India and Pakistan.
		Punjabi is the official language of the Indian state of Punjab, and is also spoken in neighboring areas such as Haryana and Delhi.
		As such, Punjabi language and culture tend to be uniting factors in spite of national and religious affiliations.
	www.haryana-online.com /Culture/punjabi.htm (488 words)

	Punjabi Information Center - punjabi girls
		Punjabi is the official language of the Indian state of Punjab, and is also punjabi punjabi jokes girls spoken in neighbouring areas such as Haryana, punjabi funny emails Himachal Pradesh and Delhi.
		Punjabi is the sacred language of the Sikhs, in which the religious literature is written.
		As such, Punjabi language and culture tend to be punjabi translation one of the uniting factors in spite of national and religious affiliations.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Official_Languages_P_-_S/Punjabi.html (605 words)

	Punjabi - SikhiWiki, free Sikh encyclopedia.
		Punjabi: is a word that refers to the native language of the residents of the area of India and Pakistan (formerly India) called Punjab and also to the people who live in this region.
		Punjabi is the official language of the Indian state of Punjab and Chandigarh.
		Punjabi is also spoken as a minority language in several other countries where Punjabis have emigrated in large numbers such as the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom (where it is the second most commonly used language) and Canada (where it is the fifth most commonly used language).
	www.sikhiwiki.org /index.php?title=Punjabi (480 words)

	Online Punjabi Teaching
		No exact figures are available on the number of Punjabi speakers, either as a first or second language, but if the three Punjab and various dialects are taken into account an approximation of 100 million would not be too far from the truth.
		Punjabi is most commonly written in the Gurmukhi script which is the most complete and accurate way to represent Punjabi sounds.
		Some Punjabi words require consonants to be written in a conjunct form, which takes the shape of a subscript to the main letter.
	www.advancedcentrepunjabi.org /intro1.asp (1454 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Whether it is possible or not, Bhangra texts articulate the desire to represent Punjabi difference in terms of pre-given ethnic or cultural traits in romanticized celebratory narratives of the Punjabi homeland, which are appropriated in the construction of a global Punjabi diaspora.
		Within a generalized Punjabi space, Bhangra texts close in to fix a specific locus with the result that the homeland in Bhangra texts is an extremely small place, a province, a town or a village reflecting the longing for the face to face community displaced by the new imaginings of collectivities in nationalism or globalization.
		Punjabi wholeness is signified by the beautiful virginal or nurturing maternal female body interchangeable with the homeland, which is juxtaposed against the laboring or warrior male body charged with the responsibility of cultivating and protecting the homeland.
	www.arts.monash.edu.au /mai/Bhangra.doc (4891 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Punjabi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		PUNJABI [Punjabi], language belonging to the Indic group of the Indo-Iranian subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages.
		Larger than life: Raam Punjabi is probably one of Indonesia's best known local production figures, having been responsible for creating and producing many of the country's most popular comedy and drama series.
		Indian style: The forecast is sunny for Mira Nair's award-winning Punjabi romantic comedy, Monsoon Wedding.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/P/Punjabi.asp (241 words)

	Center for Sikh and Punjab Studies at UCSB: An International Conference on the Sikh Diaspora
		He emphasized that it was time to move away from formulations that led to perceptions of the diaspora Sikhs as victims or marginalised exiles as the community had now matured to a stage where the diasporic experience needed to be celebrated.
		This, he argued was related both to the declining use of Punjabi language by new writers and because of lower levels of literacy and proficiency in Punjabi language amongst the second-generation migrants.
		By focusing on histories of the diaspora on the first day and recalling the lived experiences of the diaspora in the second, the conference organizers had provided the audience with plenty of food for thought.
	www.global.ucsb.edu /punjab/april21_01.html (2996 words)

	Resources on the Punjabi
		Punjabi is the language of the Punjab regions of India and Pakistan.
		Punjabi is the official language of the Indian state of Punjab, and is also spoken in neighbouring areas such as Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Delhi.
		Punjabi is also spoken as a minority language in several other countries where Punjabis have emigrated in large numbers, such as Britain, the United States and especially Canada, where it is the fifth most commonly used language.
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/asian/Punjabi.html (881 words)

	Translating Culture
		The emergence of diaspora communities with their complex ties to homelands and lands of destination has resulted in new cultural forms which are products of translation.
		Punjabi language and literature is closely tied to the formation of Sikh sacred scripture and hagiography.
		Among the broad range of topics that spring to the mind here, we thought that a focus on ritual (translatability of ritual as text), performance (popular genres and their crossing of religious and cultural boundaries) and gender issues (symbolism and gendered translations of doctrinal texts) might be particularly instructive.
	ias.berkeley.edu /southasia/translatingculture.html (1201 words)

	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUNJAB STUDIESEditorsEleanorNesbitt ...
		Punjabi serves as the means to an end -the end being socialization of Muslim children in this case or, simply, the pleasure oflistening to a good story.
		But Punjabi has a strong claim to be the language of the home in most cases; and more might be done to encourage the use of it, or at any rate to remove the impression that it is being purposely neglected (Goldsby, 1908).
		In short, the Punjabi elite's marginalisation of Punjabi is not because of generosity or disinterested love of the country but a mixture of culture shame, prejudice against its own language and the desire to keep the centre, and therefore itself, dominant in Pakistan.
	www.apnaorg.com /articles/IJPS (15990 words)

	World Policy Journal - Winter 2006
		The movement's invocation of Punjabi literature that emphasizes unity, harmony, and the possibilities of coexistence thus allows people to transcend the division of partition and reclaim a culture they share.
		Punjabis take their literature very seriously, seeing it as nearly sacred, and its appeal—particularly that of some older canonical texts—cuts across religious differences.
		But given the number of Punjabis in the military, there is reason to hope that Punjabiyat may extend its influence even to the Pakistani army.
	www.worldpolicy.org /journal/articles/wpj06-1/ayres.html (3216 words)

	The Unreached Peoples Prayer Profiles
		Modern Punjabi culture was largely shaped by the partitioning of India and Pakistan in 1947.
		For the Punjabi, a caste is described as a group of families in an area, with common ancestry, who marry among themselves, and have a common traditional occupation based upon a common type of inherited productive property.
		It is commonly said among the Punjabi that "land, women, and water are the sources of all conflicts." This simply means that they deem it necessary to control the means by which one perpetuates his family and property.
	www.global12project.com /2004/profiles/clusters/8044.html (935 words)

	Manas: The Indian Diaspora
		The Indian diaspora today constitutes an important, and in some respects unique, force in world culture.
		The origins of the modern Indian diaspora lie mainly in the subjugation of India by the British and its incorporation into the British empire.
		Indians were taken over as indentured labor to far-flung parts of the empire in the nineteenth-century, a circumstance to which the modern Indian populations of Fiji, Mauritius, Guyana, Trinidad, Surinam, Malaysia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, and other places attest in their own peculiar ways.
	www.sscnet.ucla.edu /southasia/Diaspora/diaspora.html (714 words)

	Article
		Although this is an encouraging sign for Punjabi activists, unless the Punjabi language is properly introduced in the schools of Punjab from primary classes, the Punjabi language will not get its rightful place in Pakistan.
		While Pancham, is focused on publishing quality Punjabi literature and Khoj specializes in publishing Punjabi research papers and doctoral thesis, the other magazines also include large informational sections in the form of letters from readers, activities and event reports of various Punjabi organizations and social and literary news about writers and their publications.
		These Punjabi magazines, that are largely labours of love and dedication, survive on the missionary zeal of their editors and publishers.
	www.apnaorg.com /articles/punjabi2002 (1318 words)

	Ajeet Cour: A Punjabi Writer - Sepia Mutiny
		Punjabi is vibrant and alive - in popular culture and as HM points out, in literature too and through the Sikh religion, as a spiritual language as well.
		Languages adapt, and the conception of Punjabi as 'slowly dying' is alarmist and overstatement.
		Punjabi pride is returning amongst the new generation; however it has different shades and a different path then that of India and Pakistan.
	www.sepiamutiny.com /sepia/archives/003443.html (15191 words)

	Zee-ETC deal eyes Punjabi diaspora- The Economic Times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		etc has the exclusive telecast rights for beaming gurbani live from the golden temple at amritsar for eleven years that is a major draw with audiences in punjab and nri punjabis.
		as for zee music and alpha punjabi, their fate is not clear as both are lagging behind the two etc channels.
		the new combine claims to command a marketshare of 58 per cent in the punjabi segment and 46 per cent in the hindi movie segment.
	economictimes.indiatimes.com /articleshow/msid-1366457,prtpage-1.cms (498 words)

	The Hindu : Other States / Punjab News : Major breakthrough in Punjabi software
		A major breakthrough in software engineering is all set to overcome most of the obstacles faced by the Punjabi diaspora while communicating in their native language.
		The threat was grave due to differences in script as Punjabis in India, Pakistan and western countries used Gurmukhi, Shahmukhi and Roman, which are Devnagri, Persian and Roman derivatives, respectively.
		Claiming that the first ever Punjabi word processor, which he has christened "Akhar'' (Word), would address most of the problems faced by the computer users in different fields, Dr. Lehal says that the processes were never been as simple.
	www.hindu.com /2004/09/07/stories/2004090708780500.htm (646 words)

	SikhSpectrum.com Monthly. linguistic development in Punjabi
		In the Diaspora we are in touch with it all the time, therefore in common use many of these languages have lent us words that Punjabi had gaps in.
		Hence, if Punjabi is deficient in modern terms (technical, administrative, philosophical, legal etc), it is not an inherent limitation but merely lack of language planning.
		Once again, the fault is that of the state and not of Punjabi, says an article published on the Academy of the Punjab in North America (APNA) website.
	www.sikhspectrum.com /112003/rup_punjabi.htm (606 words)

	Vive le Canada - Diaspora seeks 'Canadian' status for Punjabi
		Tamil and Punjabi are the only two Indian languages which have been given official recognition abroad.
		And in British Columbia, where Punjabis constitute about eight per cent of the province's population of about four million, efforts are under way to seek 'Canadian' status for this language.
		One of Canada's two official languages happens to be the same language that was/is an official language in the countries that the Punjabi speaking Canadians came from, 100 years ago and even today.
	www.vivelecanada.ca /article.php/20060420203237757 (2312 words)

	Heritage
		Punjabis are in fact, the top most and most emancipated community of India and we together have influenced India's overall life in many ways.
		Punjabis dominate the states of Punjab, Himachal, Haryana, Delhi and many principal metropolitan areas.
		Heer Waris Shah - In the tradition of Punjabi Qissa poetry the arrival of Waris Shah was an epoch making event, which changed the status, tone and tenor of Punjabi poetry.
	www.punjabilok.com /heritage/herit_index.htm (1247 words)

	APNA, Academy of the Punjab in North America
		West Punjabi Poetry: From Ustad Daman to Najm Hosain Syed
		Punjabi Conference in New York - News Report
		Punjabi Conference and Kavi Darbar in New York
	www.apnaorg.com (646 words)

	Creativity enforced
		More importantly there is hardly a Punjabi-speaking Sikh who has not been entranced by his keertan, which is noted by his very convincing and uniquely gurbani-laced development of even the most controversial themes.
		But all his presentations are only in Punjabi, and there is now a new generation of Sikhs being brought up and raised in the diaspora whose Punjabi is limited to conversational simplicities.
		They vary from an inspired essay on the idea, notion and meaning of gurdwara to another that looks at the human body not as something false, not something to be mortified or rejected, but as something that is the embodiment of truth and of dharma and to be used to purposeful ends.
	www.sikhpoint.com /religion/resources/ujarodeepa.htm (522 words)

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